英语语法倒装句.doc

英语语法倒装句倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1)Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I.典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 答案B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 注意 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -Its raining hard.-So it is.5 only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。注意 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。7 其他部分倒装 1) so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中 May you all be happy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again.典型例题 1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize 答案为B。3)Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 解析答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。完全倒装用法归纳完全倒装，即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。Then came a new difficulty. 这时又产生了一个新的困难。The door opened and in came Mr Li. 门开了，李先生进了来。注：若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如(from )：The door opened and in she came. 门开了，她走了进来。2. 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒状语序。如：Among them was my friend Jim. 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall tree. 湖的四周有些高树。注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Heres Tom. 汤姆在这里。Theres Jim. 吉姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】(from )在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。英语部分倒装用法归纳1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装： I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1) 对于notuntil句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(from )(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：You arent young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：It was cold yesterday. So it was. “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”Father, you promised. Well, so I did. “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”5. 由not onlybut also引出的倒装当not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。倒装练习 1. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion.a. can you b. you can c. would you d. you would2. _ that this region was so rich in natural resources.a. Little he knew b. Little did he knowa. Little he did know d. Little he had known3. Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.a. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought b. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtc. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek d. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek4. Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.a. people have b. since people have c. have people d. people who have5. _, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.a. What may come b. Come what may c. May what come d. What come6. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head.a. that he turned b. did he turn c. he didnt turn d. he had turned 7. _ received law degrees as today.a. Never so women have b. The women arent everc. Women who have never d. Never have so many women8. Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move, _.a. so does a liquid b. so a liquid does c. as does a liquid d. so is a liquid9. On no account _ to anyone.a. my name must be mentioned b. must my name mentionc. must my name be mentioned d. my name must mention10. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.a. Such construction robots are clever b. So clever the construction robots arec. So clever are the construction robots d. Such clever construction robots are11. _ do we go for picnics.a. Certainly b. Sometimes c. Seldom d. Once12. _ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.a. Either b. Often c. Nor d. Usually13. Her answer is not acceptable, and _.a. neither am I b. either is mine c. neither is mine d. mine is neither14. _, I must do another experiment.a. Be it ever so late b. It is ever so latec. It be ever so late d. So late it be ever15. So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.a. light travel b. travels the light c. do light travel d. does light travel16. A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, _ be easily suppressed.a. nor it can b. nor can it c. it cannot d. and cannot it17. _ notebook and report that I promised you last week.a. Here is the b. Here are the c. Is here the d. Are here the18. _ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.a. If he took b. If he has taken c. had he taken d. Should he take19. Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing.a. the earth lay b. the earth lies c. lie the earth d. lies the earth20. _ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.a. At b. By c. Up to d. Not until 21. Hardly _ he got out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.a. had when b. hadthan c. didwhen d. hasthan22. Among these books _ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.a. have included b. is included c. has included d. are included23. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; _ is this more true than in Europe.a. nowhere b. hardly c. little d. seldom24. Important _ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.a. to b. for c. as d. although25. According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.a. there seem to be b. it seems c. it seems to be d. here seems26. Here _ you want to see.a. the manager comes b. comes the managerc. comes a manager d. is coming a manager27. Barry can hardly drive a car, _.a. so cant Molly b. cant Molly either c. Molly cant too d. neither can Molly28. _ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.a. Had not it been b. Had it not been c. There was d. Is there29. _ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.a. Were there b. There are c. There was d. Is there30. Not only _ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.a. the computer can memorize b. can the computer memorize c. do the computer memorize d. can memorize the computer31. Not once _ his view of life.a. did the gentleman mention b. the gentleman mentioned thatc. the gentleman mentioned d. does gentleman mentioned32. By no means _ their own language well.a. it is true that all English people know b. is it true that do all English people knowc. it is true that do all English people knowd. is it true that all English people know33. The molecules of gases move more freely than _.a. do liquids and solids b. liquids and solids doc. do those of liquids and solids d. those do of liquids and solids34. The worlds birth rates are on a decline and _ are the death rates.a. so b. also c. too d. the same35. _ is the volume of chemical goods.a. Constantly growing too b. Too constantly growingc. Growing constant to d. Too growing constant36. Many a time _ me with my English study.a. have he helped b. has he helped c. he have helped d. did he have helped37. Typical of the new type of young people _, who set a shining example to the whole nation.a. was Lei Feng b. Were Lei Feng c. Lei Feng was d. Lei Feng were38. What Mr. Smith did was important , but _. a. more important the way of he did things wasb. the way of he did things was more importantc. more important was the way he did thingsd. more important the way were he did things39. She didnt want to buy it, _.a. however good was it b. however good it wasc. for how good might it be d. for how good it might be40. _ , it is always possible to find out its volume.a. Whatever the shape of a body may beb. The shape of a body may be whateverc. May whatever the shape of a body bed. Whatever may the shape of a body be41. I wont pay $20 for the coat; its not worth _.a. all that much b. that m