2016年职称英语卫生类A级考试试卷及答案.doc

2016年职称英语卫生类a级考试试卷及答案【试题一】chinese is written in characters. how many characters are there? an 51 person can probably recognize more than 6, 000 characters while the most common computer encoding system in taiwan and hong kong includes 52 13, 000 characters, and the 53 system in china includes about 6, 500 characters. however, 54 chinese words are generally composed of two characters, only a few thousand characters can be used to understand many tens or 55 hundreds of thousands of words. 56 knowledge of 2 or 3 thousand is good enough for use of communication in chinese. chinese characters are often 57 for being overly complex relative to other 58 systems. one reason for the added complexity is the different information content of the characters. roman letter give relatively precise information on pronunciation, but 59 information on meaning. in 60 , chinese characters give less precise (and sometimes no) pronunciation information, but 61 give information on meaning. however, learning chinese characters is not as difficult as one would 62 firstly, because the majority of chinese characters are phonetic(语音) complexes, learning to 63 them is not so difficult. secondly, because all characters are derived 64 a couple hundred simple pictographs(象形文字)and ideographs(表意文字) in ways that are usually quite 65 and easy to remember, learning to recognize and write them is not that hard either.51. a. existed b. educated c. advanced d. analyzed52. a. above b. about c. abroad d. aboard53. a. correction b. symbol c. criteria d. standard54. a. though b. although c. since d. even55. a. even b. only c. rather d. also56. a. moreover b. however c. and d. thus57. a. praised b. acknowledged c. criticized d. appreciated58. a. spoken b. writing c. written d. oral59. a. much b. more c. less d. lots60. a. contrast b. addition c. return d. abstract61. a. not b. did c. then d. do62. a. think b. tell c. consider d. see63. a. pronounce b. sound c. utter d. say64. a. among b. from c. of d. between65. a. reasonable b. available c. logical d. sensible参考答案:51. b 52. b 53. d 54. c 55. a 56. d 57. c 58. b 59. c 60. a 61. d 62. a 63. a 64. b 65. c【试题二】have you ever gone to a concert and realized that your seats were right next to the booming speakers? are you guilty_ (1).turning up the volume on your portable cassette or cd player to drown out the whining(哭哭啼啼)of your little brother? sometimes its difficult to avoid loud music or noises，but they can be bad news because loud noises can_ (2)temporary or permanent hearing loss.extremely loud music and noises that go on for long periods of _ (3) are common causes of deafness.if a noise is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself_ (4)，there is a _ (5)that the mechanism inside your ear can be injured temporary hearing loss can happen after youve been _ (6)to loud noise for only 1 minutes.if you have temporary hearing loss.you wont be able to hear as _ (7) as you normally can，and you may have tinnitus (耳鸣)，which is a fancy word for ringing in the ears.your ears call feel“full”，too _ (8) these things usually go away and your hearing soon returns to normal.permanent hearing loss can happen when，someone is exposed to loud noise_ (9)and over.construction workers and people who work in factories must_10)ear protectors because the equipment they use can be extremely loud.but even some lawn mowers(割草机)and power tools can permanently _ (11) a persons ability to hear high-pitched noises and can also give him permanent tinnitus.listening to extremely loud music over and over call also have the same effect on a persons _ (12).and using headphones on a portable cassette or cd player can be dangerous _ (13)if the volume is too high and the headphones are used a lot，the noise can damage the ears.the best way to avoid hearing loss is to wear eat protectors when working with machinery and earplugs when going to a_ (14).headphones are ok to wear when youre listening to music;just be sure the volume isnt too high，and give them a rest _(15) once in a while.练习：1 a of b for c at d on2 a have b take c cause d tap3 a course b length c state d time4 a heard b appreciated c tracked d welcomed5 a luck b point c chance d sense6 a exposed b expressedc carried d reflected7 a good b well c regularly d stable8 a unfortunately b accordingly c luckily d unexpectedly9 a over b once c again d away10 a hear b bear c wear d tear11 a affect b effect c enforce d present12 a scope b attitude c survey d hearing13 a whereas b although c because d unless14 a concert b factory c meting d mall15 a each b every c all d for参考答案：1 a 2 c3 d 4 a 5 c 6 a 7 b8 c9 a 10 c11 a12 d13 c 14 a15 b2016年职称英语卫生类a级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.with immense relief, i stopped running.a some b enormous c little d extensive2.the scientists began to accumulate data.a collect b handle c analyze d investigate3.jack eventually overtook the last truck.a hit b passed c reached d led4.sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.a possible b profitable c easy d wise5.the reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.a fact b mystery c statement d game6.that guy is really witty.a smart b ugly c honorable d popular7.the world champion suffered a sensational defeat.a reasonable b dramatic c humiliating d horrifying8.it seems that only mary is eligible for the job.a prepared b trained c qualified d guided9.this poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the south.a praises b writes c imitates d describes10.the meaning is still obscure.a vague b transparent c alien d significant11.dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.a destroy b decrease c delay d pollute12.one theory postulates that the ancient filipinos came from india and persia.a assumes b expects c predicts d considers13.it is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.a remember b follow c understand d learn14.i hope that i didnt do anything absurd last night.a awkward b strange c stupid d awful15.there should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.a forbid b advocate c inherit d withdraw参考答案：1 b 2 a 3 b 4 d 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 c 9 d 10 a 11 d 12 a 13 b 14 c 15 a第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。sleep problems plague the older setolder americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest. its a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的)part of aging，” saiddr. harrison g. bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学)and medicine at the mount sinai school of medicine in new york city. “ its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.，yet, in a study published recently in the american journal of medicine, researchers found that more than half of older americans have problems getting the sleep they need.older people tend to have “ sleep fragmentation，” meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author dr. julie gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of geriatric medicine at st. louis university.they also seem to get less “rem” sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, bloom added.its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a persons quality of life, bloom said. “what is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，” he said.and, experts say, there is usually more than one cause.“sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,” said michael v. vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the university of washingtons northwest geriatric education center.taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and “hypersomnia，” or being tired all the time, bloom added.another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. “those are very commonly associated with sleep problems. ”despite the prevalence (流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients arentgetting the help they need. as a result, problems like insomnia (失眠)，restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, bloom said.16 sleep problems can seriously affect one，s quality of life.a right b wrong c not mentioned17 it is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.a right b wrong c not mentioned18 younger people in america seldom complain of sleep disorders.a right b wrong c not mentioned19 the number of older americans with sleep problems is not small.a right b wrong c not mentioned20 “sleep fragmentation” refers to a marked lack of “rem” sleep.a right b wrong c not mentioned21 the causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.a right b wrong c not mentioned22 actions will soon be taken in america to better help people with sleep problems.a right b wrong c not mentioned答案及解析：16 a短文的第一段第二句说，睡眠问题是一个重大的生活质量问题。显然，睡不好觉，会严重影响一个人的生活质量。17 b短文的第一段第二句又说，老年人所需要的睡眠时间与年轻成年者没有什么区别。18 c短文通篇谈的是老年人的睡眠问题，没有提及年轻人是否抱怨有睡眠障碍。19 a短文的第三段说，研究者发现有超过半数的美国老年人有睡眠问题。20 b短文的第四段对sleep fragmentation进行了解释，它与rem sleep无关，指的是夜间经常醒来。21 b短文&第八段对老年人睡眠问题的起因进行了分析，主要与各种急、慢性病相关。22 c短文没有提及美国是否很快会采取行动帮助老年人解决睡眠问题。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段，每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。depression and the elderly1 we all feel sad at times. however, clinical depression is a serious matter. clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects ones thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. when people complain that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping,lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility.2 depression in its many forms affects more than 6. 5 million of the 35 million americans who are 65 years or older. most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作)of the illness during much of their lives. for others, depression has a first onset (起病)in late life _ even for those in their 80s and 90s. depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family.3 many older people and their families dont recognize the symptoms of depression, arent aware that it is a medical illness, and dont know how it is treated. others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆) also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized (给 带来耻辱)，so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (羞耻的)to get help. others worry that treatment would be too costly.4 older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (死亡率) the highest rate of suicide in the us is among older white men.depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. tragically,many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help 20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week they die，and 70% in the month they die. yet depression is frequently missed.23.paragraph 124.paragraph 225.paragraph 326.paragraph 4a how common is depression in later life?b what is depression?c what relieves depression in older people?d why does depression in older people often go untreated?e can depression in older people be treated?f what are the consequences of untreated depression in older people?27.clinical depression is different from .28.depression in older people is strongly linked with .29.depression is regarded by many older people as .30.many older people commit suicide as a result of . a a character flawb normal sadness and griefc a definite possibilityd dependency and disabilitye a significant risk factorf unrecognized and untreated depression答案及解析：b短文的第一段主要是对depression词从临床的角度进行了定义，称其为一种生理学上的大脑疾病，会影响人的思想、感情、行为以及身体健康。a短文的第二段主要讲老年人患各种形式的depression的比例。d短文的第三段主要讲的是：人们或出于无知，或出于羞耻感，或出于经济原因等而对depression不予以治疗。f短文的第四段主要讲的是：depression若不能得到及时的治疗，会造成自杀或者是非自杀性死亡的后果。b第一段的头两句讲到，expression不同于一般的悲痛。d第二段的最后一句说到，老年人是否患depression，其实与他们的依赖性和残疾有很大关系。a第三段的第三句讲到，许多老年人将depression视为性格缺陷。f第四段的第二句说到，不少老年人由于不知道自己得了 depression这种病或者是由于患了这种病却没有得到治疗而自杀。第4部分：阅读理解(第si45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 iq-genein the angry debate over how much of iq comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked ： no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence.so researchers led by robert plomin of londons institute of psychiatry decided to look for some. they figured that if you want to find a “smart gene， you should look in smart kids.they therefore examined the dna of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early _ and still score at princeton-caliber levels. thescientists found what they sought. “we have，says plomin, “the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence. ”plomins colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around cleveland. in one group, the average iq is 103. all the children are white. isolating the blood cells，the researchers then examined each childschromosome 6. of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out： a form of gene called igf2r occurred in twice as many children in the high-iq group as in the average group _ 32 percent versus 16 percent. the study, in the may issue of the journal psychological science，concludes that it is this form of the igf2r gene that contributes to intelligence.some geneticists see major problems with the iq-gene study. one is the possibility that plomins group fell for “chopsticks fallacy”. geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all theyve really found is a gene more common in asians than, say, africans. similarly, plomins iq gene might simply be one that is more common ingroups that emphasize academic achievement. “what is the gene that theyve found reflects ethnicity?” asks geneticist andrew feinberg of johns hopkins university. “that alone might explain the link to intelligence, since iq tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a childs environment. ” and neil risch of standford university points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. warns feinberg： “i would take these findings with a whole box of salt. ”31.in the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agreea how much of iq comes from intelligence.b how many children inherit genes from parents.c how much of iq comes from genes.d how many children learn by experience.32.what does “some” in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for?a parents. b children.c experiences. d genes.33.a gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to bea unrelated to the ability to use chopsticks.b related to the ability to use chopsticks.c unrelated to the ability to use forks.d related to the ability to use forks.34.plomins iq-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in thata there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligence.b there is a close correlation between gene and intelligence.c there may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academicscore.d there is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academicscore.35.what does feinberg mean by saying “ i would take these findings with a whole box of salt?a he would consider them while eating his meals.b he definitely believes the findings.c he would consider them while shopping for salt.d he doubts the findings very much.第二篇 mental retardation (智力迟纯)mental retardation is a condition in which people have lower than normal intelligence and are unable to function at the level expected for their age. people with mental retardation are usually born with it, or it develops early in their life. they may also have some difficulty withdaily living skills such as learning to read and write and caring for themselves.doctors and other professionals determine that a person has mental retardation based on their intelligence and how well they can do everyday activities. intelligence is the ability to learn and understand. levels of intelligence are measured by special tests called intelligence tests. the score a person gets on one of these tests gives a numerical (数字的)measure of a persons intellig