2018版高考英语复习基础知识考点Units1~2考点突破练新人教版选修.docx

Units 12 .阅读理解AIn the United States of America，the legal voting age is 18 years.Though some Americans have expressed interest in raising the voting age，saying that these important decisions should not be left in the hands of a teenager，I disagree.I believe that those who are 18 years old are ready to take on the responsibility for voting.We all know that in the United States，18 is the age when an individual is considered an adult by the government.Being an adult in the eyes of the law is quite different than simply being a juvenilePunishments for illegal activities become much heavier.Additionally，at 18，an individual can join the army without receiving permission from his parents to do so.So，when a citizen turns 18，the politics of the country start affecting him in a completely different way.It is unfair to let one lead a severer lifestyle and not allow him any choice in the matter.Furthermore，by allowing a teenager to vote，we are helping to ensure that he will become more politically minded at a younger age.I didnt care at all about the politics of my country when I couldnt vote.As I couldnt do anything about the politics at the time，I couldnt see why I should care.It wasnt until I turned 18 years of age that I started actively trying to understand who ran my government and the way in which it was governed.By allowing 18-year-olds to vote，we are getting them engaged in the world of politics much sooner.In addition，teenagers today are much smarter than we think.Todays society is much more technologically advanced than it was in the past.Teenagers have access to all kinds of information through the Internet and their smartphones.So，teenagers have enough knowledge to make good decisions.Therefore，I think 18 is indeed a proper age to make important political decisions and those who are 18 should be allowed to make important decisions that will affect their nation.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。有人认为应该提高美国的选举年龄，作者对此表示反对。1The underlined word “juvenile” in Paragraph 2 probably means_Achild Bsoldier Cteenager Dcriminal答案C词义猜测题。根据本句中的than可知，这里是与本句开头的adult作对比。根据常识可知，18岁正是从“青少年”向“成年”过渡的年龄。由此可推测，这里指成年人承担的法律责任和义务都与“青少年”大不相同。2When reaching 18，the author_Aloved his country more than beforeBchanged his attitude towards politicsCworked in a governmental institutionDcalled for a reduction in the voting age答案B细节理解题。根据第三段中的I didnt care at all about the politics of my country when I couldnt vote.It wasnt until I turned 18 years of age that I started actively trying to understand who ran my government and the way in which it was governed可以看出，作者18岁以后改变了自己对政治的态度，从漠不关心到积极参与。3The author believes “teenagers today are much smarter than we think” because they_Aare quick-mindedBare well-informedCcan use modern technologies on their ownDcan act according to changing circumstances答案B推理判断题。根据本句后的内容，尤其是Teenagers have access to all kinds of information及teenagers have enough knowledge可知，作者说“如今的青少年比我们想象中聪明得多”是说他们消息灵通、知识广博。4Which of the following shows the structure of the text?CP：Central PointP：PointSp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion答案C篇章结构题。通读全文可知，作者在第一段提出了自己的观点：I believe that those who are 18 years old are ready to take on the responsibility for voting，随后在第二、三、四段证明自己的观点，这三段的结尾It is unfair to let one lead a severer lifestyle and not allow him any choice in the matter，By allowing 18-year-olds to vote，we are getting them engaged in the world of politics much sooner和So，teenagers have enough knowledge to make good decisions就是作者的三个论据。最后一段是作者得出的结论。故选C项。BAccording to a recent investigation，35% of unemployed Americans ages 25 to 54 believed that theyd been replaced by technology.That is to say，technology threatens traditional work.Is that a bad thing?Many economists associate the middle classs shrinking partly with the fact that technology is replacing people.Increasingly，there are jobs for people with higher degrees and hands-on laborers like home health care aides，but more and more of whats in between can be automated.Self-driving cars are coming; mini planes will be operated by radio to deliver goods.It is even said that software developers themselves might someday be replaced by the very programs they create.Its true that software can do more work than human beings used to do.But historically，technological progress has brought more benefits than losses.If you look at the change from an agrarian (农业的) to an industrial society，thats certainly true.From 1900 to 2000，the proportion (比例) of people working on farms fell from 41% to 2%，yet agricultural output increased and farmers eventually found jobs in factories.There is a strong argument that the jobs and value technology creates just arent being counted properly.People like Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky couldnt agree more.Founded in 2008 and based in San Francisco，California，Airbnb is a trusted community marketplace for people to list，discover，and book unique accommodations around the worldonline or from a mobile phone.His company may have 30 million users and only 1，600 employees，but Chesky says it creates many more “21st century jobs” by helping make extra income for hosts who rent their homes and for local businesses and such service providers as cleaners who benefit from the arrival of vacationers.For New York City alone，Chesky puts the value of that additional income at $257 million annually，which the company claims supports 6，600 jobs.Facing the new economy，people who are smart and well educated may do better.But what about those who arent as well positioned? The obvious answer is for government to provide more help through a reformed educational system，workforce training and a social safety net.Some companies are making big private contributions to educational reform，but more will be needed.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。有人认为科技的进步造成很多人失业，作者却认为科技带来的利大于弊，并呼吁政府和更多的公司参与到教育改革中，帮人们做好准备应对科技对传统工作的冲击。5According to Paragraph 2，who are most likely to find a job in the future?ADeliverers. BCaregivers.CProfessional drivers. DSoftware developers.答案B细节理解题。根据第二段中的Increasingly，there are jobs for.home health care aides.Self-driving cars are coming; mini planes will be operated by radio to deliver goods.software developers themselves might someday be replaced by the very programs they create 可知，无人驾驶技术会使司机失业；遥控投递飞机会使投递员失业；软件开发员可能会被自己开发的程序替代，只有护工需要身体力行，有市场需求。6Whats the authors opinion on technological progress?AIt creates new jobs while replacing people.BIt forces farmers to work in factories.CIt encourages educational reform.DIt leads to huge unemployment.答案A细节理解题。根据第三段中的technological progress has brought more benefits than losses及随后举的例子可以看出，科技的进步虽然会造成一部分人失业，但最终会带来更大的利，创造更多的工作岗位。7The author develops Paragraph 4 mainly by_Aproviding explanationsBmaking comparisonsCusing examplesDtelling stories答案C写作手法题。作者以Airbnb为例说明科技创造的工作和价值往往被低估。故选C项。8Which of the following shows the structure of the text?CP：Central PointP：PointSp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion答案A篇章结构题。作者首先在第一段提出了本文的论点：科技威胁传统工作。第二段支持该论点，认为科技会取代一部分人的工作；第三、四段则反对该论点，认为科技创造的利大于弊并且科技创造的工作和价值往往被低估。面对科技威胁传统工作的形势，作者在最后一段给出了建议：教育改革。故选A项。.阅读七选五Five Facts about Goal SettingThese practical tips on goal setting can help make it easier to set and reach goals._1_When it comes to making a change，the people who succeed are those who set realistic and specific goals.“Im going to recycle all my plastic bottles，soda cans and magazines.” is a much more doable (可做的) goal than “Im going to do something for the environment.” And the former one is easy to realize.It takes time for a change to become a fixed habit.It will probably take a couple of months before any changeslike getting up half an hour early to exercisebecome a routine in your life._2_3_Speak out your goal each morning to remind yourself of what you want and what youre working for.Every time you remind yourself of your goal，youre training your brain to make it happen.Writing it down also works.Pleasing others doesnt work._4_You have to do it because you want it，not because someone else wants you to.It is hard to keep motivated if youre doing something out of obligation (义务)Roadblocks (障碍)dont mean failure.Mistakes are part of the learning process._5_But thats OKits normal to give up several times when you try to make a change.So remember that everyone makes mistakes and dont beat yourself up.Just remind yourself to keep going.AKeep track of your progress.BRepeat your goal every day.CSpecific and realistic goals work best.DIt may take a few tries to reach a goal.EFind the desire within yourself when you set a goal.FThats because your brain needs time to get used to the idea.GMake your goals smaller steps that move you towards larger ones.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，题材为日常生活类。本文说明了树立目标的一些情况。1C本段通过举例说明设定具体的、切合实际的目标效果最好，并且段落中set realistic and specific goals有提示，故选C。2F本选项用来解释说明原因，选项中的That指代前面提到的内容，故选F。3B根据本段内容可以概括出本段的主旨，即每天重复你的目标，故选B。4E本选项承上启下，说明树立目标时要找到你内心真正渴望的东西，故选E。5D本选项承接上一句，继续说明实现目标要经过多次尝试，也为下一句做了铺垫，故选D。.短文改错I really think the way most young people use modern technology are almost anti-social.Last week my cousin came over for the dinner.Shes seventeen and addicting to her mobile phone.All through dinner she was on her phone，send messages and chatting online.We were both there having a conversation，but she was in her own little world.It was quite strange and annoyed.When I asked her about it，her reply was “Well，I need to stay touch with my friends”However，Im really not convinced that this way of using technological really does this.After all，there had lots of us there together but he wasnt in touch with us at all!答案I really think the way most young people use modern technology almost anti-social.Last week my cousin came over for dinner.Shes seventeen and to her mobile phone.All through dinner she was on her phone， messages and chatting online.We were there having a conversation，but she was in her own little world.It was quite strange and .When I asked her about it，her reply was “Well，I need to stay