高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars第3课时试题含解析新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars（3）Period 3 Grammar：主语从句一、主语从句的概念与连接词作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：1. 从属连词that，whether。That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们的确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。2. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。3. 连接副词 where, when, how, why。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How and why he suddenly disappeared remains a mystery. 他怎么又为什么突然消失仍然是个迷。【特别注意】连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以用形式主语it代替主语从句，也可直接放在句首使用主语从句。主语从句通常都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型：(1)It is + n. / adj. +从句It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是It is possible that. 很可能It is unlikely that. 不可能It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。(2)It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that. 似乎It happened that. 碰巧It seems that they have won the game. 似乎他们赢得了比赛。(3)It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that. 据说It is known to all that. 众所周知It is reported that. 据报道It is believed that. 据信；人们相信It is suggested that. 有人建议It must be pointed out that. 必须指出It has been proved that. 已证明It is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。二、主语从句三要素1. 从句用陈述语序How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 众所周知他是如何成为一名伟大的科学家的。2. 谓语动词一般用单数。当主语是从句时，主句谓语一般用单数。Whatever he says is of no importance. 无论他说什么都不重要。Whoever says that is wrong. 无论谁说这话都不对。【特别提醒】但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定。What I need is money. 我需要的是钱。What I need are books. 我需要的是书。3. 通常不能省略关联词That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 很明显，他是班里最好的学生。三、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1. 引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that.，常译成所的(东西、事情、话等)；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。What is done cant be undone. 已成定局，无可挽回。What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好。That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制订一个计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。2. 引导词if和whether(1)whether之后可以直接跟or not，而if 则不能。I dont care whether or not your car breaks down. 我不知道你的车是不是坏了。但是不可以说：I dont care if or not your car breaks down.(2)whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外)；而if则可以跟否定结构。I dont care if she doesnt come. 我不在乎她来不来。 但是，在某些动词或形容词之后，则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子，这种结构往往表示肯定的含义。I wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself.=I think he does think too much of himself. 我想他没有为自己考虑太多。(3)在个别动词之后，如discuss 等，只跟用whether引导的宾语从句。They discussed whether they should close the shop. 他们讨论是否应该关掉商店。 (4)whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. 我对他们会不会去不感兴趣。(5)whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能。I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 我不知道是要笑还是哭。(6)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if。Whether it is true remains a problem. 这是不是真的还是一个问题。3. 其他引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when, where, why, how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。三、语气在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用should +原形，表虚拟语气。It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. 这个问题必须马上解决。Its strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别It be + adj./n. + that-clause与强调句型均有It be.that.之类的语言标志，但不同的是：(1)前者中的that从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的It be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。请比较下面两个句子：It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。It is Mary that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名。第一句话中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It is和that无法删除，一旦删除，句子就不成立；第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然完整。I. 用适当的关联词填空1. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.2. _ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.3. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.4. It is still uncertain _ he is coming or not.5. _ seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.II. 单句改错1. That the old mans son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden.2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou X spaceship into space.3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance.4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing excited the whole nation.5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.8. When will win the English competition is still a question.9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet.10. Its strange when he should have gone away without telling us.11. Who will do the job havent been decided yet.12. What he took with him was two books.I. 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As youre busy with your studies, the weeks during the Spring Festival can be a time when training and healthy eating plans go out of the window. But you can continue running and avoid weight gain during the holiday season. 1 Pick a race.Having a race on your calendar (日历) is a motivation to keep running during the holiday. 2 Check our active. com or Running in the City for events near you.Dont skip breakfast.If youre going to a holiday party in the evening, dont make the mistake of skipping breakfast. You may think youre saving calories for later. 3 Bring your own healthy dishes.Chances are that most of the dishes at holiday gatherings are going to be high in taste and calories. Bring your own healthy appetizers to the party. The host will appreciate it, and you know there will be at least one wise choice on the buffet table. 4 If youre heading to an evening event, eat regular meals and snacks every few hours up until party time. You wont arrive at the party ready to attack appetizers. Make sure you include fiber at each meal because it keeps you full longer.Plan your runs.Its easy to say that youll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but sticking to it requires a strategy. Schedule your runs like appointments, so you make them the first thing during a busy week. 5 A. Treat yourself.B. Eat small meals.C. Try some or all of these strategies.D. In fact, it may lead to overeating later in the day.E. Buy yourself a gift of some new running shoes and clothes.F. If you have runs scheduled, you are more likely to get them done.G. Once you choose one that lasts a few weeks, set a plan and stick to it.II. 书面表达你校近期组织学生去参观科技发展展览。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：1. 时间与地点：9月28日，展览中心；2. 你的所见所闻；3. 你对这次活动的体会和认识。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_1. (2016北京)Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. WhoeverC. Whatever D. Wherever2. (2016江苏)It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that3. (2015北京) _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. Where B. How C. Why D. When4. (2015大纲全国卷)Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whether B. whyC. when D. how5. (2015陕西) _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. WhatI. 用适当的关联词填空1. why 2. That 3. what 4. whether 5. WhatII. 单句改错1. ThatWhat 2. whenthat3. IfWhether 4. WhetherThat5. whichwhat 6. WhateverWhoever7. WhyHow 8. WhenWho9. HowWhether 10. whenthat11. haventhasnt 12. waswereI. 七选五【语篇解读】如何在春节期间让你的身体保持健康呢？作者在文中告诉了我们一些对策。1. C根据下文小标题可知，作者在文中提出了一些方法，所以C项符合语境。2. G根据此段中的Having a race on your calendar(日历) is a motivation to keep running during the holiday.可知，要给自己制订一个计划，故G项符合语境。3. D根据空前的You may think youre saving calories for later.可知，你可能认为你在节省卡路里，故D项事实上这会导致你之后暴饮暴食符合语境。4. B根据此段中的eat regular meals and snacks every few hours可知，作者建议每隔几个小时吃一些零食，故B项符合语境。5. F根据此段中的Schedule your runs like appointments可知，跑步要像约会一样要安排好，故F项如果你安排好了跑步，你才更有可能完成它符合语境。II. 书面表达In order to encourage the students to know about the developments of science and technology, our school organized a visit to the Exhibition Center on September 28. All the students in our school took part in it.There were so many new things in the exhibition center. I was most excited to see the robots. They could talk with people and could do anything people wanted them to do. There were also many new multifunction cell phones. They were so small that I couldnt believe that anyone could talk through them.The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did it make us know about the developments of science and technology, it also inspired us to study even harder in the future to grasp more technology so that we can benefit human society better.1. C 【解析】 helps是谓语，_ you can do是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示任何事情，因此用whatever引导，故选C。2. D 【解析】本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词，不能省略。连接副词why要在从句中作状语，连接代词what通常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。3. B 【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。4. C 【解析】句意：准确地说土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。5. B 【解析】句意：被延误的航班何时起飞大体上依天气而定。题干中主句的谓语动词为depends，因此前面是主语从句。why在主语从句中作原因状语；when在主语从句中作时间状语；that在主语从句中不做任何成分；what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语，故选B。Period 4 Writing: 观点对比类作文 怎样写观点对比类作文书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。考考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的、对象、体裁及字数都有明确的规定。在近几年的高考写作中，表达观点类文章的出题形式多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等多种类型，但文章实际上都是议论文，有时是夹叙夹议类文章。写好该类书面表达同学们要注意以下要点：1. 观点鲜明，文章一定要有一个明确的中心论点。2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。4. 通常采用一般现在时。5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。【技巧点拨】一般来说，这类文章内在的逻辑关系十分清晰。它除了考查考生的英文基础，还考查考生的逻辑能力。具体说就是上下文的衔接过渡和文章层次的体现。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡性词和短语来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。启就是开头，承就是承接，转是转折，合是综合或总结。用于表示启的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落或文章的开头。过渡性词和短语如下：first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, lately等。用于表示承的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中。过渡性词和短语如下：second, in addition, besides, then, moreover, whats more, what is worse, for example, certainly, obviously, in other words, still, at the same time, no doubt等。用于转的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中。过渡性的词和短语如下：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, while, despite, in spite of等。用于合的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中。过渡性词和短语如下：in a word, in short, above all, after all, finally, therefore, as a result, on the whole, eventually等。总之，要做好书面表达，需要大家把握以下几个原则：细读提示，抓要点：选择句型，准表达；确定线索，巧组合；适当发挥，保完整；规范书写，争高分；细查全文，除笔误。【写作摸板】对于观点对比类作文，文章的整体结构有一定的模式可循，可以先写对比的一方面，再写另外一方面；也可以将对比的两个方面的不同点一一比较着来写。观点对比类作文写作摸板：The topic of 主题 is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . Whats more, _理由二_. Moreover, 理由三 .While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 . Third(Finally), 理由三 .From my point of view, I think 我的观点 . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former(later) is surely a wise choice. 三班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为另一些同学认为1. 应从儿童时期开始学习英语；2. 儿童时期记忆力好，可以记住很多单词；3. 能为以后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。1. 不应从儿童时期开始学英语；2. 儿童时期既要学汉语拼音又要学英语，易混淆；3. 会影响汉语学习和今后的英语学习。注意：1. 词数：100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 参考词汇：基础 foundation 汉语拼音 Chinese pinyin_【写作导航】文 体：议论文 时 态：一般现在时 内容要点：1. 赞同儿童时期开始学英语。2. 儿童记忆力好，记单词多。 3. 为今后打基础。 4. 反对从儿童时期开始学英语。 5. 既学汉语拼音又学英语易混淆。6. 影响今后的汉语和英语的学习。7. 结尾句。【参考范文】The students of Class 3 has a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Opinions are divided on this issue. Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning. But others do not agree. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very likely for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.最近你市发现了一处唐文化遗址。是否应当开发？人们展开了激烈的讨论。假如你是一名记者，请就此写一篇100字左右的报道，并发表自己的看法。赞成开发：应开发利用以吸引更多的游客来旅游观光。反对开发：应保持原样，妥善保护，以免遭人为破坏。 _【参考范文】Recently, citizens in our city have had a heated a debate on whether we should explore the cultural relics, which was discovered in our city. Different people have different opinions. Some people are in favor of the idea. They think the cultural relic is worth exploring, which will make people learn more about the great history. Whats more, this cultural relic site can attract more visitors to our city, which will improve our tourism. However, others hold an opposite opinion, thinking that we should keep it as it is and protect it properly. Only in this way can it not be destroyed by people. As far as I am concerned, we should ask the experts for advice to find a better way to make good use of this cultural relic.1. 老师：蒸一个包子一分钟，蒸九个包子要多久？小明：九分钟？老师：你傻呀！你们家蒸包子一个一个蒸呀？！小明表示不服：那我问你，吃一个馒头一分钟，吃十个馒头呢？老师：十分钟呀！你以为我像你一样傻呀！小明：十分钟吃十个馒头！撑死你个饭桶！老师：滚出去！2. 老师上课叫小明起来回答问题，想锻炼他的胆子。 小明弱弱地说：老师我我不会 老师：就不能像个男子汉一样？ 小明若有所思 终于，小明怒拍桌子，大吼一声：老子不会！ 老师：滚出去！3. 老师：今天这节课我们来次角色互换，我坐下面当学生，哪位同学愿意上来教？ 小明：老师，我愿意。 老师：小明，好样的！ 互换位置后 小明指着老师：你给我滚出去！ 老师：为什么？ 小明：劳资早看你不爽，想这样做很久了。滚出去！单元综合检测(考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AIf you are looking for the place that has everything, there is only one place to visit, and thats New York. Its a whole world in a city.The World of Theater: All of New York is a stage. And it begins with Broadway. Where else can you find so many hit shows in one place? Only in New York!The World of Music: Spend an evening with Beethoven at Lincoln Center. Swing to the great jazz of Greenwich Village. Or rock yourself silly at the hottest dance spots found anywhere.The World of Art: From Rembrandt to Picasso. From Egyptian tombs to Indian teepees(圆锥形帐篷). Whatever kind of art you like, you will find it in New York.The World of Fine Dining: Whether its Beijing roast duck in Chinatown, lasagna(烤宽面条) in Little Italy, or the finest French coq au vin(红酒烩鸡) found everywhere, there is world of great taste waiting for you in New York.The World of Sights: What other city has a Statue of Liberty? A Rockefeller Center? Or a Bronx Zoo? Where else can you take a horse-drawn carriage through Central Park? Only in New York!1. From the text we know that Rembrandt is most likely to be the name of a famous _.A. actor B. musician C. cook D. painter2. Which of the following can visitors do only in New York?A. To see the Statue of Liberty.B. To taste the finest French coq au vin.C. To enjoy a Beethoven concert.D. To eat Beijing roast duck.3. This passage may be taken from _.A. a handbook for English learnersB. a guidebook for foreign travellersC. a pocketbook for businessmenD. a storybook for local readersBHumans may not have landed on Mars (火星) yet, but that isnt stopping a European company from devising a plan to send four people to the Red Planet within the next few years. This project, called Mars One, aims to send a small group of people to Mars in 2022 and eventually establish a permanent colony on the planet.Everything we need to go to Mars exists, said Mars One co-f