中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项练习.doc

中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项练习清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.清华大学英语教授研究组提供中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项练习“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点： 1在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占1015，长度一般在130200个单词左右。 2降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。 3针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 “完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 “完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 “完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。传统的完形填空(cloze test)通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用四选一的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。请看-一、 目标要求完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。二、 解题步骤在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：1. 通览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，链条从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于只见树木不见森林而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。2. 综合考虑，先易后难通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。3. 复读检验，消除疏漏完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。三、 实例点拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活).1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classesC. schools D. subjects (科目)5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helpingC. helps D. helpful 答题分三步：第一步： 通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步： 逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些另一些(泛指)； some.the other(s).意思是一些另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。8. 选D。读报英语习惯说readnewspapers。9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。第三步： 复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！（1）根据文意，补全所缺单词，词首字母已给出。 Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore，in the places where traffic is very h _ and crossing the road is not safe These bridges can help people cross roads s _Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings（斑马线） They are more efficient（效率高的），t _ less convenient（方便的）because people have to climb up a lot of stepsThis is inconvenient to the oldWhen people u _ an overhead bridge，they do not hold up（阻挡） trafficBut when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing，traffic is held upThis is w _ the government（政府）has built many overhead bridges to help people and k _ traffic moving at the same time The government of Singapore has s _ a lot of money building these bridgesFor their own safety，people should be advised to use them instead of rushing across the roadOld people may find it a little d _ climbing up and down the steps，but it is still much safer than walking across the road w _ all the moving traffic Overhead bridges are very usefulPeople， both old and young，should always use them This will stop accidents from h _ Key:1heavy 2safely（作状语应用副词形式） 3though（此处表让步关系，意为“虽然”） 4use 5why（此处表达“这就是的原因） 6keep 7spent（spend time money in on doing sth意为“花时间金钱做某事”，其中in常省略） 8difficult 9with 10happening（stopfrom doing）意为“阻止防止去做某事”）（2）The population problem may be the 1one of the world today The worlds population is growing 2 Two thousand years ago, there were only 250 million people 3 the earth Four hundred years ago, the number was 4 500 million But at the beginning of the 5century, the worlds population was about 1,700 millionIn 1970, this number was 3,600 million In 1990, the number was five billion A 6 report says that the world population will 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century This is just ten 8 after it 9five billion People say that by the year 2010, 10 may be seven billion 1Agreat Bgreater Cgreatest Dgreating2Afaster and faster Bfast and fastCfastest and fastest Dfaster and fast3Ain Bon Cat Dfor4Anearly Bmore Calmost Dover5Atwenty Btwelve Ctwentieth Dtwelfth6AUSA BUN CPRC DPLA7Apast Bpass Cpassed Dpasses8Aweeks Bmonths Cseasons Dyears9Aget Bgets Creached Dreach10Athis Bits Cone DitKEY: 1C 2A 3B 4D 5C 6B 7B 8D 9C 10D（3）Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful (有害的). Fire can keep your house _1_, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things _2_. Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people. Nobody knows how people began to use fire. But there are _3_. interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is _4_ a man. The man _5_ a very long time ago. He went up the sun and _6_ fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes _7_ to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper. and _8_ it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire. very quickly. So you _9_ be careful with matches. Be careful with fire, and it will _10_ you. But if you arent careful with fire. and it may hurt you. 1. A. warm B. warmer C. cool D. cooler 2. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 3. A. many B. much C. little D. no 4. A. over B. about C. a little D. no 5. A. worked B. studied C. learned D. lived 6. A. bring B. take C. brought D. took 7. A. enjoy B. like C. dont like D. become8. A. after B. late C. yet D. then 9. A. can B. man C. will D. must 10. A. help B. do C. tell D. hope Key: 1C 2C 3D 4C 5A 6B 7D 8A 9B 10D（4）English names and Chinese names are quite different in some 1 ways, but its not hard for us to know Unlike Chinese, most English people have 2 names One is their family name, both of the other names are given names Their family name is 3 the given name They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the 4 name, but they never use 5 with the first name For example, we can 6 a man named James Allan Green Mr Green, 7 we cant call him Mr James or Mr Allan People usually use Jim 8 James Jim is short for James because its 9 to rememberBut Chinese names are the opposite A girl with the name Han Limei 10 her family name Han first Of course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish1Aanother Bother Cothers Dthe others2Aone BtwoCthree Dfour3Aabove BfrontCback Dbehind4Alast Bgiven Cmiddle Dfull5Atheir Bthem Cits Dit6Aask Bsay Ccall Dwrite7AsoBor Cand Dbut8Ainstead of Bfor long Cso far Dnext to9Aimportant Beasy Cdifficult Dinteresting10Aput Bputting Cputs Dwas putKEY: 1B 2C 3D 4A 5B 6C 7D 8A 9B 10C（5）Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the roads 1 of these people are old people and children Old people are often killed because they cant see or 2 very well Children are killed because they are not 3 They forget to look and listen before they 4 the roads A car or a bus cant stop 5 If a car is going very fast, it will travel many metres 6 it stops Some people dont always understand this They think a car can stop 7 a few metres It is difficult to 8 how fast a car is moving The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9 ways, right and left Then if the roads are 10 , you can cross them1AMuch BMost CMore 2Ahear Bto hear Chearing3Acare Bcarefully Ccareful 4Aacross Bcome Ccross5Afast Bquickly Cquick 6Abefore Bwhile Cafter7Ain Bon Cat 8Aknow Blook Clisten9Aall Beach Cboth 10Afull Bempty CbusyKEY: 1B 2A 3C 4C 5B 6A 7A 8A 9C 10B（6）Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the schoolYesterday she came into the 1 with a big smile on her faceShe said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meetingBut 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usualShe hoped they would clean the classroom every day Wei Hua was on 6 yesterdayShe said everyone was at 7 except Lin TaoThen she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last SundayLuckily the weather was 9 They played games and had a picnic thereAfter Wei Hua 10 her talk，Miss Zhao began her lesson 1Ashop BclassroomCpark Doffice 2Astudents Bteachers Cworkers Ddoctors 3Aangry BsorryCglad Dsad 4Ashe BI Cwe Dhe 5Adark BoldClarge Dclean 6Atime BdutyCfoot Dtop 7Ahome Bnoon Cnight Dschool 8Avisit BmusicCclock Dfootball 9Abad BfineCrainy Dwindy 10Astarted BhadCfinished Dgave KEY: 1B 2A 3C 4A 5D 6B 7D 8A 9B 10C（7）When you wave (挥手) to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you mean to be 1 . When you put one finger (手指) in front of your 2 , you mean Be quiet. Yet, people in different countries may use different sign languages. Once an Englishman was in Italy. He could speak 3 Italian. One day while he was walking in the street, he felt 4 and went into a restaurant (餐馆). When the waiter came, the Englishman 5 his mouth, put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved his lips (嘴唇). In this way, he 6 to say, Bring me something to eat. But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 . First tea, then coffee, then milk, but no food. The Englishman was 8 that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry. He was 9 to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach (肚子). And this sign was 10 enough for the waiter. In a few minutes, the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat. At last the Englishman had his meal in the same way.1. A. nice B. friendly C. fine D. well 2. A. eye B. hand C. mouth D. arm3. A. a littleB. fewC. a fewD. a little4. A. hungry B. tired C. sad D. worried 5. A. washed B. opened C. closed D. touched 6. A. dared B. meant C. had D. decided 7. A. eat B. drink C. carry D. play 8. A. happy B. glad C. sorry D. afraid 9. A. quick B. slow C. ready D. quiet 10. A. good B. bad C. bright D. wrong KEY: 1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BBCCA （8）We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of 1 inside. On the way home my wife saw a bookshelf outside a furniture (家具) shop. Buy it, she said at once. Well 2 it home on the roof-rack (车顶架). Ive always wanted one like that. Ten minutes _3_ we were back with the bookshelf. 1 drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The 4 even stopped traffic to let us through.After a rime my wife said, Theres a long line of cars 5 . Why dont they overtake (超车)?Just at that time a police car did overtake, and two officers inside asked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）.One of the officers came to me and said, Do you need any more 7 now? I didnt quite understand. So I said, Youve been very 8 . We live just down the road.He was looking at our things, first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. Well, well, he said and 9 , Its a bookshelf youve got here! We thought it was er, something else.My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood 10 the police drove here.1. A. booksB. flowersC. fruitsD.vegetables2. A. takeB. carryC. sendD. hold3. A. beforeB. afterC. laterD. ago4. A. driversB. policeC. cleanersD. sellers5. A. behindB. beforeC. besideD. back6. A. takeB. followC. moveD. drive7. A. timeB. moneyC. helpD. water8. A. kindB. cleverC. politeD. popular9. A. laughedB. criedC. shoutedD. jumped10. A. how B. whatC. whoD. why KEY: 1-5 BBCBA 6-10 BCAAD（9）Sam had a dog, Its name was Tod. it was very helpful, but it ate too much . So he didnt like it. he wanted to _1_ Tod. He _2_ Tod and put it in a small boat . he rowed(划)the boat to the _3_ of a big river. Just as he _4_ the poor animal into the river, the boat began to go down. _5_ the man and Tod _56_ into the river. Tod was able to swim, _7_ Sam couldnt. The dog bit(咬) the rope(绳子) and broke it . it tried its best to swim to _8_ Sam. The man was saved, so he was very thankful (感激的)to the dog, he didnt want to kill the dog _9_. From the on, he gave the dog as _10_ as it wanted. 1. A. sell B. buy C. beat D. kill 2. A. tied B. pulled C. pushed D. closed 3. A. frontB. foot C. side D. middle 4. A. threw B. carriedC. sent D. brought 5. A. Neither B. Nor C. Each D. Both 6. A. fell B. dropped C. lost D. jumped 7. A. because B. thoughC. but D. when 8. A. kill B. save C. meet D. hit 9. A. no more B. any more C. no longer D. not more 10. A. littleB. few C. many D. much KEY: 1-5 DADAD 6-10 ACBBD（10）There were no classes that afternoon, so Henry went to a _1_ shop near his home. The shop sold many jackets. He looked _2_ them and at last chose a very nice one. He _3_ it on and then told the shopkeeper to put it into a _4_. At that time his friend Bruce came into the shop. They hadnt seen each other for a long time. They were so _5_ to meet again that they forgot _6_ else. Soon they were busy talking on and on happily. It was nearly six oclock, _7_ they decided to go and have dinner together. Henry picked up the bag, and walked _8_ the door of the shop. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the _9_. Henry looked at him in surprise at first, but soon he remember that he hadnt paid for it. He said _10_ ,gave him the money and them left the shop with his friend. 1. A. fruit B. book C. food D. clothing 2. A. up B. forC. after D. at 3. A. put B. tried C. got D. turned 4. A. bag B. cup C. car D. pocket 5. A. worried B. interested C. pleased D. anxious 6. A. nobody B. anybody C. something D. everything 7. A. though B. so C. because D. but 8. A. towards B. through C. out of D. round 9. A. dinner B. bagC. jacket D. ticket 10. A. goodbye B. yes C. hello D. sorry KEY: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D（11）Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school. Yesterday she came into the 1 With a big smile on her face. She said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meeting. But 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usual. She hoped they would clean the classroom every day. Wei Hua was on 6 yesterday. She said everyone was at 7 except Lin Tao. Then she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last Sunday. Luckily the weather was 9 . They played games and had a picnic there. After Wei Hua 10