备战2018年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题15短文改错含解析.docx

专题15 短文改错1. It was really a nice experience. If youd like to make trip to our city some day.【错因分析】有些考生认为，experience可以作不可数名词，前面不用不定冠词，于是误将a nice experience中的不定冠词a去掉。【试题解析】experience前面有形容词nice修饰，故不能去掉a，而make a trip to.是英语中的固定搭配，意为去某地旅行。【参考答案】在trip前加a。2. His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time, so he went to the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some.【错因分析】容易将第一个the改为a。有些考生认为，在文章中，doctor在此为第一次出现，前面用不定冠词，结果误改答案。【参考答案】将a help中的a去掉。英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。如：1. As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. （famous前加a）2. We may be one family and live under a same roof, but.（a改为the）3. On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.（a改为the）4. I hope youve had pleasant journey home （had后加a）We are planning a small party for the next Sunday. There, Katia.【答案】去掉the。The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.【错因分析】容易改medicine为medicines。有些考生认为medicine可作可数名词，看到前面有some修饰，于是误改medicine为medicines。【试题解析】medicine既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，作可数名词时以为多种药，而作不可数名词时意为药。此处指医生给病人药，属于不可数名词，不能改medicine为medicines。medicine既然是不可数名词，那么应该改them为it。【参考答案】改them为it。1. 女性代词指代男性或相反；2. 单数指代复数；3. 代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。如：1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his改为their)2. I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (whos改为whose)3. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.（them改为us）4. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.（me改为myself）5. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.（showed后加it）6. Some students may also save up for our college or future use.（our改为their）7. I took it in me and we walked. （me改为mine）Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.【解析】因为这里的its指代车票，owner指车票的主人。【答案】改his为its/the。Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us the wonderful meals.【解析】根据英语provide的句型provide sth for sb 相当于provide sb with sth可知，句子中应该加介词with。【答案】在第二个us后面加with。介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk, serve, wait等。如：1. We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.（去掉about）2. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉at）3. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.（去掉was后的in）4. Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.（with改为about）5. I am writing to thank you with your kind help. （with改为for）6. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. （glass后加in）7. Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. （each后加of）Tom . in the morning and was always late with work.【解析】be late for是英语中的习惯短语，意为做迟到。【答案】改with为forIts been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.【参考答案】改after为since。andbutor误用及前后不一致主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。However与although/though不能同时出现改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。如：1. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.（but改为and）2. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.（and改为or）3. The food was expensive and the service was good.（and改为but）4. I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.（but改为and）5. We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改为visited）6. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改为read）从句连词句子结构方面的错误主要涉及到句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题时从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。平行结构常使用等立连词and, but, or或连词词组not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor遵循就近原则。主语+With, together with, as well as, besides动词与主语一致and，but, or, also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）如：1. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.（noon后加when）2. I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.（that改为why）3. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.（去掉that前的in）4. What things are in other homes, I wonder.（What改为How）5. Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.（去掉if）6. They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.（去掉that）His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for help.【解析】后面句子是前一句的结果，因此改but为so。有些考生没能理解前后句子间的关系，误以为后面的句子是原因，从而将【答案】改but为so.that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day. However, my father had to return to.【参考答案】改day为days(1) 根据名词前的修饰限定成份；(2) 根据上下文的逻辑关系。如：1. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2. After class we become stranger at once.（stranger改为strangers）3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject. （subject改为subjects）4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.（picture改为pictures）5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.（advantage改为advantages）6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas改为idea）7. I looked at his other hands. （hands改为hand）1. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning.【解析】在have trouble in doing sth. 中，介词in可省略，因此是否有in不影响句子正误。此处的关键在于trouble是不可数名词，意为麻烦，没有复数形式，所以正确答案应改troubles为trouble。有些考生认为，have trouble in doing sth. 是英语习惯句型，于是误在getting前面加介词in。【答案】改troubles为trouble。2. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.【解析】根据上下文可知，这里指的家庭并不是同一个家庭，而是我们各自的家庭，应用复数形式。【答案】改family为families。He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.【参考答案】改properly为proper。主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。如：1. I would describe myself as shy and quietly.（quietly改为quiet）2. There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.（person改为personal）3. Finding information on the Net is easily.（easily改为easy）4. So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.（as改为than）5. My pronunciation was terribly .（terribly改为terrible）6. They came back lately and had some tea.（lately改为late）1. My brother was so much fond of the museums there.【解析】fond是形容词，不能用much修饰，应该去掉much。【答案】去掉much。2. If youd like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.【解析】此句中，more than修饰形容词happy，意为非常。【答案】改better为more。However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.【参考答案】改fly为flew。1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。如：1. Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.（allow改为allows）2. My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make前加to）3. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.（talk改为talking）4. We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改为visited）5. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（去掉to）1. The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off.【解析】wake up.表示前面动作的自然结果，于是改wake为waking。有些考生认为，wake up.表示前面动作的结果，于是在wake前面加so，造成答案错误。【答案】改wake为waking2. Boss,he said, that medicine really works!Im pleasing to hear it, said his boss, but where were you yesterday?【解析】表示主语的心理状态，please用过去分词形式，be pleased to do （乐意做）为固定搭配。【答案】改pleasing为pleased。3. Ive soon got used to live without my parents around.【解析】be/become/get used to后面接动词-ing形式，表示习惯于做。【答案】改live为living。That I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.【参考答案】ThatWhat句法型错误包括：主谓一致；各种从句的引导词；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。句法型错误1. 主谓一致对主谓一致的考查主要根据语法、意义、就近、就远等一致原则，判断人称和数是否与主语保持一致。常考点如下：(1)由or，nor，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则；(2)当主语是A with/together with/as well as/including/.B时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定，遵循就远原则；(3)动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；(4)half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数of名词作主语时，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致；(5)a quantity of/quantities of后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词，其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。2. 连接词连接词主要包括名词性从句中的连接词，定语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等的考查。3. 句子成分赘余句子成分赘余一般有如下几种类型：(1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；(2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；(3)介词多余；(4)助动词、系动词多余；(5)多冠词；(6)定语从句中成分重复；(7)程度副词和频率副词，如much，more，often等的多余；(8)小品词to多余等。4. 缺词错误缺词现象常见的有：(1)缺系动词；(2)缺介词；(3)缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；(4)在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；(5)缺连接词；(6)缺否定词；(7)缺不定式符号to等。1. Today, I am going to talk with (about) what you should do when a fire alarm go off.【解析】该句的主语为a fire alarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。【答案】gogoes2. People would like to take part in this contest should go to the office of the Students Union and sign up.We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.【试题解析】连词前后两句话为顺承关系。【参考答案】butand注意把握前后文的逻辑关系是解答此类题的关键。表示顺承关系常用连词and；表示转折关系常用连词but或有时用副词however；表示因果关系常用so或therefore等。 行文逻辑错误主要指根据语境判断上下文的衔接错误，以及before与after，since等的使用错误。如果是并列句，要注意根据语境判断句子之间是转折、并列、递进、还是让步关系，从而选择正确的连词。1. If you notice that when someone is missing and (or) hurt, tell your teacher immediately.【答案】去掉when2. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.【解析】want作想要做某事讲时后接带to的不定式。【答案】wanted后加toPassage 1假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线()，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Tim,I am Li Hua. This is my last year of high school, and Ill graduate this summer. Im eighteen year old.There is three people in my family and Im the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families. My father work in a factory and my mother is a teacher. We lived a happy life together.Im cheerful boy. Besides my courses, I have much hobbies, like playing football, basketball and swimming. In the past, I collected in a lot of stamps, which are very preciously now because we seldom post a letter nowadays. I wonder if you can tell me something about myself, your family and daily school.Best wishes,Li Hua【答案】Dear Tim,I am Li Hua. This is my last year of high school, and Ill graduate this summer. Im eighteen old.There three people in my family and Im the only one child, is very common in Chinese families.My father in a factory and my mother is a teacher. We a happy life together.Im cheerful boy.Besides my courses, I have hobbies, like playing football, basketball and swimming. In the past, I collected a lot of stamps, which are very now because we seldom post a letter nowadays. I wonder if you can tell me something about, your family and daily school.Best wishes,Li HuaPassage 2【2017新课标I】短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, Speed up! Slow down! Turning left! I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.【答案】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。1. eighteen改为eighteenth【解析】考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为十八，十八个，表示数量，eighteenth表示第十八个的，故将eighteen改为eighteenth。2. first前加the或my【解析】考查冠词。句意：我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示我（学驾照）的第一天。故在first前加the或my。6. Turning改为Turn【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话加速，减速，左转都是祈使句，根据前文Speed up! Slow down!也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning改为Turn。7. much去掉【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so.that表示如此以至于，much为多余成分。故将much去掉。8. late改为later【解析】考查副词。做形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.（他们的截止日期很迟.我们的更迟.）做副词的时候，late是迟的意思，later是稍后、随后的意思。句意：几分钟之后。故将late改为later。9. suddenly改为sudden【解析】考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示意外地，忽然地。sudden为形容词，表示突然的；迅速的。a sudden stop表示急刹车。故将suddenly改为sudden。10. on改为of【解析】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示在路中间急刹车，on the road表示在路上，the middle of the road表示路的中央，强调的是the middle。故将on改为of。Passage 3Travelled abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting. When you invited, it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation, either by writing or by telephoning. If you go to the party, it is polite to reach on time. It is good manners to shake hand with your host. You can take a present if you like, possibly a bottle of wine, a box of chocolates and some flowers. However, it was not bad manners to take nothing. It is not polite to stay too late before the other guests have gone. Also, it is suggested to write or telephone a day or two late to thank your host.【答案】 abroad，you should follow the customs of the country you are visiting. When you invited, it is good manners to refuse or accept invitation, either by writing or by telephoning. If you go to the party, it is polite to on time. It is good manners to shake with your host.You can take a present if you like, possibly a bottle of wine, a box of chocolates some flowers. However, it not bad manners to take nothing. It is not polite to stay too late the other guests have gone. Also, it is suggested to write or telephone a day or two to thank your host. Passage 4Last summer I went to Xian with my parents. We had visited many places of interest as the temperature was over 38 . Finally we climbed Mount Hua. It is very high and steep. We had to be careful in case we might fall off the cliff. It took us six hour to get to the summit. How beautiful scenery it was! You could see many mountains and rivers in distance. In the night we stayed in a cave hotel. I couldnt go to asleep because the wind was blowing heavily. I am afraid the mountain would break down. The next morning we got up early in order to see the sun rise from the east. The sun was very big and red. How exciting we were!【答案】Last summer I went to Xian with my parents. We visited many places of interest the temperature was over 38 . Finally we climbed Mount Hua. It is very high and steep. We had to be careful in case we might fall off the cliff. It took us six to get to the summit. beautiful scenery it was! could see many mountains and rivers in distance. In the night we stayed in a cave hotel. I couldnt go to because the wind was blowing heavily. I afraid the mountain would break down. The next morning we got up early in order to see the sun rise the east. The sun was very big and red. How we were!Passage 5【2017新课标II】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables!【答案】文章大意：考查记叙文，本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。1. all改为both【解析】考查both和all的用法，both的主语是两个，而all的主语是三个或者三个以上，故将all改为both。2. a改为an或one【解析】考查冠词，因为hour音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a改为an或者one。3. interesting改为interested【解析】考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting的主语是物，故将interesting改为interested。4. that改为which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。5. earlier改为early【解析】考查副词，earlier是形容词比较级，不能修饰动词get up，故将earlier改为early。10. invite改为to invite【解析】考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将invite前加上to。Passage 6【2017新课标III】短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time, car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kings of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.【答案】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，回忆了作者以前的故事。1. of 【解析】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。2. hadhave【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时。3. andbut【解析】考查连词。固定短语：not onlybut also不但而且4. tooktaken【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。9. latelatest【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。10. yourmy【解析】考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。Passage 7Dear David,I have been expected to travel to the UK. Thus, I can experience the English Culture personal. Im writing to ask for some advices. My family plan to travel there during a coming winter vacation. We were to spend a week in London, where is a large city, and this is the first time for us to travel abroa