《b型肝炎的製藥》PPT课件.ppt

B型肝炎的製藥 第一組 主講人： 生科系 江筱筠 生科系 陳勃睿 科管所 王聰哲 生科系 齊 康 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 型肝炎（hepatitis B） 病毒性肝炎 傳染方式 傳染途徑 B型肝炎病毒 潛伏期 約二個月或更久 傳染途徑 (1) 母子傳染（又稱垂直傳染） (2) 水平感染 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B型肝炎病毒 不完全雙股DNA病毒 分類上屬於hepadnavirus 大小約為42 nm 西元1965年 Blumberg 所發現 “澳洲抗原” (1976 Nobel Prize) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B肝病毒 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) surface coat inner protein shell = core particle = capsid Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B型肝炎表面抗原 ( hepatitis B surface antigen ) B型肝炎核心抗原 (hepatitis B core antigen) 核心抗原的一部份會被釋放到受感染的細胞外， 成為B型肝炎e抗原 (hepatitis B e antigen, HBeAg) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. How the virus reproduces ? Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. First the virus attaches to a liver cells membrane. nucleus Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The virus is then transported into the liver cell. nucleus Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The core particle then releases its contents of DNA and DNA polymerase into the liver cell nucleus. nucleus Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Once within the cell nucleus, the HBV DNA causes the liver cell to produce, via mRNA, surface proteins, core protein, DNA polymerase.DNA polymerase causes the liver cell to make copies of HBV DNA from mRNA. DNA Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The cell then assembles copies of the virus. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. However because of the excess numbers of surface proteins produced, many of these stick together to form small spheres and chains. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The copies of the virus and excess surface antigen are released into the blood stream and can infect other liver cells and thus replicate effectively. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Life cycle Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B型肝炎如何致病？ HBV主要的致病機轉並不是直接殺死肝細胞，它是藉 由人體的免疫機轉而導致肝細胞壞死的。人體免疫系 統內的T cell，平常不會攻擊體內的正常細胞，當體內 的正常細胞遭受到病菌感染時，它就會將已受感染的 細胞殺死，目的是為了要除去入侵的病菌。 B型肝炎病毒導致肝炎就是經由這樣的途徑。T cell要 將HBV驅除出境，然而HBV是在肝細胞內，所以在T cell欲除去HBV同時，肝細胞也跟著陪葬了。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 全球B型肝炎患者分布情形 根據世界衛生組織的估計，全球約有二十億人感染 型肝炎病毒；其中慢性型肝炎患者達三億五千萬人 。 資料來源： Centers for Desease Control and Prevention (CDC) HBsAg Prevalence 8% - High 2-7% - Intermediate 60% early childhood infections common Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. HBsAg Prevalence 8% - High 2-7% - Intermediate 20韓國7.3 臺灣15-20新加坡 6 印度16菲律賓5-16 香港11馬來西亞3-5 越南10.0印度尼西亞2.5-5.0 泰國8日本0.8 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Age at Infection Chronic Infection (%) Birth1-6 months7-12 months1-4 yearsOlder Children and Adults 100 80 60 40 20 0 慢性B型肝炎感染年齡層 資料來源： Centers for Desease Control and Prevention (CDC) 新生兒感染率：90% 1-5歲感染率：45% 5歲以上感染率：10% Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 西藥與B型肝炎治療Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 現況 目前經由美國FDA核准上市的B型肝炎用藥可分 為干擾素(interferon)和核苷類似物(nucleotide analogue): Interferon Intron A 主要成份為recombinant interferon -2b，由 Schering-Plough製造 Nuleotide analogue Epivir-HBV 主要成份為lamivudine，簡稱3TC，由 GlaxoSmithKline製造 Hepsera 主要成份為adefovir dipivoxil，由Gilead Sciences 製造 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Intron A 簡介： Intron A中interferon -2b的作用是使B 型肝炎病毒 由高活性變成低活性，可以降低日後發生肝硬化甚至肝癌 的機會 作用機制： Interferon由受病毒感染的宿主細胞產生的一 種糖蛋白， 能作用在其他宿主細胞上，刺激未受感染的 細胞，使細胞進入抗病毒狀態，產生許多antiviral effector molecules，這些分子會改變細胞表面蛋白質抗原的組成， 使得病毒不易感染細胞；另一方面受干擾素刺激的細胞會 活化RNAse-L，將mRNA分解；還能磷酸化eIF2，降低轉 譯的效率，干擾病毒蛋白質的合成。關於其作用機制尚有 很多不清楚的地方。 副作用：產生像感冒般的症狀，掉頭髮，情緒不穩定，抑 制骨髓造血功能，肝衰竭等等 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Interferon Signal Transduction Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Epivir-HBV 簡介：Lamivudine是一個化學合成的核苷類似物 (nucleoside analogue)，本來是用來治療愛滋病毒的， 在較低劑量時也能對抗B型肝炎病毒，故而有醫師將 之用來治療慢性B型肝炎 作用機制：Lamivudine (2, 3-dideoxy,3-thiacytidine) 是可以抑制病毒反轉錄酵素之藥物(NRTI, nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor)，可以阻斷病毒 DNA的合成而抑制病毒的複製 副作用：極少，但較易產生抗藥性 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Adefovir Dipivoxil 簡介：Adefovir原本是一種治療愛滋病的藥物，後來 研究發現對於抑制B肝病毒也有療效。Adefovir可抑制 B型肝炎病毒複製，改善肝功能指數及肝組織發炎 作用機制：Adefovir dipivoxil (9-(2-phoshonyl- methoxyethyl)-adenine) 是一個deoxyadenosine monophoshate analogue，可以在病毒的複製時進行 chain termination。它是一個化學合成的核甘酸類似物 (nucleotide analogue) 副作用：極少，產生抗藥性的機率低，但長期服用可 能產生腎臟方面的問題 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 台灣現況 台灣經過行政院衛生署發給許可證的B型肝炎 藥物有： 干安能(ZEFFIX，即lamivudine，Glaxo Wellcome製) 因治隆(interferon alfa-2b，Schering-Plough製) 以及多種B型肝炎表面抗原等等 羅飛龍-A(ROFERON-A，也是interferon alfa-2a ，Roche製，但主要是C型肝炎的用藥) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 西藥市場Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B型肝炎治療 B型肝炎治療市場目前仍在開發階段。 根據健保局估計，九十一年度用於病毒性肝炎的醫療 費用約近新台幣五十億元。 預估B型肝炎藥物(HBV anti-viral therapy)市場將超出 10億美金。 產產品名稱型式廠商銷售額(2003年) Intone A (interferon alfa-2b) interferonSchering-Plough$1,900* Hepsera (adefovir dipivoxil) nucleotide analogue Gilead Sciences$50.5 Epivir-HBV (lamivudine; 3TC) nucleotide analogue Glaxo Smith Kline$211 單位：百萬美金 *Combined sales figure for Intron A, PEG-Intron and Rebetol 資料來源： Dr Amanda Caples, ATSE Focus, No. 112, May/Jun 2000 2003 Financial Reports of Schering-Plough, Gilead and GSK Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中藥與B型肝炎治療 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中醫對肝的定義 肝者，將軍之官，謀慮出焉 肝藏血，主疏泄 肝之於中醫：腦及神經系統+ Liver Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 爆肝 v.s 保肝 改善身體環境 情緒 怒則傷肝 睡眠 人臥則血歸於肝 飲食 清淡忌油 中藥 協調失衡 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中醫肝炎治療 中醫治療肝炎不在殺死病毒，而是在 創造身體有利的條件以抵抗病毒 急性肝炎 袪邪為主，偏重祛風去濕，清熱解毒 慢性肝炎 扶正為主，重在調理肝，脾，腎 Copyright Shen-Nong Ltd. 木 火 土金 水 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中醫肝炎治療 八綱辨證（陰陽、表裏、寒熱、虛實 ） 補其虛、瀉其實 Copyright Shen-Nong Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 對症下藥(B型肝炎) 脾虛型：症見食慾不振，水腫，大便溏薄，脈緩苔白。 六君子湯，理中湯，平胃散加減。 半表半裏型：症見口苦，脅痛，疲倦，欲嘔，食慾不振 ，小柴胡湯加減。 氣滯血瘀型：症見舌下青筋怒張，面晦暗，目黃濁，食 慾不振，脅痛，腹脹，腹水，便祕，小便短赤。膈下逐 痛湯加減。 藥膳：茯苓紅棗粥、柴胡疏肝糖漿 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 真珠草清除B肝病毒具潛力 真珠草（Phyllanthus urinaria）是一年生的草本植物 依據本草綱目拾遺中記載，真珠草具 有平肝清熱與利水解毒的效果 韓國、台灣中南部、東部乾燥山區 韓國鄭泰浩博士 2002年六月，真珠草更在韓國 完成第三階段的臨床試驗 資料來源：生技時代 Vol. 11 September, 2002 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 作用機制 治療B肝 抑制HBV逆轉錄脢(HBV reverse transcriptase)及HBV DNA聚合脢(HBV DNA polymerase)作用 保肝 保護肝細胞膜、抗脂質過氧化、促進蛋白質合成、調節 免疫系統 肝淨 2003年4月 獲中華民國衛生署批准臨床試驗。 HBV病毒顆粒 經真珠草萃取液治療後 破壞HBV病毒顆粒 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中西醫比較 西藥中藥 作用機制降低活性增強免疫力 治療方式注射、口服（源自 治療AIDS） 口服 副作用較嚴重無相關資料 治療對象的選 擇 有有 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 檢驗試劑與疫苗 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 檢驗試劑相關簡介 全球體外檢測試劑商機 330億美金 人體用檢驗試劑 260億美金 市場成長性 2%10% 全球檢驗試劑廠商 200家 台灣廠商 20家 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1950 Abbott 發表B型肝炎抗原檢驗試劑 1985 國產B型肝炎檢驗試劑 普生與德國Biognosis開發B型肝炎快速定量檢 測 台欣與美國Sytron技術合作B型肝炎快速檢驗 試劑 晶宇建立開放式B型肝炎檢驗晶片的技術平台 看見基因建立Qgene Detector System 基因偵測 系統應用於B型肝炎檢測技術 金車B型肝炎病毒量偵測定時定量技術 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 衛生署規定 B型肝炎, C型肝炎, 愛滋病及人體噬T淋 巴球病毒(HTLV)四項體外檢驗試劑,從 嚴以藥物型態列管, 必須向衛生署申請查 驗登記才能銷售外, 其他檢驗試劑都屬於 “暫無需辦理查驗登記的醫療器材” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. HBV的檢驗方式 抗原檢驗 表面抗原(HBsAg) e抗原(HBeAg) 抗體檢驗 核心抗體 (anti-HBc ) 核心抗體IgM (IgM anti-HBc ) 表面抗體 (anti-HBs ) e抗體 (anti-HBe ) 肝臟細胞破壞檢驗 ALT：ALT為肝臟細胞酵素，在血液中含量上升超 過30-40 IU/L 表示肝臟受到破壞 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 其他檢測系統 Real-time PCR Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 檢驗試劑市場Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 肝炎檢驗試劑 國內主要廠商 普生為國內生產輸血傳染病檢驗試劑的最大廠商，市場 佔有率也最高，目前肝炎試劑產品包括：A 型、B型、C型全 系列肝炎檢驗等。 永進生物科技之產品為B型及C型肝炎檢驗試劑，產品以 內銷為主，其產品已取得國內及歐洲多項C型肝炎檢驗試劑 相關專利。 國外主要廠商 Roche Molecular Diagnostics Bayer HealthCare Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B型肝炎疫苗 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 發展 1970s 將健康帶原者的血漿經過處理以後，純化出B型肝炎表 面抗原以製成疫苗，打入人體以後刺激產生表面抗體 ，以達到保護的目的。這種血漿製疫苗 (plasma- derived vaccine) 含有22 nm大小的B型肝炎表面抗 原顆粒，其成份只是病毒表面的蛋白質，本身不含有 完整的病毒，所以不具有感染性。 1980s 基因重組疫苗將B型肝炎病毒的S基因，選殖到