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二章280c51单片机的存储器的组织采用何种结构?存储器地址空间如何划分?各地址空间的地址范围和容量如何?在使用上有何特点?答:采用哈佛结构,在物理上设计成程序存储器和数据存储器两个独立的空间;80c51基本型单片机片内程序存储器为4kb,地址范围是0000h-0fffh,用于存放程序或常数;片内数据存储器为128字节ram,地址范围是00h-7fh,用于存放运算的中间结果、暂存数据和数据缓冲;另外在80h-ffh还配有21个sfr。4如果80c51单片机晶振频率分别为6 mhz、11.0592 mhz、12mhz时,机器周期分别为多少?答:机器周期分别为2s,1.085s,1s。680c51单片机的片内、片外存储器如何选择?答:80c51的引脚为访问片内、片外程序存储器的选择端。访问片内、片外数据存储器需要采用不同的指令加以区分。880c51单片机的当前工作寄存器组如何选择?答:当前工作寄存器组的选择由特殊功能寄存器中的程序状态字寄存器psw的rs1、rs0 来决定。三章10完成某种操作可以采用几条指令构成的指令序列实现,试写出完成以下每种操作的指令序列。(1)将r0的内容传送到r1;(2)内部ram单元60h的内容传送到寄存器r2;(3)外部ram单元1000h的内容传送到内部ram单元60h;(4)外部ram单元1000h的内容传送到寄存器r2;(5)外部ram单元1000h的内容传送到外部ram单元2000h。答:(1)mov a,r0mov r1,a(2)mov r2,60h(3)mov dptr,#1000hmovx a,dptrmov 60h,a(4)mov dptr,#1000hmovx a,dptrmov r2,a(5)mov dptr,#1000hmovx a,dptrmov dptr,#2000hmovx dptr, a11若(r1)=30h,(a)=40h,(30h)=60h,(40h)=08h。试分析执行下列程序段后上述各单元内容的变化。mov a,r1mov r1,40hmov 40h,amov r1,#7fh答:(r1)=7fh(a)=60h(30h)=08h(40h)=60h12若(a)=e8h,(r0)=40h,(r1)=20h,(r4)=3ah,(40h)=2ch,(20h)=0fh,试写出下列各指令独立执行后有关寄存器和存储单元的内容?若该指令影响标志位,试指出cy、ac、和ov的值。(1)mov a,r0(2)anl 40h,#0fh(3)add a,r4(4)swap a(5)dec r1(6)xchd a,r1答:(1)(a)=2ch(2)(40h)=0ch(3)(a)=22h,(cy)=1,(ac)=1,(ov)=0(4)(a)=8eh(5)(20h)=0eh,p=1(6)(a)=efh,(20)=08h13若(50h)=40h,试写出执行以下程序段后累加器a、寄存器r0及内部ram的40h、41h、42h单元中的内容各为多少? mov a,50h mov r0,a mov a,#00h mov r0,a mov a,#3bh mov 41h,a mov 42h,41h答:(a)=3bh,(r0)=40h,(40h)=00h,(41h)=3bh,(42h)=3bh。15试编写程序,将内部ram的20h、21h、22h三个连续单元的内容依次存入2fh、2eh和2dh单元。答:mov 2fh,20h mov 2eh,21hmov 2dh,22h16试编写程序,完成两个16位数的减法:7f4dh2b4eh,结果存入内部ram的30h和31h单元,30h单元存差的高8位,31h单元存差的低8位。答:clr cymov 30h,#7fhmov 31h,#4dhmov r0, #31hmov a,r0subb a ,#4emov r0,a ;保存低字节相减结果dec r0mov a, r0subb a,#2bhmov r0,a ;保存高字节相减结果17试编写程序,将r1中的低4位数与r2中的高4位数合并成一个8位数,并将其存放在r1中。答:mova, r1; anl a, #0fh;mov r1,amov a,r2anl a,#0f0horl a,rimov r1,a18试编写程序,将内部ram的20h、21h单元的两个无符号数相乘,结果存放在r2、r3中,r2中存放高8位,r3中存放低8位。答:mov a,20hmov b,21hmul abmov r3,amov r2,b四章7编写程序,把外部ram中1000h101fh的内容传送到内部ram的30h4fh中。答:org 0000hmov dptr,#1000h mov r0,#30hmov r7,#32loop:movx a,dptrmov r0,ainc r0inc dptrdjnz r7,loop ret8编写程序,实现双字节无符号数加法运算,要求(r0r1)+(r6r7)(60h61h)。答:org 0000hmov a,r1add a,r7mov 61h,amov a,r0addc a,r6 mov 60h,asjmp $ end9若80c51的晶振频率为6mhz,试计算延时子程序的延时时间。delay:movr7,#0f6hlp:movr6,#0fahdjnz r6,$djnz r7,lpret答:延时时间:2s*1+((1+2*250+2)*246)+2+2=0.247486秒(含调用指令2个机器周期)10在内部ram的30h37h单元存有一组单字节无符号数。要求找出最大数存入big单元。试编写程序实现。答:org 0000hbig data 2fhone data 2ahtwo data 2bhstart:mov r7,#7 ;比较次数 mov r0,#30h loop:mov a,r0 mov one,a inc r0 mov two,r0 clr c subb a,r0 jc next ;one小,two大继续比下一对数 mov r0,one ;one大放后面(交换) dec r0 mov r0,two ;two小放前面 inc r0 ; next:djnz r7,loop mov big,37hsjmp $end11编写程序,把累加器a中的二进制数变换成3位bcd码,并将百、十、个位数分别存放在内部ram的50h、51h、52h中。答:单字节二进制数转换为压缩的bcd码仅需要2个字节;在将压缩的bcd码拆分存于3个单元。org 0mov 52h,#0mov 51h,#0mov 50h,#0mov a,#0fdhlcall dcdthsjmp $ dcdth:mov r7,#8 mov r0,a ;暂存于r0 loop:clr c mov a,r0 rlc a mov r0,amov r1,#51h; mov a,r1 ;addc a,r1 ; da a ; mov r1,a ;dec r1 mov a,r1 addc a,r1 da a mov r1,adjnz r7,loop inc r1 ;50h已是结果,r1指向51h,51h单元需拆分mov a,#00hxchd a,r1mov 52h,amov a,r1swap amov r1,aretend12编写子程序,将r1中的2个十六进制数转换为ascii码后存放在r3和r4中。答:org 0mov r1,#5bhmov a,r1 anl a,#0f0h swap a acall ascii mov r3,a mov a,r1 anl a, #0fh acall ascii mov r4, a sjmp $ascii:push acc clr c subb a, #0ah pop acc jc loop add a, #07hloop: add a, #30h retend13编写程序,求内部ram中50h59h十个单元内容的平均值,并存放在5ah单元。答: org 0000h mov r7,#10 mov r0,#50h mov b,#10 clr c clr aloop:addc a,r0 inc r0djnz r7,loop div ab mov 5ah,asjmp $end14如图4.10所示,编制程序实现:上电后显示“p”,有键按下时显示相应的键号“0”“7”。答:实现程序如下:temp equ 30horg 0000hjmp startorg 0100hstart:mov sp,#5fh mov p0,#8ch ;正序显示pmov p3,#0ffh ;输入方式clr cynokey:mov a,p3 cpl ajz nokey ;无键按下mov temp,p3 ;有键按下call d10msmov a,p3cjne a,temp,nokey ;去抖动mov r2,#0 ;键号计数器复位mov a,templp:rrc ajnc doneinc r2sjmp lp done:mov a,r2mov dptr,#code_p0movc a,a+dptr mov p0,ajmp nokeyd10ms:movr5,#10 ;10msd1ms:movr4,#249dl:nopnop djnz r4,dldjnz r5,d1msret code_p0: db 0c0h,0f9h,0a4h,0b0h,99h,92h,82h,0f8h db 80h,90h,88h,83h,0c6h,0a1h,86h,8eh end 五章1.80c51有几个中断源?各中断标志是如何产生的?又是如何复位的?cpu响应各中断时,其中断入口地址是多少?答:5个中断源,分别为外中断和、t0和t1溢出中断、串口中断。电平方式触发的外中断标志与引脚信号一致;边沿方式触发的外中断响应中断后由硬件自动复位。t0和t1,cpu响应中断时,由硬件自动复位。ri和ti,由硬件置位。必须由软件复位。另外,所有能产生中断的标志位均可由软件置位或复位。各中断入口地址:0003h,t0000bh,0013h,t1001bh,ri和ti0023h。3.外部中断源有电平触发和边沿触发两种触发方式,这两种触发方式所产生的中断过程有何不同?怎样设定?答:当it0=0时,为电平触发方式。电平触发方式时,cpu在每个机器周期的s5p2采样引脚电平,当采样到低电平时,置ie0向cpu请求中断;采样到高电平时,将ie0清0。在电平触发方式下,cpu响应中断时,不能自动清除ie0标志。电平触发方式时,外部中断源的有效低电平必须保持到请求获得响应时为止,不然就会漏掉;在中断服务结束之前,中断源的有效的低电平必须撤除,否则中断返回之后将再次产生中断。该方式适合于外部中断输入为低电平,且在中断服务程序中能清除外部中断请求源的情况。当it0=1时,为边沿触发方式。边沿触发方式时,cpu在每个机器周期的s5p2采样引脚电平,如果在连续的两个机器周期检测到引脚由高电平变为低电平,即第一个周期采样到=1,第二个周期采样到=0,则置ie01,产生中断请求。在边沿触发方式下,cpu响应中断时,能由硬件自动清除ie0标志。边沿触发方式时,在相继两次采样中,先采样到外部中断输入为高电平,下一个周期采样到为低电平,则在ie0或ie1中将锁存一个逻辑1。若cpu暂时不能响应,中断申请标志也不会丢失,直到cpu响应此中断时才清0。另外,为了保证下降沿能够被可靠地采样到,和引脚上的负脉冲宽度至少要保持一个机器周期(若晶振频率为12mhz,为1微秒)。边沿触发方式适合于以负脉冲形式输入的外部中断请求。8.利用定时/计数器t0从p1.0输出周期为1s,脉宽为20ms的正脉冲信号,晶振频率为12mhz。试设计程序。答:采用定时20ms,然后再计数1、49次的方法实现。a、t0工作在定时方式1时,控制字tmod配置:m1m0=01,gate=0,c/=0,可取方式控制字为01h;b、计算计数初值x:晶振为12 mhz,所以机器周期tcy为1。nt/ tcy 20103/110620000x216n6553620000455364e20h即应将4eh送入th1中,20h送入tl1中。c、实现程序如下: org 0000h ajmp main ;跳转到主程序 org 0030h main:mov tmod,#01h ;设t1工作于方式2 mov th0,# 4eh ;装入循环计数初值 mov tl0,#20h ;首次计数值 lp0:setb p1.0 acall nt0 clr p1.0 mov r7,#49 ;计数49次 lp1:acall nt0djnz r7,lp1ajmp lp0 nt0:mov th0,# 4eh mov tl0,#20h setb tr0 jnb tf0,$ clr tr0 clr tf0 ret end9.要求从p1.1引脚输出1000hz方波,晶振频率为12mhz。试设计程序。答:采用t0实现a、t0工作在定时方式1时,控制字tmod配置:m1m0=01,gate=0,c/=0,可取方式控制字为01h;b、计算计数初值x:晶振为12 mhz,所以机器周期tcy为1。1/1000=1103nt/ tcy 0.5103/1106500x216n6553650065036fe0ch 即应将feh送入th0中,0ch送入tl0中。c、实现程序如下: org 0000h ajmp main ;跳转到主程序 org 000bh ;t0的中断入口地址ljmp dvt0 org 0030hmain:mov tmod,#01h ;设t0工作于方式2 mov th0,#0feh ;装入循环计数初值 mov tl0,#0ch ;首次计数值 setb et0;t0开中断 setb ea ;cpu开中断 setb tr0;启动t0 sjmp $ ;等待中断 dvt0:cpl p1.1 mov th0,#0feh mov tl0,# 0ch setb tr0 reti end10.试用定时/计数器t1对外部事件计数。要求每计数100,就将t1改成定时方式,控制p1.7输出一个脉宽为10ms的正脉冲,然后又转为计数方式,如此反复循环。设晶振频率为12mhz。答:a、t1工作在计数方式2时,控制字tmod配置:m1m0=10,gate=0,c/=1,可取方式控制字为60h;t1工作在定时方式1时,控制字tmod配置:m1m0=01,gate=0,c/=0,可取方式控制字为10h;b、计算初值x:定时10ms时:晶振为12 mhz,所以机器周期tcy为1。nt/ tcy 10103/110610000x216n655361000055536d8f0h即应将d8h送入th1中,f0h送入tl1中。计数100时:n100 x28n2561001569chc、实现程序如下: org 0000h ajmp main ;跳转到主程序 org 001bh ;t1的中断入口地址ljmp dvt1 org 0030h main:mov tmod,#60h ;t1工作于计数方式2 mov th1,#9ch ;装入计数初值 mov tl1,#9ch ; clr p1.7 setb et1 ;t1开中断 setb ea ;cpu开中断 setb tr1 ;启动t1 sjmp $ ;等待中断 dvt1:setb p1.7 clr et1 clr tr1 mov tmod,#10h ;t1工作于定时方式1 mov th1,#0d8h ;装初值 mov tl1,#0f0h setb tr1 jnb tf1,$ ;查询等待10msclr tf1 clr tr1 clr p1.7 mov tmod,#60h ;t1工作于计数方式2 mov th1,#9ch ;装初值 mov tl1,#9ch ; setb et1 ;t1开中断 setb tr1 ;启动t1 reti end11.利用定时/计数器t0产生定时时钟,由p1口控制8个指示灯。编一个程序,使8个指示灯依次闪动,闪动频率为1次/秒(即,亮1秒后熄灭并点亮下一个,-)。答:采用定时20ms,计数50次实现1秒定时。编制1秒延时子程序,由主程序调用。a、t0工作在定时方式1时,控制字tmod配置:m1m0=01,gate=0,c/=0,可取方式控制字为01h;b、计算计数初值x:晶振为12 mhz,所以机器周期tcy为1。nt/ tcy 20103/110620000x216n6553620000455364e20h即应将4eh送入th1中,20h送入tl1中。c、实现程序如下: org 0000h ajmp main ;跳转到主程序 org 0030hmain:clr cymov a,#01hlp0:mov p1,acall d1sec rl aajmp lp0d1sec:mov r7,#50 ;计数50次mov tmod,#01hdl:mov th0,#4eh mov tl0,#20h setb tr0 jnb tf0,$ clr tr0 clr tf0 djnz r7,dl ret end六章5利用单片机串行口扩展并行输入接口电路如图所示。试编写程序完成将sw1sw8的状态反应在p0口所接的led上(如sw1闭合时l7应点亮)。答:电路图如下: org 0000h mov scon,#10h loop:clr p1.7 nop nop nopsetb p1.7clr rijnb ri,$mov a,subfsjmp loopend6利用单片机串行口扩展并行输出接口电路如图所示。试编写程序完成将sw1sw8的状态反应在移位寄存器74ls164所接的led上(如sw1闭合时l0应点亮)。答:电路图如下:org 0000h mov scon,#00h mov p1,#0ffhloop:mov a,p1 mov subf,a jnb ti,$ clr tisjmp loopend七章1以80c31为主机,用2片27c256扩展64keprom,试画出接口电路。答:2以80c31为主机,用1片27c512扩展64keprom,试画出接口电路。答:3以80c31为主机,用1片27c256扩展32kram,同时要扩展8k的ram,试画出接口电路。答:八章3试根据图8.3的接口电路编制程序,实现产生正向的锯齿波。答:设data1和data2为锯齿波的最低和最高值,有:start:mov dptr,#7fffh mov r7,#data1step1:mov a,r7movx dptr,a inc r7 cjne r7,# data2,step1 jmp start4根据图8.6所示的接口电路,若要从该a/d转换器的通道1采集数据,每隔10ms读入4个数据,并将数据存入地址为30h33h的内部数据存储器中。试设计该程序。答: org 0 jmp main org 0013h jmp int1 org 0040hmain:mov sp,#5fh mov dptr,#7ff9h setb it1 setb ex1 setb ealp1:mov r0,#30h mov r7,#4 lp2:movx dptr,a sjmp $ djnz r7,lp2 call d10ms sjmp lp1d10ms:movr5,#10d1ms:movr4,#249dl:nopnop djnz r4,dldjnz r5,d1msret org 0300h int1:movx a,dptr mov r0,a reti以下是大学体验英语综合教程2(第三版)课后翻译答案unit11. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote)answer:anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.2. 每学期开学前,这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship)answer:a form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester.3. 遵照医生的建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of)answer:on the advice of my doctor, i decided to give up smoking.4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in)answer:the park is located right in the center of town.5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities)answer:the university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静,但是收效甚微。(search for)answer:they spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success.2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。(revolutionize)answer:the successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases.3. 由于这个国家的经济不景气,这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of)answer:the company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country.4. 大学毕业后他成为了一名护士。他认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding)answer:he became a nurse after college. he thought nursing could be a very rewarding career.5. 他像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as)answer:he signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it.unit21. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。(fill out)answer:the policemen are busy fi lling out forms about the accident.2. 我想在还车之前把油箱加满。(fill up, fuel tank)answer:i want to fi ll up the fuel tank before returning the car.3. 如果你要投诉,最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure)answer:if you want to make a complaint, youd better follow the correct procedure.4. 要不是约翰帮忙,我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without)answer:we couldnt have fi nished the experiment so soon without johns help.5. 暴风雨之后,岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。(scan for)answer:after the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.1. 这个国家不大,但是在国际事务中它却发挥着重要作用。(play a role)answer:this country is not big, but it plays an important role in international affairs.2. 正是在我叔叔的帮助下,我得以克服困难,按时完成了任务。(it is . that)answer:it was with the help of my uncle that i overcame the difficulty and completed the assignment in time.3. 毕业时他决定留在北京,而他最好的朋友却选择了去西藏。(while)answer:while he decided to stay in beijing upon graduation, his best friend chose to go to tibet.4. 在这次校园英语演讲比赛中,我们班的玛丽获得了第三名。(come in)answer:in this campus english speaking contest, mary from our class came in third.5. 你应该知道学习弹钢琴需要有时间,有金钱,还要有毅力。(as well as)answer:you should know that it takes time, money as well as perseverance to learn to play the piano.unit31. 我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。(increasingly)answer:i find it increasingly difficult to live within my income.2. 现代政治家们都试图以电视讲话来影响普通百姓。(reach out)answer:modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their tv speeches.3. 应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。(adopt)answer:pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life.4. 希望全班同学参加这些讨论。(participate in)answer:everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.5. 如果你犯了罪就必须受到惩罚。(crime)answer:if you commit a crime you must expect to be punished.1.儿子的死让老妇人变得麻木痴呆了。(numb)answer:the old woman was numbed by her sons death.2.身处所有这些烦恼之中,他依然能保持乐观。(in the midst)answer:in the midst of all troubles, he managed to remain cheerful.3. 虽有困难,他们还是设法坚持试验下去。(carry on)answer:they managed to carry on their experiments in spite of the difficulties.4.我们必须淘汰不合格的申请人。(weed out)answer:we have to weed out unqualified applicants.5. 医生要他减少抽烟。(cut down on)answer:the doctor told him to cut down on smoking.unit41.她在公共汽车站一直等到末班车进站。(come in)answer:she waited at the bus stop until the last bus came in.2.如果我们能帮得上忙,尽管和我们联系。(contact)answer:if there is any way we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.3 .他需要多少船务人员才能使他的游艇航行?(crew, yacht)answer:how many crew does he need to sail his yacht?4 .虽然她的新书没有上一本好,但是我还是喜欢它。(not quite as)answer:i enjoyed her new book though its not quite as good as her last one.5 .我从未遇到过如此善良的人。(never before)answer:never before have i met such a kind person.1.公共汽车放慢速度并停下,让那位乘客上车。(slow down)answer:the bus slowed down and stopped to allow the passenger to get on board.2.许多车子都驶过去了,可是没有一辆愿意让我们搭便车。(roll by)answer:many vehicles rolled by, but no one offered us a ride.3 .请勿践踏草地。(get off)answer:please get off the grass.4.他按妻子的吩咐,一下班就去了市场。(make ones way)answer:he made his way to the marketplace right after work, as his wife had asked him to do.5 .值得庆幸的是,史蒂夫 (steve) 从自行车上摔下来时没有摔断骨头。(luckily)answer:luckily, steve didnt break any bones when he fell off his bike.unit51. 我们得把感情放在一边,从专业的角度来对待这件事。(from a professional standpoint)answer:we have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint.2. 这部戏非常精彩,我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。(lose oneself in)answer:the play was so wonderful that i soon lost myself in the excitement of it.3 .她没有什么爱好除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。(unless)answer:she hasnt got any hobbies unless you call watching tv a hobby.4. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。(first-hand)answer:he said that he had got the information first-hand from the mayor himself.5 .既然你不能回答这个问题,我们最好问问别人。(since)answer:since you cant answer the question, perhaps wed better ask someone else.1. 由于公共汽车司机突然刹车,旅客们都不由自主地向前摔倒。(brake, pitch forward)answer:all the passengers pitched forward because the bus driver braked sharply.2. 这个协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的障碍。(break through, obstacle)answer:this agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade.3 .我刚放下叫出租车的电话,车就来了。(soon after)answer:the taxi arrived soon after i rang for it.4. 在过去,不管我什么时候到家,我父母总会等我。(no matter)answer:my parents always waited up for me no matter what time i got home.5 .由于没有一方愿意让步,两个公司之间的对话完全破裂了。(break down)answer:talks between the two companies completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in.unit61. 那件工作很难做,不过我想试试看。(have a shot)answer:its a difficult job, but id like to have a shot.2. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。(as opposed to)answer:this is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.3. 社会活动从未耽误她的学习。(in the way)answer:social activities never get in the way of her studies.4. 直到1911年人们才发现第一种维生素。(it is not until . that)answer:it was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.5. 尽管年事已高,爷爷每天还帮忙做家务。(despite)answer:despite advanced years, grandpa helps do housework every day.1. 我们的婚姻很幸福,但我们也曾经历过许多坎坷。(ups and downs)answer:our marriage is happy but weve had many ups and downs.2. 许多外语教师常常在课堂上自顾自地讲得太多。(be inclined to)answer:many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class.3. 那位著名演员每天早晨锻炼一小时以保持健康。(work out)answer

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