《专八翻译l练习》word版.doc

专八翻译练习综合练习（一）一、英译汉WASHINGTON(Reuters) - Know your way around a lock? Then the CIA wants you: The Central Intelligence Agency（美国中央情报局） is seeking locksmiths（锁匠） to work with the best minds（精英） in the country while performing a mission（执行任务） critical to our nation, the CIA said in a recent job posting on its website, . Locksmiths, who in spy agency lingo（间谍机构） are called technical operation officers, are needed for such tasks as to familiarize non-technical people（外行人） with technical capabilities; do hands-on work（动手操作的工作）; and travel worldwide. Skill in making lock parts（锁件） is an asset（资本） for prospective（候选的） CIA lock-smiths. Knowledge of electronic and manual safe lock（电子及手动保险柜） servicing, electricity, and alarms is ideal. Knowing how to operate machinery to fabricate（制造） lock parts and tools will be beneficial, the CIA job posting said. 参考答案： 华盛顿 (路透社)-你是否精通有关锁的技能？如果精通,美国中央情报局正想要你呢。“中央情报局正在物色锁匠,他们将与美国精英一道执行对国家至关重要的任务，”中央情报局最近在其网站上贴的一则招聘通知上如是说道。 锁匠，用间谍机构的行话来说是技术性操作人员,需要他们做的是诸如“用他们的技能去教会外行人；做需要动手操作的工作；到世界各地去出差。”拥有造锁技能是候选的中情局锁匠的资本。“熟悉电子及手动保险柜的维修、电路和警报系统的人是理想人选。熟悉如何操作机器来制造锁件和工具将有利于得到这份工作。 ”CIA 招聘通知写道。汉译英圣经(the Bible)在英语的发展过程中对英语的影响可谓深远。她不仅对英语的词汇的补充和习惯用语(English idioms)的形成功不可没(have significant impact on)，人们在日常交往中对其的引用更是无处不见。美国有位词汇学教授(lexicologist)曾经说过，难以想象一个没有读过圣经的人能够学好英语。我们无意去讨论这位教授的话对错与否，但我们对圣经对于英语学习的作用却是肯定的。参考答案： The Bible has played a very important role during the development of English. It has significant impact on the formation of the English vocabulary and English idioms. People quote the Bible almost everywhere during their daily work and life. An American lexicologist once said that it is hard to imagine one can learn English well without reading the Bible. We are not discussing whether what he said was true or not. However, we are on the YES side about the Bibles contribution to the language. 综合练习（二）一、英译汉If people mean anything at all by the expression untimely death, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely-a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue. 参考答案： 如果人们藉“英年早逝”这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则“死不逢时”。死于年迈很少被冠以“死不逢时”之名，因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之，如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死，人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。当然，历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名的“英年早逝”的情形中，我们会忆起玛丽莲梦露与詹姆斯迪恩斯之死，其生命的短暂丝毫无损于其生命的完整性。对于约翰济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实，文人墨客们皆痛不欲生，但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为，设若他们也死于这一年龄，其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满，这一观念有悖于逻辑，因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是生命的力度及其美德。 汉译英吸收外商直接投资，是中国对外开放基本国策的重要组成部分。二十多年来，随着改革开放逐步深化，中国吸收外资的规模和质量不断提高。截至2001年7月底，中国累计批准设立的外商投资企业37.8万家，合同外资金额7170.1亿美元，实际使用外资金额3728.3亿美元。今年以来，外商来华直接投资继续保持良好势头。1-7月，共批准设立外商投资企业1.4万家，比去年同期增长18.2%；合同外资金额402.9亿美元，增长45.8%；实际使用外资金额242.1亿美元，增长21.7%。参考答案： FDI absorption constitutes an important component of Chinas basic state policy of reform and opening up. As the reform and opening up going into depth over the past two decades and more, China has been constantly improving its FDI utilization in terms of scale and quality. As of the end of July 2001, China had cumulatively approved 378,000 foreign funded enterprises with a contractual value of USD 717.01 billion, of which USD 372.83 billion had been actually paid in. China has maintained a good momentum in its FDI attraction since this year. January through July, 14,000 foreign-invested enterprises were approved to establish, 18.2% higher than the corresponding period of last year, the contractual value of foreign investment grew by 45.8% to USD 40.29 billion and the actually utilized value climbed by 21.7% to USD 24.21 billion.综合练习（三）一、英译汉A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness: amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products, for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. 英译汉(参考答案)一本好书可以是一位最好的朋友。它往日如此，今日依旧如此，且永不改变。它是最具耐心、最令人愉快的友伴。当我们身处逆境或感到苦恼时，它不会背弃我们，总是以同样的和蔼态度接待我们：在我们年青时，它愉悦我们，教导我们；在我们年老时，它怡情我们，慰籍我们。 书籍具有一种不朽的特质。它们绝对是人类努力成果中最能持久的。神殿与雕像会腐朽，但书籍长存。时间无损于伟大的思想，直到今天，那些伟大的思想仍然与很久以前初次在作者脑海中闪现时一样新颖。作者当时所言所思，印刷成书，如今依然生动地向我们诉说。时间唯一的影响是淘汰不良的作品，只有真正好的作品，才能在文学领域里长存。 汉译英水稻是福建的主要粮食作物。福建120万公顷（300万英亩）可耕地中有100多万公顷（250万英亩）是稻田，在提高现有耕地单位面积产量上有很大潜力。通过改造中低产田、兴修水利、扩大灌溉面积以及推广先进农用技术等措施，可使每公顷产量提高1500公斤以上。 (参考答案) Rice is the staple food in Fujian. Of the 1.2 million hectares (3 million acres) of arable land in the province, over one million hectares (2.5 million acres) are paddy fields. There is great potential for increasing the yield per unit area on the existing cultivated land. The grain output per hectare can be increased by more than 1,500 kg through upgrading the medium and low yield land, intensifying water-control projects, enlarging irrigated areas and spreading the use of advanced agrotechnology.综合练习（四）一、英译汉 Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era. For the next 1,800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing slowly north, unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield. At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts. The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.(参考答案)尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。从这里再往前一千八百英里，尼罗河像一条细细的蓝色丝带，缓缓流向北方，沿途穿过棕色的土地和绿色的田野，这田地窄的不过几码，宽的则赶得上美国伊阿华州的玉米地。田地外边是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方则平平地伸向地平线。公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的，有时穿过庄稼地，有时像是划的一条黑线，这边是庄稼，那边是沙漠。 汉译英 在中国，最重要的节日是农历新年。由于它是依据农历而来，所以大约比阳历新年晚了一个月。传统上，中国新年节庆约持续一个月，但为了不让工作期间中断太久，现在都已缩短为一个星期左右。中国农历年和西方阳历年有些相似之处，譬如像大扫除、全家团圆。所有的债务都要还清，这样新年才有个新开始。与家人、朋友共享盛宴，街上有栩栩如生的舞龙舞狮表演。到处都听得到爆竹声。小孩子们收受装了钱的红包。(参考答案) The most important holiday in China is the Lunar New Year. Since it is based on the lunar calendar, it comes about a month later than the Western New Year. The Chinese New Year season traditionally lasts about a month . The period has now been reduced to a week or less. There are some parallels with the Western New Year: houses are cleaned thoroughly, for instance, and families all get together for the festivities. All debts must be paid off so that new year can be started with a fresh beginning. Feasts are enjoyed with family and friends, and there are lively dragon and lion dances in the streets. Everywhere there is the sound of fire cracker explosions. Children receive gifts of little red envelopes with money inside them.3. 解析练习 That old Greenspan magic seems to be fading Larry Elliott Monday May 10, 2004 For the best part of 20 years, Alan Greenspan has been a symbol of the stupidity of ageism. He became chairman of the US Federal Reserve at 61, when plenty of workers have already been tossed on the scrapheap and many others are preparing to wind down for retirement. His golden years in charge of the US economy were when he was pushing 70 and hes still there aged 78. Greenspan is the doyen of central bankers, still talked about in almost reverential terms by his peers. The fact that the Fed chairman rarely gives interviews and makes public pronouncements that are to economics what Finnegans Wake is to literature only adds to the mystique. It is, then, with some trepidation that the question has to be asked: has Big Al finally lost the plot? At the start of last week, Greenspan presided over a meeting of the Fed which kept interest rates on hold at 1%, the level they have been pegged at for nearly a year. A statement accompanying the decision said the risks to inflation were balanced, which means the Fed thinks there is as much chance of the cost of living going up as going down. On Thursday, new joblessness claims in the US fell to their lowest level in getting on for four years, and the picture of a recovering labour market was underlined by Fridays non-farm payrolls which showed an increase of 288,000, above what had been expected. The economy is expanding at an annual rate of 4.5%, surveys of both manufacturing and the service sector are strong, the housing market is booming, inflation has started to pick up. Hardly surprisingly, Greenspans call on inflation is now coming under the microscope, even by those on the Keynesian left who tend to favour expansionary macroeconomic policies. Show me something, other than computers, where the price is falling, says Dean Baker of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Washington. Baker is right. Clearly, risks to inflation are on the upside, and massively so. The economy has been injected with a cocktail of three growth-inducing drugs - negative real interest rates, a rising budget deficit and a falling currency. Oil prices have touched $40 a barrel and the labour market is tightening. It is hard to believe that Greenspan, a junkie for economic data no matter how seemingly trivial, has not spotted all this. Rates in the US are far below a neutral level, which would probably be around 5%, yet Greenspan is in no hurry to act. 格老爷子的魔力似乎正在消失 格林斯潘昔日的魔力似在消逝拉里艾略特著在过去20年的大部分时间里，艾伦格林斯潘代表了一种形象，他不断证明了“人老不中用”的说法是多么愚蠢。他61岁时当选为美联储主席，而大批工人到了这个年龄早就遭到遗弃，另一些人则考虑结束自己的工作生涯，为退休做好准备。格林斯潘将近七十岁的时候，才迎来了自己执掌美国经济的黄金岁月。如今他已78岁高龄，却依然稳居其位。他是央行银行家中的老资格，时至今日，同僚们一谈起他依然肃然起敬。这位美联储主席很少接受采访，也很少在公开场合发表自己的观点。他的这种作风更增添了自身的神秘感，就如同文学界为芬尼根守灵的神秘莫测一样，格林斯潘在经济学界也是个神秘莫测的人物。虽然怀有敬畏之心，人们还是不禁要问：老谋深算的艾伦是否失算了？上周初， 格林斯潘主持了一次美联储会议，决定将利率控制在1的水平上，而这一水平已经保持了将近一年。随决定发布的一项声明指出，通货膨胀的风险处于平衡状态。这说明美联储认为，生活费用上涨或下降的几率大致相同。星期四公布的失业率已接近四年来的最低水平。劳动力市场正呈现出复苏景象，其原因是非农就业人数增加了288，000人，超过了人们的预期。美国经济以每年4.5%的速度增长。有关调查显示，制造业和服务业增长势头强劲，房产业日趋繁荣，通货膨胀已经开始显现。在这样的背景下，格林斯潘处理通胀的方式受到百般挑剔也就不足为怪了。那些凯恩斯左派人士居然也加入了挑剔者的行列，而这些人平时却赞成扩张性宏观经济政策。华盛顿经济政策研究中心的迪安贝克说：“除了计算机以外，难道还有别的东西在降价？”贝克是正确的。显而易见，通货膨胀的风险正呈上升趋势，而且上升幅度将会很大。美国经济已被注入了一副三合一增长剂，其中包括实际利率的降低、不断增长的预算赤字以及货币的贬值。石油价格已达每桶40美元，劳动力市场也在紧缩。无论这些数字显得多么微不足道，人们还是很难相信，像格林斯潘这样一位对经济数字如数家珍的老手，怎么可能对此视而不见？美国利率的中性水平大约在5左右，而目前的利率则远远低于这一标准。然而，格林斯潘似乎并不急于采取任何行动。很难相信，格林斯潘这个对哪怕是看起来很细微的经济数据都不放过的数据迷，对这些居然没看见。这位美联储主席很少接受采访，另外他公开发表在经济学界看来就如文学界看小说为芬尼根守灵一样感到高深莫测的看法，这就更增加了他的神秘感。或：这位美联储主席很少接受采访，另外他公开发表的看法，在经济学界看来往往就如文学界看小说为芬尼根守灵一样感到高深莫测，这就更增加了他的神秘感。在过去20年的大部分时间里，艾伦格林斯潘代表了一种形象，他不断证明了“人老不中用”的说法是多么愚蠢。他61岁时当选为美联储主席，而大批工人到了这个年龄早就遭到遗弃，另一些人则考虑结束自己的工作生涯，为退休做好准备。格林斯潘将近七十岁的时候，才迎来了自己执掌美国经济的黄金岁月。如今他已78岁高龄，却依然稳居其位。他是央行银行家中的老资格，时至今日，同僚们一谈起他依然肃然起敬。这位美联储主席很少接受采访，也很少在公开场合发表自己的观点。他的这种作风更增添了自身的神秘感，就如同文学界为芬尼根守灵的神秘莫测一样，格林斯潘在经济学界也是个神秘莫测的人物。虽然怀有敬畏之心，人们还是不禁要问：老谋深算的艾伦是否失算了？上周初， 格林斯潘主持了一次美联储会议，决定将利率控制在1的水平上，而这一水平已经保持了将近一年。随决定发布的一项声明指出，通货膨胀的风险处于平衡状态。这说明美联储认为，生活费用上涨或下降的几率大致相同。星期四公布的失业率已接近四年来的最低水平。劳动力市场正呈现出复苏景象，其原因是非农就业人数增加了288，000人，超过了人们的预期。美国经济以每年4.5%的速度增长。有关调查显示，制造业和服务业增长势头强劲，房产业日趋繁荣，通货膨胀已经开始显现。在这样的背景下，格林斯潘处理通胀的方式受到百般挑剔也就不足为怪了。那些凯恩斯左派人士居然也加入了挑剔者的行列，而这些人平时却赞成扩张性宏观经济政策。华盛顿经济政策研究中心的迪安贝克说：“除了计算机以外，难道还有别的东西在降价？”贝克是正确的。显而易见，通货膨胀的风险正呈上升趋势，而且上升幅度将会很大。美国经济已被注入了一副三合一增长剂，其中包括实际利率的降低、不断增长的预算赤字以及货币的贬值。石油价格已达每桶40美元，劳动力市场也在紧缩。无论这些数字显得多么微不足道，人们还是很难相信，像格林斯潘这样一位对经济数字如数家珍的老手，怎么可能对此视而不见？美国利率的中性水平大约在5左右，而目前的利率则远远低于这一标准。然而，格林斯潘似乎并不急于采取任何行动。1. 文学赏析练习 1) 名著欣赏雨果怒斥火烧圆明园VictorHugoCondemningtheBurningoftheWinterPalaceVictorHugo,1802-1885,wasacelebratedFrenchliterarygiant.AftertheBritishandFrenchinvadershadburnttheWinterPalaceinNovember,1861,hewroteareplytoalieutenantnamedBartlette(?),denouncingindignantlytheAlliedatrocities.Anextractoftheletterfollows.“Sir,youaskmewhatIthinkoftheexpeditiontoChina.Youmustfeelthatitwaspraiseworthy,welldone.Youareverypolite,puttingahighpremiumuponmyfeelings.Inyouropinion,theexpedition,performedunderthejointbannerofQueenVictoriaandEmperorNapoleon,wasnothingshortofaBritish-Frenchglory.Therefore,youwouldliketoknowtowhatextentIappreciatethisglory.”Sinceyouask,Iwillanswerasfollows:Inacorneroftheworldthereexistedaman-mademiracle-theWinterPalace.Arthastwosources:one,anideal,whencehascomeEuropeanart;two,fancy,whencehasissuedOrientalart.TheWinterPalacebelongsintheartoffancy.TheWinterPalace,indeed,wasthecrystalisationofalloftheartthatanalmostsupermanracecouldhavefancied.TheWinterPalacewasahugescaleprototypeoffancyiffancycanhaveaprototype.Ifonlyyoucanimagineanineffablearchitecturalstructure,likeapalaceinthemoon,afairyland,thatistheWinterPalace.Ifyoucanimagineatreasure-island,apoolofhumanperceptivepower,expressedintheconcreteformofpalacesandtemples,thatistheWinterPalace.IttooktwogenerationsofmanpowertocreatetheWinterPalace,whichsubsequentlywentthroughimprovementandperfectionoverseveralcenturies.ForwhomwastheWinterPalacebuilt,afterall?Eventually,forthepeople.Becauseastimepassesby,allthatthepeoplehasmaderemainsinthepossessionofmankind.Greatartists,poets,philosophers-theyallknewabouttheWinterPalace.Voltaire(FrancoisMarieArouet)oncetalkedaboutit.ManypeopleatdifferenttimescomparedtheWinterPalacetotheParthenon,thePyramids,theArena,theNotreDame.IftheycouldnotseetheWinterPalacewiththeirowneyes,theycoulddreamaboutit-asifinthegloamingtheysawabreath-takingmasterpieceofartastheyhadneverknownbefore-asifthereabovethehorizonofEuropeancivilizationwastoweringthesilhouetteofAsiancivilization.Now,themiracleisnomore!Oneday,twopiratesbrokeintoit.Oneofthemwentplundering;theotherseteverybuildingandeverythinginitallabaze!Judgingbywhattheydid,weknowthatthevictorscoulddegenerateintorobbers.Thetwoofthemfelltodividingbetweenthemselvesthespoils.Whatmeritoriousfeatstheyhaddone!Whataheaven-sentbonanza!Onestuffedhispocketsfulltooverflowing;theotherfilledinhistrunckchockfull.Then,handinhandtheymadeoff,guffawinggloatingly.Thisepisodereflectsthehistoryofthetwobrigands.StandingbeforethetribunalofhistoryisonebrigandnamedFranceandtheothernamedGreatBritain.AgainstbothIprotest.Incidentally,Imustthankyouforgivingmetheopportunitytomakethisaccusation.Therulerscommitcrimesbuttheruleddonot.Thegovernmentbecomesarobber,butthepeoplewillnever.Francehasgainedalargeportionofthespoils.Now,quitenaively,shethinksherselftherightfulowneroftheproperty,andsheisdisplayingtherichesoftheWinterPalace!IcanonlyhopethattherewillcomeonedaywhenFrancewilldisburdenherselfoftheheavyloadonherconscienceandcleanseherselfofthecrimebyreturningtoChinaallthespoilstakenfromtheWinterPalace.Sir,suchismyeulogyoftheexpeditiontoChina.ThisEnglishtranslationisfromaChineseversionbyZhengRuolintakinganexcerptfromHugosCollectionofWritingsinExile,appearinginanOctober26,1983issueoftheBeijingEveningNews雨果怒斥火烧圆明园 雨果(18021885)是法国著名文豪。在英法侵略者纵火焚毁我国圆明园以后，1861年11月，他曾复信给一个名叫巴特勒的上尉，怒斥这桩丑行。下面是他复信的摘要。先生，您问我对这次远征中国的看法，您觉得这次远征值得称誉，干得漂亮，而且您很客气，相当重视我的感想。按照您的高见，这次在维多利亚女王和拿破仑皇帝的双重旗帜下对中国的远征，是英法两国的光荣；您想知道我对英法两国的这一胜利究竟赞赏到何等程度。既然您想知道我的看法，那么我答复如下：在世界的一隅，存在着人类的一大奇迹，这个奇迹就是圆明园。艺术有两种渊源：一为理念从中产生欧洲艺术；一为幻想从中产生东方艺术。圆明园属于幻想艺术。一个近乎超人的民族所能幻想到的一切都荟集于圆明园。圆明园是规模巨大的幻想的原型，如果幻想也可能有原型的话。只要想象出一种无法描绘的建筑物，一种如同月宫似的仙境，那就是圆明园。假定有一座集人类想象力之大成的宝岛，以宫殿庙宇的形象出现，那就是圆明园。为了建造圆明园，人们经历了两代人的长期劳动。后来又经过几世纪的营造，究竟是为谁而建的呢?为人民。因为时光的流逝会使一切都属于全人类所有。艺术大师、诗人、哲学家，他们都知道圆明园。伏尔泰亦曾谈到过它。人们一向把希腊的巴特农神庙、埃及的金字塔、罗马的竞技场、巴黎的圣母院和东方的圆明园相提并论。如果不能亲眼目睹圆明园，人们就在梦中看到它。它仿佛在遥远的苍茫暮色中隐约眺见的一件前所未知的惊人杰作，宛如亚洲文明的轮廓崛起在欧洲文明的地平线上一样。这一奇迹现已荡然无存。有一天，两个强盗闯进了圆明园。一个强盗大肆掠劫，另一个强盗纵火焚烧。从他们的行为来看，胜利者也可能是强盗。一场对圆明园的空前洗劫开始了，两个征服者平分赃物。真是丰功伟绩，天赐的横财!两个胜利者一个装满了他的口袋，另一个看见了，就塞满了他的箱子。然后，他们手挽着手，哈哈大笑着回到了欧洲。这就是这两个强盗的历史。在历史面前，这两个强盗一个叫法国，另一个叫英国。对他们我要提出抗议，并且谢谢您给了我抗议的机会。统治者犯下的罪行同被统治者是不相干的；政府有时会是强盗，可是人民永远不会。法兰西帝国从这次胜利中获得了一半赃物，现在它又天真得仿佛自己就是真正的物主似的，将圆明园辉煌的掠夺物拿出来展览。我渴望有朝一日法国能摆脱重负，清洗罪恶，把这些财富归还被劫掠的中国。先生，这就是我对远征中国的赞赏。 2) I have a Dreamby Martin Luther King, Jr. Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963 Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimi