完形填空、短文填词和写作.docx

完形填空、写作复习一、 完形填空1、 完形填空解题技巧(1) 利用首句信息完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，且首句往往不设空，通常是个完整的句子。因此要注重细读首句，并据此来判断文章的体裁，题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事发生的人物、地点、时间、气氛等多方面的特征。(2) 利用前后暗示从对历届考题的研究情况来看，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的某些填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往后看，就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。(3) 利用逻辑推理考生必须把握作者的思路，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合，以达到理解全文、解决问题的目的。(4) 利用语境因素文章是一个具有内在联系的整体,而上下文则是营造语境的基础,也是逻辑推理的依据.通读全文,理顺大意,根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。(5) 利用语法分析做题时应充分利用平时所学的语法及词汇,名词的可数与不可数,动词的及物与不及物以及句子结构等知识。(6) 利用文化背景和生活常识做题时可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常，并注意中西方文化方面存在的差异将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章的选出正确的答案。(7) 利用习惯用法和词语辨析知识习惯用法是英语中固定的结构,是不能随意改的.平时学习中应注意积累及掌握好习惯用法.同时,应多注意词语辨析及词语搭配,要培养在特定语境中灵活运用词语的能力.2、 完形填空例题解析（2012年全国高考英语试卷）：After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. All went 38 that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen. 40 , I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘)。Before I knew it, the 41 was full of people. I moved slowly, 42 every step. I remember how 43 I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables, it looked different from the one I was 44 on. It had nice handles (手柄)，which made it 45 to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to 46 I was a natural at this job. Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved _47 you work. It seems your tray stand has been very 48 to you, but we are getting ready to 49 now, and my wife needs her 50 back.” At first his 51 did not get across. “What was he talking about!” Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wifes orthopedic walker (助步器). I stood frozen as ice, but my face was 52 . I wanted to get into a hole and 53 .Since then, I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just 54 , I have learned to be more 55 and not to be too sure of myself. 36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress【标准答案】D。【试题解析】前文说在饭店找到一份工作，后文出现了carry the heavy trays (托盘)，可以可知“我”是在和有经验的服务员一起干。【高考考点】名词词义辨析。37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised【标准答案】C。【试题解析】该句前面提到跟随一位有经验的服务员干了几天，所以就允许自己独自为顾客服务了。其它几个动词不符合语境意思。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong【标准答案】A。【试题解析】从下文来看，周日那几天All went well that first week.“一切都很顺利。”只是在周末出了一点小状况。【高考考点】副词词义辨析。39 A. left B. given C. brought D. shown【标准答案】B。 【试题解析】题意是“周六晚上，我有幸被给机会在离厨房不远的一张桌子边服务。”所以应用give，其它几个动词不合题意。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。40. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally【标准答案】B。【试题解析】从下文的I still felt a little hard可知尽管我给了这样一个机会，但感到有点困难，语意转折了，故用however然而。therefore因此；otherwise否则；finally最后，这几个词不合语意。【高考考点】副词词义辨析。词的用法。41. A. kitchen B. street C. restaurant D. table【标准答案】C。【试题解析】既然是在饭店里当服务员，自然是饭店挤满了顾客，不会在其它地方挤满顾客。【高考考点】名词词义辨析。42. A. minding B. changing C. taking D. saving【标准答案】A。【试题解析】前文提到饭店里挤满了顾客，所以自己要慢慢移动步子，“留意，当心”每一步。mind有“注意，留心”之意。其余几个不合语意。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。43. A. angry B. calm C. sad D. happy【标准答案】D。【试题解析】从空后的内容可知，当时看到的托盘与培训的不一样，有一个漂亮的手柄，很好使，所以感到很高兴。【高考考点】形容词词义辨析。44. A. fixed B. trained C. loaded D. waited【标准答案】B。【试题解析】fix安装；train接受训练；load装载；wait等候。正式上岗前要经过学习培训，所以答案应为选项B。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。45. A. slower B. lighter C. quieter D. easier【标准答案】D。【试题解析】正式的托盘与训练的不一样，很容易转动，故选D项。【高考考点】形容词词义辨析。46. A. believe B. agree C. regret D. pretend【标准答案】A。【试题解析】前文说自己对店里的东西一切都很满意，所以相信自己能自然而然地干好自己的工作，故选A项。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。47. A. letting B. making C. watching D. having【标准答案】C。【试题解析】句意是“我和妻子爱看你工作。”其它三个是使役动词，意为“让，使”，不合语意。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。48. A. useful B. familiar C. unusual D. interesting【标准答案】A。【试题解析】useful有用的；familiar熟悉的；unusual不普通的；interesting有趣的。 句意是“好像你的托盘对你很有用。”【高考考点】形容词词义辨析。49. A. rest B. order C. eat D. leave【标准答案】D。【试题解析】题意是“我们（就餐完了）要离开了。”故选D项。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。50. A. bag B. walker C. tray D. coat【标准答案】C。【试题解析】该句前部分出现了tray stand可知他们是想拿回“我”误拿的托盘（助步器的托盘）。【高考考点】名词词义辨析。51. A. idea B. praise C. message D. need【标准答案】C。【试题解析】idea想法；praise称赞，表扬；message信息；need需要的东西。题意是“起初我没有明白他表达的意思。”故正确答案为选项C。【高考考点】名词词义辨析。52. A. cold B. full of joy C. pale D. on fire【标准答案】D。【试题解析】cold冷；full of joy高兴；pale苍白的；on fire着火。题意是“我像冰人一样站在那儿傻眼了，（因为做错了事）脸变得通红，像着了火一样。【高考考点】形容词词义辨析。53. A. lie B. hide C. defend D. stay【标准答案】B。【试题解析】从该句前部分I wanted to get into a hole可知自己当时因遇而真想找个洞藏起来，故选B项。其余选项与语意不符。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。54. A. repeated B. discovered C. corrected D. described【标准答案】D。【试题解析】repeat重说；discover发现；correct改正；describe。纵观全文，作者在描述她以前亲身经历的尴尬的事情，故选D。【高考考点】动词词义辨析。55. A. careful B. patient C. honest D. practical【标准答案】A。【试题解析】从作者所描述的内容可知，她的那次失误是因为自己不仔细造成的，所以她要从错误中吸取教训，认真做事，不要对自己太自信。故选A，其它选项不合语意。【高考考点】形容词词义辨析。3、 实战演练In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago. The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is:Never 42 your own senses.Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknown world invisible(无形的)to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeenyearold girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 , ”the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I havent gone near science since. ”36. A. art B. history C. science D. math37. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch39. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to40. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult41. A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken42. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show43. A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman44. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served45. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed篇章解析：语篇解读作者在文中提到了一位女性, 年轻时, 由于她的老师运用了不当的教学方法, 使她对科学永远失去了兴趣, 通过这件事, 警示我们教育的意义之重大, 所以我们一定要关注教学方法, 它是人们成功的关键。长难句He saw himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting voyage into an unknown world invisible(无形的)to the eye, which can be discovered only through scientific methods. 也许他认为自己在引导学生们开始一次令人兴奋的航行, 这次航行将驶入一个对学生们来说未知的、肉眼看不到的世界, 而这个世界只能通过科学的方法来找到。此句中副词perhaps位于词组之间, 使句型结构看起来复杂;see. . . as. . . 把看作;名词world后有形容词短语invisible to the eye作后置定语及定语从句which can be discovered only through scientific methods, 增加了理解的难度。36. A. art B. history C. science D. math答案：C解析：由第二段倒数第二句You have just_an important lesson about science及后文几次提到的science一词, 可知此处应为science course。37. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into答案：D解析：由本段后文他把一个坛子置于讲台上, 可知此句为教授走进教室。38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch答案：B解析：由本段后文After_shouts of wildly wrong guesses可知此句指让学生猜测。39. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to答案：D解析：本段前文讲教授要求学生猜测豆子的数目, 此句应为教授听完学生们的回答。40. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult答案：C解析：本段前文讲学生们喊出错答案：, 那么教授给出的就是正确答案：了。41. A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken答案：A解析：这里的主语you指当时还是学生的那位女子及其同学们, 所以应为学习(learn)了重要的一课 。42. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show答案：B解析：由前文学生们根据视觉判断豆子的数量, 结果错了, 可知此处为教授教育学生在科学方面不要相信自己的感觉。43. A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman答案：D解析：文中只提到教授和那位女子, 既然能猜出教授心里怎么想的, 当然主语指那位女子。44. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served答案：C解析：文中说教授以为自己在引导学生们开始了航行, 驶入未知世界, 设空处译为认为、看待, 空后还有关键词as, 构成短语see sb. /sth. as, 类似于regard sb. /sth. as。45. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush答案：A解析：这里用驶入未知世界的航行来比喻对知识领域的探索。A项为航行;B项为运动、活动;C项为变化;D项为猛冲;故A项航行接近文意。46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light答案：B解析：前文第二段第一句话让学生们看着坛子去猜测, 结果猜错了, 所以这里(invisible to the eye)应为肉眼看不见的。47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods答案：D解析：前文第二段最后一句提到自己的感觉, 而感觉是判断事物的一种办法, 所以根据教授的观点, 只有用科学的办法才能准确判断事物。48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse答案：A解析：小女孩是学生, 学生应该(不)接受或(没)听懂教授的所授内容, 而B、C、D项与文中的invitation 搭配不符合文意, 所以答案：为A。49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting答案：B解析：前句提到17岁的女孩, 强调年龄小, 所以此句表示小女孩才刚刚开始理解这个世界。50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained答案：A解析：她认为她的亲身体验就是真实的, 这是小女孩的观点, believe(认为)可用来指个人观点。51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth答案：D解析：A项为生长;B项为力气;C项为信任, 忠实;D项为事实, 真理。此句译为:小女孩认为她的亲身体验就是真实的。52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable答案：C解析：根据前文第二段可知教授认为那是错误的。53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection答案：B解析：这里指教授夺去了小女孩的认知方法, 而B 项tool有方法之意。54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave答案：C解析：文中说教授的教学方法使小女孩失去了对科学的兴趣, 所以小女孩感到悲观和害怕。55. A. dropped B. started C.