已阅读5页,还剩24页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
International Trade practice 授课教师:欧阳章文 适用专业:2008 英语专业 开课时间:2010-2011 第二学期 Lesson One Introduction to International Business importing and exporting cross-border transaction in IPR by means of licensing and franchising: investment in physical and financial assets in foreign countries contract manufacturer or assembly of goods abroad for local sale or for exports to other countries the establishment of foreign warehousing and distribution system the import to one country of goods from a second foreign country for subsequent local sale 2. Modes of IB (1). Merchandise and service: importing and exporting (2). Direct investment and portfolio investment (3). licensing and franchising (4). Turnkey operation. (5). Management contracts 3. The need for IB a. to countries: b. to companies: c. to consumers: d. to individuals: e. to learners: 4. International business and trade Figure A: Figure B: International Trade 1. What is international trade? Definition: It refers to the exchange of goods and services between nations, also known as international trade or overseas trade. Keys: All business transactions involving at least two countries Any type of trade activities that cross national borders Issues: How will idea, good or service fit into international market? Should we enter the market through trade/investment? What product adjustments to be responsive to local conditions? What threats from global competition should be expected? How can these threats be counteracted? 2. Main aspects of international trade 1. The classification of the international trade 2. Some important theories of international trade 3. Instruments of trade policy 4. Economic integration, special types 5. International capital movements FDI 6. International institution, 7. International trade terms. 8. Transportation insurance 9. International trade payment 10. Inspection, claim, force majeure and arbitration 11. Trade negotiation and formation of the contract 12. Implementation of the contract 13. International financial market 14. International cargo shipment 3. Reasons for International Trade 1) Resources reasons: A. favorable climatic conditions and terrain B. natural resources C. skilled workers D. capital resources E. favorable geographic location and transport costs F. insufficient production In short, the uneven distribution of resources around the world is one of the most basic reasons why nations trade with each other. 2) Economic reasons: gaining economic benefits. 3) Other reasons: political objectives; market needs 4. International Trade VS Domestic Trade a. Numerous culture differences-cultural problems b. Control and communication systems more complex c. Risks levels higher: political risks; commercial risks; financial risks; transportation risks. d. Broader range of management skills than DB concerned with 5. Classification of International trade 1). by the direction of the movement of goods A export trade; B import trade; C interpret trade; D transit trade; E re-export trade; F re-import trade. 2) by trade policy A. free trade; B. protect trade; C. control trade. 3) by the nature of trading goods A. tangible/visible goods trade; B. intangible goods trade. 4) by territory and customs A. general trade; B. special trade. 5).by trade relation A. direct trade B. indirect trade 6).by the number of countries involved A. bilateral trade B. triangular trade C. multilateral trade 7).by the liquidation way A. spot exchange trade B. clearing account trade C. barter trade 8).by the way of transaction A. goods trade B. process trade C. compensation trade D. renting trade 6. Trade Theory: 1). Mercantilism: also referred to theory of political economy of state buildingsuperstructure; school of economic thoughts in Europe during 1500-1750. A: core idea: national wealth reflected by the holding of precious metal; static view of world resources. B: 2 stages: monetary balance (W. Staffor) and trade balance (T. Mun). C: economic policies : governments controlled the use and exchange of precious metals; prohibition of the export of precious metals of individuals; exports subsidized and quotas and high tariffs placed on imports D: discussion: 2). Absolute Advantage: Adam Smith, “The wealth of Nations” in 1776. 2 main areas of contribution: absolute advantage and the division of labor. A): Key features # Challenging mercantilism # Market forces # Specialization # Benefits from specialization and trade positive- sum game B) :Example1 # Assume: perfect competition no transportation cost # Suppose: * the US and Japan are involved * Each nation two input units to produce * uses one unit of input to produce each of the products. a). if neither country imports nor exports b): Use resources to produce the product at which it is more efficient-exchange C. Example 2 Assume: a labor theory of value : goods exchange for each other at home in proportion to the relative labor time embodied in them. England: 1 barrel of wine4 yards of cloth; Portugal: 1 W1 1/2 C D. Discussion: a). crucial for the early development of classical thought and for altering the view of the potential gains from international trade; b). extended his division of labor in the production process to a division of labor and specialized product across countries; c). relied on a country possessing AD in production, but didnt explain what caused the production advantages 3). Comparative Advantage: David Ricardo 1819 “on the Principle of Political Economy and Taxation”. Even though a nation held an absolute advantage in the production of both goods, the two countries still trade with advantages for each other as long as less efficient country was not equally less efficient in production of both goods. A: Key features # Development from the absolute advantage # What happens when a country can produce both or all products at an absolute advantage? # Specializing in producing those that a country has more absolute advantage or disadvantage # Still benefits from such specialization and trade B: Example1 # Assume: * perfect competition * no transportation cost # Suppose: * USA: absolute advantage * Japan: absolute disadvantage * The same suppositions in the first example If each country specializes in what it does best, its output will be: C. Example 2: labor requirements per unit of production Note: Two ways to illustrate the gains : labor saved; more goods produced. D. Discussion: a. theoretical basis of international trade; b. took the logic of absolute advantage; c. an extension of absolute d. argued that nations could improve the welfare through IT. 4). Factor Proportion trade theory. - Hecksher-Ohin theory: International and interregional differences in production costs occur because of the differences in the supply of production factors. -2 factors of production: labor and capital. Technology determines the way of production. A Contributors Swedish economists Eli Heckscher(赫克歇尔)(1879-1952) Bertil Ohlin (俄林)(1899-1979) Teacherstudent/ further extension Referred to as Hechscher-Ohlin Theory B Assumptions # two countries, two products, and two factors of production, the so- called 222 assumption # Market for the inputs and the outputs perfectly competitive. # Increasing production of a product experiences diminishing returns. # identical technologies. C Key features # Analysis of production factors # Abundance or scarcity in production factors D Example # India: relatively well endowed with labor compared to the UK(abundance in capital) E Discussion a. One of the most influential theoretical ideas in international economics. b. No difference in tech or productivity of factors. C. Labor-intensive products for capital- intensive products. 5). Business Cycle: boom and bust A. A cycle in time during which business moves from a state of boom through recession to trough, then upward again when business improves until there is a return to high activity once more, the whole cycle then begins again. B. 2 main phases: recession and expansion C. Characters of recession: consumer purchases decline; inventories increase; demand of labor falls; output falls, inflation slows; business profit falls interest rate falls. D: External vs. Internal Mechanisms: causes aggregate demand to shift suddenly The external theories: the root in the fluctuations of outside factors The Internal theories: mechanisms to self-generate BC. E: Demand-induced cycles. F: Behind the AS and AD curves A) Monetary theories B) The multiplier-accelerator model. C) Political theories 6). Product Life Cycle A: Introduction-Growth-Maturity-Decline. B: explaining why a product that begins as a nations export eventually becomes its import. C: Main contributor: Raymond Vernon 1966 D: Key features # The production location for products depending on the stage in the products life cycle. # Role of technology & research determining trade patterns. . E Division into two parts -a.
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 垃圾清运服务合同报价
- 预制构件购买协议书
- 抽样误差与假设检验
- 九年级化学上册 3.2 制取氧气 氧气的制取教案2 (新版)粤教版
- 二年级品德与生活下册 快乐的六一 2教案 人教新课标版
- 高中信息技术《走近人工智能》教学设计
- 2024-2025学年高中历史 第8单元 第27课 世纪之交的世界格局教案 新人教版必修1
- 广东省廉江市实验学校高中政治 11.1 面对经济全球化教案(必修1)
- 2024秋八年级英语上册 Module 2 My home town and my country Unit 3 Language in use教学设计(新版)外研版
- 租赁空窗期合同(2篇)
- 2020年浙江省教学能力大赛二等奖中职语文教学实施报告现场展示PPT
- 《逍遥游》-完整版课件
- 股权转让价值评估方法与案例讨论(39张)课件
- 给地球爷爷的一封信的阅读答案
- 部编小学语文《口语交际》解读课件
- 汉语言文学师范专业导论课程教学大纲
- 五年级上册美术课件-第2课 画人像 ▏人美版 (共9张PPT)
- 医院参观引导词
- 污水处理厂日常水质监测体系
- 心理健康状况排查问题学生登记表样表
- 三年级数学上册苏教版《认识几分之一》学习单(校际公开课)
评论
0/150
提交评论