《机械专业英语unit》PPT课件.ppt

Unit 2 Industrial Robots 工业机器人 KR 3工业机器人 Dialogue Topical introduction: Tom and Mary are now visiting an industrial robot show in a university. A young girl named Marcy is in charge of showing the visitors around. Marcy: Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our industrial robot show. Im Marcy Margaret. My job is to show you around. You can ask me about anything you do not understand. Mary: How interesting to see so many kinds of robots here. Excuse me, Marcy, but I wonder why these robots do not look like nor behave like human beings? wMarcy: Ah, I see. The point here is that what we show you are not other kinds of robots but industrial ones. We neednt make them look like us humans. wMary: Well, I understand. Now could you tell us what these industrial robots can do for us? wMarcy: Sure. These robots can do many things for us. They can help us, for example, to handle materials, spray paint, rescue people from the fire, and even help to explore deep oceans and outer- space. wTom: Uh, how great robots are! But what makes robots able to work for us so marvelously? w spray painting 喷涂 marvelously奇迹般地,奇异地 wMarcy: Its nothing else but the computer programs. Robots are a programmable mechanical manipulator. Being programmed with human instructions, they can move along several directions and do factory work usually done by human beings. wMary: Oh, thats wonderful. But whats the difference between robot and my handy calculator or my home washing machine, now that all of them belong to some reprogrammable mechanical manipulator. wprogrammable mechanical manipulator 可编程机械装置 wMarcy: Okay, its a clever question. But I think, here you mix a robot with an ordinary washing machine because you forget a robot can do a stand-alone operation, that is, rather independent jobs, while a washing machine cant. So, when we talk about industrial robots, we mean a machine or device, which is something reprogrammable with its own end effector, which can perform a factory duty in a stand-alone manner. wTom: Oh, I see. I guess, my automatic watch and my home washing machine cannot play chess with me while a robot can. wMarcy: Thats right. Youre a clever boy, I see. w w 依利达工业机器人 w KR3，KR180-1049 Text Industrial robots are beginning now to revolutionize industry. These robots do not look or behave like human beings, but they do the work of humans. 工业机器人现在正开始对工业进行一场革命。这 些机器人的样子和行为方式不很像人，但它们干的 是人类的工作。 revolutionize v. 革命，革命性变革 w Robots are particularly useful in a wide variety of applications, such as material handling, spray painting, spot welding, arch welding, inspection, and assembly, current research efforts focus on creating a “smart” robot that can “see”, “hear, ”and “touch” and consequently make decisions. w 机器人在十分广泛多样的应用领域中具有特殊用途，例如 进行材料搬运、喷涂、点焊、弧形焊接、检测、组装。当前 对机器人的研究集中致力于建造“精明的”，集“视”、“听”和“ 触摸”等功能于一身并能由此作出决定的机器人。 w a wide variety of 广泛的 spray v. 喷涂 w The technology of robots is related to , but differs somewhat from, NC technology in that robots effect higher velocity and movement in more axes of motions. While with NC only a point, namely the endpoint of the cutter, is controlled in the space, with robots both the endpoint and orientation are manipulated. This requires more degrees of freedom, more powerful software, and more effective control algorithms. w 机器人技术与数控技术有一定的关系，但与之不同之处在 于机器人在更多轴向运动中产生更高的速率和运动。使用数 控技术在一定空间内所控制的只是一个点，也就是刀具的端 点。但对于机器人来说，要同时控制端点和方向，因此需要 更多的自由度、功能更强大的软件，以及更为有效的控制算 法。 w orientation n. 方向，定位 manipulate v. 处理，操纵 Basic concepts in robotics w The industrial robot is a programmable mechanical manipulator, capable of moving along several directions, equipped at its end with a device called the end-effector, and performs factory work ordinarily done by human beings. w机器人技术的基本概念 w 工业机器人是一种可编程机械操纵装置，它能沿 几个方向运动，其末端装有称作末端执行器装置， 能从事通常情况下人类所进行的工厂作业。 w The term robot is used for a manipulator that has a built-in control system and is capable of stand-alone operation. w Websters dictionary defines a robot as “any mechanical device operated automatically to perform in a seemingly human way.” w 机器人这一术语就是用来称谓某种内置控 制系统并能进行独立作业的机械手。 w 韦氏辞典给机器人下的定义是：“任何以类 人方式进行工作的、能自动运转的机械装置” 。 w in a seemingly human way以类人的方式 w By this definition, a garage door opener, which automatically opens the door by remote control is also a robot. Obviously this is not an industrial robot. The Robot Institute of America (RIA) defines the industrial robot as “a reprogrammable multi-functional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or other specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.” w 按此定义，通过遥控可自动开启车库大门的装置 也称作机器人。显然，这种装置不能不能算工业机 器人。美国机器人研究院将工业机器人定义为“设 计用来移动材料、零件、工具或其他专用装置的可 重复编程的多功能操纵器，它能通过各种编程动作 进行多种作业。” w By this definition, however, a washing machine is also a robot. The wash and rinse cycles are programmable and the machine moves material in rotary motions. Therefore, a definition of an industrial robot must include the following key words: programmable manipulator, end-effector, factory work, and stand-alone operation. w 然而根据这一定义，洗衣机同样也是一个机器人 ，因为清洗和漂净周期是可编程的，洗衣机作旋转 运动移动被清洗的衣物。因此，工业机器人的定义 必须包括如下关键词：可编程的操纵器、终端执行 器、工厂作业、独立完成作业。 w by this definition 根据该定义 w If one or more of these key words is missing, then washing machine, traffic lights, special purpose mechanisms and manufacturing machines for mass production are defined as robots as well, and this is not our intention. w 如果丢掉这些关键词中的一个或几个的话，那么 洗衣机、红绿灯、专用机械和用于生产批量产品的 制造机床都可以定义为机器人了，但这却不是我们 的本意所在。 w In general, the structure of a robot manipulator is composed of a mainframe and a wrist at its end. The main frame is frequently denoted as the arm, and the most distal group of joints affecting the motion of the end-effector is referred to collectively as the wrist. w 总而言之，机器人的结构由主体构架及一 个在末端的腕组成。其主体构架通常称为手 臂，而影响末端感应器动作，离主体构架距 离最远的关节组则称为腕。 w mainframe n. 主框架 collective a. 集体的，集合的 w The end-effector can be a welding head, a spray gun, a machining tool, or a gripper containing on-off jaws, depending upon the specific application of the robot. Each of these devices is mounted at the end of the robot and performs the work, and therefore is also denoted as the robot tool. w 依机器人具体应用之不同，末端执行器可以是一 个焊头、一把喷枪、一个机器人加工刀具，或一个 可以开、闭的钳爪。上述每一个装置都安装在机器 人的末端进行作业，所以又称之为“机器人工具”。 Notes w1. Current research efforts focus on creating a “smart” robot that can “see”, “hear”, and “touch” and consequently make decisions. 本句的意思 是：当前研究主要集中在建造能“看”、能“听 ”能“触摸”的 “聪明的”机器人。此处的“smart” （聪明的）robot指的是我们通常所说的“智能 型机器人”。 w2. gripper containing on-off jaws 上面装有抓放 机构的钳爪 w3. If one or more of these key words is missing, then washing machines, traffic lights, special purpose mechanisms and manufacturing machines for mass production are defined as robots as well, and this is not our intention.本句 是对韦伯斯特词典（Websters dictionary）有 关机器人定义的反驳，意思是：如果一个或 多个关键词被省略，那么洗衣机、红绿灯、 专用机床等都可以叫做机器人，这却不是我 们的本意所在。 New Words and Expressions walgorithm / lgrim / n. 算法 waxe / ks / n. 轴 wconsequently / knsikwntli / adv. 所以，因而 wdenote / dinut / v. 记作，称为 wgripper / grip / n. 手爪 wjaw / d: / n. 爪钳夹装置 wrinse / rins / v. （将衣物）甩干 wvelocity / vilsiti / n. 速度，速率 wweld / weld / n. 焊接 wwrist / rist / n. 腕，腕关节 wbe defined as （被）定义为 wbe equipped with 安装有，装备有的 wbehave like 举止，行为像 wbuilt-in control system 内置控制系统 wdegrees of freedom 自由度 wdiffer from 与不同 wendpoint of the cutter 末端切削刀具 win a seemingly human way以类人的方式 windustrial robot 工业机器人 wmake decision （做）决策 wmaterial handling 材料搬运 wremote control 遥控 wRIA- the Robot Institute of America 美国机器人学会（研 究所） wspecial purpose mechanisms 专用机械装置 wspot welding 点焊 wspray painting 喷涂 wwelding inspection 焊接质量检验 wprogrammable mechanical manipulator 可编程机械装置 wtraffic lights 红绿灯 wwelding head 焊头 wspray gun 喷 Exercises Work with your partner to answer the following questions. w1. Have you ever seen a real industrial robot? w2. Do you know the difference between an industrial robot and a toy robot? w3. Why a washing machine can not be called a robot? w4. Can you name some typical end-effectors? w5. What tasks can an industrial robot do when equipped with proper tools? w6. Can an NC machine be called a robot? wII. Match the words or technical terms in Column A with their definition or explanations in Column B. wA w1. industrial robot w2. intelligent robot w3. manipulator w4. remote control garage door opener w5. robot tool wB wa. end-effector such as a welding head, a spray gun, or a machining tool wb. mechanical mechanism wc. that can automatically open the door by wd. a robot that can see, hear, and touch we. a programmable manipulator, equipped with the end-effector, capable of carrying out factory work and stand-alone operation wIII. Choose the statement that is closest in meaning to what is said in the text. w1. According to the text, spray painting, spot welding and assembly are . wa. things that can be done by robots wb. various robots wc. technologies w2. A robot that can see, hear, touch and make decisions can be called a(n) _ robot. wa. intelligent b. common c. good w3. “This” in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 is referred to _. wa. the robot wb. endpoint of the cutter wc. manipulating the endpoint and orientation of robot w4. There are _ similar definitions given by the text. wa. two b. there c. four w5. According to the text, a garage door opener is not an _. wa. equipment b. industrial robot c. automatic machine w6. In authors opinion, programmable manipulator, end-effector, _ and _ are the key words that should be included in a definition of an industrial robot. wa. automatic, factory work wb. stand-alone operation, performance wc. factory work, stand-alone operation w7. _ and _ constitute the structure of a robot manipulator. wa. A mainframe, a wrist wb. The arm, a mainframe wc. The end-efftor, a wrist w8. A robot tool is chosen based on _. wa. the particular application of the robot wb. specific end-effector wc. welding head w9. All the following aspects are true according to the text EXCEPT _. wa. most current industrial robots are not smart wb. a robot is composed of a mainframe and a wrist at its end wc. the technology of robots is more complicated than NC technology wIV. Review the text and translate the following phrases into Chinese or English. w1. 按这个定义 w2. 行为举止像人 w3. 广泛的应用 w4. 做决定 w5. 智能机器人 w6. built-in control system w7. in a seemingly human way w8. reprogrammable multi-functional manipulator w9. perfor