信管专业英语期末考试复习资料.doc

6.1.扁平组织强调分散管理，鼓励员工参与决策。Flat organizations emphasize a dencentralized approach to management,which encourages high employee involvement in decisions. 6.2. 管理人员和员工在一个互有信心、互相信任的友好环境中互动。Management and employees interact in a friendly environment characterized by mutual confidence and trust. 6.3. 机械组织最适合重复的运行和稳定的环境。Mechanistic organizations are best suited to repetitive operations and stable environment. 6.4. 商业计划有多种形式。There are a wide variety of formats for business plan. 6.5. 计划过程远比计划文档更重要。Far more important than plan documents is that plan process itself. 6.6. 每一个任务都应该包括一个执行方案。Each objective should include an action plan. 6.7. 一个执行方案可以帮助主管组织、协调他的团队行动，并使项目按计划进行。An action plan can help supervisor stay organized,coordinate his or her teams activities,and keep projects on schedule. 6.8. 执行方案详细阐述完成该任务所需要的步骤和工作。The action plan states specifically what steps or tasks will be accomplished to achieve the objective. 6.9. 项目管理软件程序可以帮助主管制定执行方案。Project-management software program are available to help supervisor create action plan. 6.10. 最基本的项目管理软件程序帮助用户把自己的想法整理成一个简单的进度表。The most basic project management program helps organize the users thoughts so that a simple schedule can be created. 7.1. 链接是最简单但最有效的因特网营销方法。Linking is one of the simplest yet most effective Internet marketing devices.7.2. 电子邮件签名文件可以有效地宣传一个网站。E mail signature files can effectively promote a website.7.3. EDI通常用于两个公司的两个终端设备的通信。EDI is usually deployed in between communication end points between two companies.7.4. 很快大部分企业都将成为某种程度上的电子商务企业。Pretty soon most business will be E-business to some extent.7.5. 安全电子交易（SET）是保证因特网财务往来安全的系统。Secure Electronic Transaction(SET) is a system for ensuring the security of financial transactions on the Internet.7.6. 发证机构（CA）是网络中的一个机构，他负责发放和管理的安全信用证和用于信息加密的公共钥匙。A certificate authority(CA) is an authority in a network that issues and manages security credentials and public keys for message encryption.7.7. CRM固然包含许多技术，但认为CRM主要是技术则是错误的。There are many technological components to CRM,but thingking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake.7.8. 多用户操作系统允许不同的用户同时利用计算机资源。A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer s resources simultaneously.7.9. 操作系统（OS）是最先装入计算机的软件。The operating system(OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer.7.10. 没有什么能比计算机更好的体现现代生活。Nothing epitomizes modern life better than the computer.8.1. 网络由两个或多个连接在一起的计算机组成，以便共享资源（如打印机和光盘驱动器）、交换文件或进行电子通信。A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs),exchange files ,or allow electronic communications.8.2. 网络上的计算机可以用电缆、电话线、无线电波、卫星或红外线光束连接。The computers on a network may be linked through cable s, telephone lines , radio waves , satellites , or infrared light beams.8.3. 局域网（LAN）是局限于一个较小范围的的网络。A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area.8.4. 连接到服务器上的计算机被称为工作站。Computers connected to the file server are called workstations.8.5. 在大部分的局域网上中，人们用电缆来连接每个计算机的网卡。On most LANs , cables are used to connect the network interface cards in each computer.8.6. 网络提供了一个非常快的共享和传输文件的方法。Networks provide a very rapid method for sharing and transferring files. 8.7. 今天，它主要是通过网络或电子数据交换来完成。Now , it is mainly done through Internet and Electronic Data Interchange(EDI).8.8. 企业能够通过因特网收集关于产品、购买者和竞争对手的信息，从而增强其竞争力。Businesses can gather information on products , buyers and competitors through Internet so as to increase their own competitiveness.8.9. OSI体系结构被划分为七层。The OSI architecture is split between seven layers.8.10. 网络一般是指一组计算机共同工作。A network typically means a group of computers working together.9.1. 面向对象设计不是唯一的设计类型。Object-oriented design is not the only type of design.9.2. 类是具有共同结构和相同行为的对象的集合。A class is a set of objects that share a common structure and a common behaviour.9.3. 数据流程图模拟一个系统中的事件和过程（如传输数据的活动）。Data Flow Diagrams(DFDs) model events and processes (i.e. activities which transform data) within a system.9.4. 逻辑数据结构模型（LCDs）用另一方式描述一个系统的信息和数据。Logical Data Structure (LDSs) represent a systems information and data in another way.9.5. 每个子系统描述数据处理过程的一个加工过程或活动。Each subsystem represents a process or activity in which data is processed.9.6. 存储设备和显示设备是硬件。The storage devices and display devices are hardware.9.7. 一个域就是一个单独的信息块。A field is a single piece of information.9.8. 一个文件就是一些记录的集合。A file is a collection of records.9.9. 一个记录就是一些域的完整集合。A record is one complete set of fields.9.10. 软件可以分为两个基本类别：系统软件和应用软件。Software can be divided into two general classes : systems software and applications software.10.1. 低级别的类（叫做子类或衍生类）继承高级别的类（叫做超类或基类）的状态和行为。The lower-level classes(known as subclasses or derived classes) inherit state and behaviour from this higher-level class(known as a superclass or base class).10.2. 高速度的网络使地理上的距离变得无足轻重。High-speed network makes geographical distance insignificant.10.3. 当然首先你需要到一个网站去卖东西。First you need a website to sell from of course.10.4. 尽管组织之间有很多不同点，但仍有许多相同之处可以将它们分类。Even though the differences among organizations are enormous , there are many similarities that enable them to be classified.10.5. 领导做正确的事，管理者把事情做正确。Leaders do the right thing and managers do things right.10.6. 企业资源计划软件，或ERP，与其缩写名不符实。Enterprise resource planning software , or ERP ,doesnt live up to its acronym.10.7. 每一个部门一般都有自己的计算机系统，按照他们特定的工作方式进行了优化。Each of those departments typically has its own computer system, each optimized for the particular ways that the department does its work.10.8. 这被证实是一种非常成功的设计方法。This has proved to be a highly successful design methodology.10.9. 人们需要信息，但也承受着超负荷信息之痛苦。While people want information , they also suffer from massive information overload.10.10. 如你所见，数据库处理信息的范围比电子表格广泛。As you can see, databases deal with a broader scope of information than spreadsheets.包孕法: 1 Hydrogen, which is the lightest element, has only one electron. 元素中最轻的氢元素只有一个电子。2 This is the switch we adjust the temperature of water with. 这是调节水温的开关分切法：3 The element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.元素是这样一种物质，其不能用一般化学方法分裂成为更简单的物质。4 In most parts of the sea, there are millions of tiny living things that can be hardly seen with our eyes. 在大部分海域里，生存着无数的微生物，用肉眼是看不到的。拆离法：5 this year the estimated production is 400 million, and we can safely assume that even tremendous number is likely to increase.今年的晶体管产量估计是四亿只，这个数字虽然已经很大了，但可能还要增加。我们这样估计是有把握的。6 the operation is adaptive in the sense that the tap-adjustment information is derived from the received data. 抽头增益调节的信息是根据所接收的数据推导出来的。从这个意义上说，整个过程是自适应的。重组法7 Generally speaking, the typical metal is ductile, malleable and conductible for electricity and heat, whose surface is lustrous usually with while, or so called metallic luster.一般来说，典型的金属具有延展性和可锻性，能导热导电，表面有光泽。8 There are some metals which are lighter than water. 这些金属比水轻。压缩法：9 The resistance of an inductor is so small that it is negligible. 电感器的电阻小的可忽略不计。10 it is necessary that those electric machines should be lubricated. 那些电机必须经常加润滑油。n.-v. 1.No other changes occur upon mixing the two compounds. 把两种物质混合起来没有发生其他变化。2.He was our good supporter. 他很支持我们。n.-adj. 3.Im a stranger to the operation of this kinds of machine. 我对于这类机器的运作状况很陌生。adj.-v. 4.IPC is more reliable than common computer. 工控机的可靠性比普通计算机更值得信任。adj.-adv. 5.Its prudent to make sure that there are no short circuits. 确认没有短路才是谨慎的做法。v.-n. 6.The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 我们所生活的地球是球形的。adv.-v. 7.We are up against on of the great mystery of the universe the riddle of electricity.我们行动起来解决电力之谜。pre.-v. 8.This electric meter is of high sensibility. 这种电表具有很高的灵敏度。主-宾 9.Heat and light can be given off by the chemical change. 化学变化可以产生光和热。谓-定 10.The landscape of the moon was seen to have mountain range and creaters great and small. 所见到的月球表面有山脉，大的和小的创造者。省译法：1.We should concern ourselves here only with the structure of stator. 我们应该关注的只有定子结构。2.The old professor entered the room,his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold. 老教授走进房间，大衣上落满了雪，鼻子也冻红了。3.The volume of the sun is 130000 times that of the earth . 太阳的体积是地球的130000倍。4.The energy that has to be supplied by the generator in order to overcome the opposition is transformed into heat within the conductor. 发电机为克服阻力所提供的能量被导体转化为热量。5.The notebook computer carried with it the storage battery itself. 笔记本电脑自带蓄电池。6.There is always some loss when a motor is working. 电机工作时总有损耗。7.The method is the most widely used method of P-N junction formation in the fabrication of function electric blocks. 在电阻块功能建造中，P-N连接构造方法是最广泛应用的一种。8.As we known,electrons revolve about the nucleus,or center, of an atom.众所周知，电子围绕原子核。9.The float on the surface of the water and they give off light when they are disturbed.当水面上的漂浮物受到干扰时，会发光。10.As the temperature increases ,the volume of water becomes greater. 温度上升，水的体积也增大。1.The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the attainme