维生素及其在动物营养中的作用(英文版).pptx

VitaminsVitamins Name: Zhang enshuang NO. ： 20149151 What are vitamins ? What are vitamins ? ? ? ? ? The vitamin is a kind of trace organic substance that the human and animal must obtained from foods to maintain normal physiological functions,and plays an important role in human growth, metabolism and development. NOTICE: Vitamins neither participate in the forming of human cells nor provide energy for the body. The classification of vitamins The classification of vitamins Based on the different solubility, the vitamins can be divided into the fat soluble- vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. vitamins Water-soluble Vitamin C B vitamins Fat- soluble Vitamin A D,E,K Functions ,Functions ,Deficiencise and SourcesDeficiencise and Sources Vitamin Function ? Deficiency ? ? Sources? Vitamin AVitamin A Functions: 1.The Vitamin A can maintains normal eyesight and prevent nyctalopia(夜盲症）and dry-eye disease. Rhodopsin（视紫质） is an important part of the retina(视网膜)If animal lacks vitamin A, It can not synthesize enoenough rhodopsin , which could lead to night blindness. 2. VA is related to regulation of nutrient metabolism. Vitamin A has something to do with the metabolism of carbohy- drate ,fat,protein and mineral.In fact, it plays a role of regu- lating. Vitamin AVitamin A Deficiency Lacking of vitamin A for a long time ,the animal would suffers from the night blindness.Growth and productivity slow down. The laying rate and the hatching rate of the poutry show a down trend. The fur of the animal looks rough.The animal will lost the appetite. Sources Vitamin A comes mainly from the animal sources , such as the fish meal,egg yolk,milk,blood meal animal liver and so on. Vitamin DVitamin D Functions: 1.Promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D can promote the formation of calcium-bind protein in enterocytes(肠细胞) and activate the transport system of cal- cium and phosphorus in intestinal epithelial(上皮的) cells.In addit- ion ,Vitamin D can help the renal tubular(肾小球) to reabsorb the Calcium and phosphate. 2.VD is important for the growth of bones and teeth. The storage of calcium and phosphorus in bone can be controled by Vitamin D,which can improve the state of calcium and phosp- horus. Vitamin DVitamin D Deficiency A lack of Vitamin D can lead to stop of bone calcification.As a result of that, rickets (佝偻病) will appear in young animals and osteomalacia(骨软化症) or osteoporosis(骨质疏松症) will appear in adult animals. Besides,the laying rate of poultry reduce. Sources In nature,Vitamin D exists in a variety of forms.Such as D2,D3 and D4.Among them,D2 and D3 are the most important for animals.The Vitamin D2 mainly comes from plants while the Vitamin D3 mainly comes from animal sources. Vitamin EVitamin E Functions: 1.It has the promotion of sex hormone secretion and the regula- tion of gonadal(性腺) development and function.It can improves the reproductive function.So it also called tocopherol. 2.VE can leads to a termination of peroxidation process of body fat , stabilizes the unsaturated fatty acids and protects the inte- grity of biological membranes. 3.VE is necessary for the structure & function of skeletal muscle (骨骼肌) ,cardiac muscle (心肌) ，and the smooth muscle. Vitamin EVitamin E Deficiency When it is lacking,the muscular dystrophy(营养不良)(white muscle disease) occures first.In addition,it also has a serious influence on the reproductive function.Especially for the male animals,the sperm cell formation blocked,the semen quality is poor,all these lead to infertility (不育).For female,the conception rate decline,the embryo(胚胎) is prone to death in the midway. Sources Animal source:only in colostrum(初乳)of cattle and human Plant source:widely in nature,vegetable oil especially wheat germ oil. The most of green feed is a good source. Typical deficience Cerebellar softening Vitamin KVitamin K Functions: Vk involved in the synthesis(合成)of prothrombin(凝血酶原) in liver and maintain the normal blood coagulation.Moreover, It can strengthen the detoxification(解毒能力) of liver and help control the