名师解读高考英语15大语法考纲要点精品整理.doc

名师解读高考英语15大语法考纲要点精品整理一、情景对话1: 回答 thank you 共5条： Thank you for helping. (Its) my (a) pleasure / Thats all right(OK) / Not at all / You are welcome / Dont mention it.注意： Its my pleasure=Its a pleasure= my pleasure=a pleasure 译为：不用谢。 特大重点：with pleasure别人请求你的帮助时，回答表示“很乐意效劳” 如1.- Could you be so kind as to close the window?-_. A. Me, too. B.Yes, please. C. With pleasure. D. Go ahead2.- Would you do me a favor and give me the box?-: .A. Please dont say so B. With pleasure C. No problem D. Yes, thats right2:回答Im sorry 共5条： Im terribly sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. Forget it /. Not at all / Thats all right/It doesnt matter / Never mind. 3: 回答Do / Would you mind.?1Do you mind if I open the door? No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all /No, go ahead = if you like2）. Do you mind me using your electronic dictionary?_. Please go ahead.A. Never mind B. Of course not C. Yes, I do D. Thats all right不介意：不用never mind.和I dont mind. 要用：No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all. / No, go ahead = if you like注意： go ahead= go right ahead, 干吧，用吧，拿吧，说吧，走吧，随便。如：（1） - Do you mind my smoking here? -No,_.A. me, too. B. a good idea C. you d better not. D. go ahead（2）- III be away for a summer holiday. Will you mind going with me? -_.A:Ill like it B.No, Im no time C.Not at all D.Yes, of course not介意时：用Sorry, please dont / youd better not. / Id rather you didnt /Yes, I do.4: Why not? 怎么不行？ Lets go there tonight. Why not? = Thats a good idea.如：-How about the two of us chatting onlione?-_ Its much cheaper than talking on the phone.A. No way B. Why not C. My pleasure D. Go ahead5:回答must固定句型: 1Must I go now? Yes, you must.否定用：No,you neednt / dont have to.6: 别人通过考试或取得成功及好消息用: Congratulations! 告诉别人某人病了或坏消息用：I am sorry to hear that . Tom, My daughter has won the first prize in the English contest.I cant go with you to go fishing. Has she?_!A Come on B Good luck C all the best D Congratulations7:别人外出旅行或找工作两答语别人外出旅行时：用 Have a good trip journey / agood time/ have fun.别人外出找工作时：用 have good luck/ good luck 不用 have a good chance.-Do you mind if I join my classmates in hiking this weeked, mum?-Certainly not._. A Come on B Good luck C My pleasure D Have fun 8: 商店和饭店服务员的问话商店营业员：-Can I help you?/ May I help you? Is there anything that I can do for you? What can I do for you?饭店服务员：May I take your order ,sir?9: It depends.的用法 Would you please go to the cinema? It (all) depends. (看情况吧！)/ That (all) depends.10. Its up to you. (由你决定) -Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? - Its up to you.11: 回答 How are you? 用Fine, / very well, thank you. 回答 How are you doing ?/ How is everything ? 用Not too bad.12:What does he like? (喜欢什么?) What is he like? -What does he like?- He likes singing. -What is he like? - He is handsome and warm-hearted.13: 表示甲怎么样，乙也怎么样，用so + 助动词 + 主语 He likes dancing, so do I. He will go, so will she. 表示甲不怎么样，乙也不怎么样，用neither / nor + 助动词 + 主语 He doesnt like dancing. Neither / Nor do I. If 甲怎么样，乙也怎么样，用so + shall / will + 主语 If he likes singing, so will / shall I. If甲不怎么样,乙也不怎么样,用neither / nor + will / shall+主语 If he doesnt like singing. Neither /Nor will / shall I. 表示甲怎么样,甲就是这样,用so + 主语 + 助动词 It was hot yesterday. So it was.Tom won the first. So he did. 表示甲的多种情况,乙也怎样,用“万能句型So it is with + sb ” He likes swimming but he doesnt like singing. So it is with her.14:I am afraid so / I am afraid notId like to make an appointment with Doctor smith. Would 9:00 tomorroe be all right?._.Her schedule is full in the morning.A:Yes,shes free then B:Im afraid not (我恐怕不行) C:You must be joking D:Well, it depends15: not really 的用法： 1.- Are you willing to go there? - Not really, I have a lot of homework to do.2.-Was Martin sorry for what hed done? -_.It was just like him!A Not really B. Never mind . C.All right D.Not surprisingly16. shall 和will 的区别shall 与 will 的区别主要在于疑问句 shall I. ? shall we？ 和 shall he？ 莫忘shall she？ shall they?问句主语若是you，will /would定排头。 即：一三人称用shall; 第二人称用will.如：1.Shall I open the door? 2. Shall they come in?3. I carry the suitcase for you, madam?Oh, its very kind of you.ANeedBCouldCShall DMust17. take your time ; take it easy; take it seriously的区别take your time 意思是“不慌，还有时间”；take it easy 放松点；别紧张；take it seriously 把.看的很严重如：-Wait a moment please. I am getting changed. - _. We still have two house to ge before the concert.A take your time B take it easy C with please D Youer welcome18 .none , no one, nobody, nothing 的区别 none：没有人或物，可跟 of nobody=no one： 没有人，永远不跟 ofwho问，答 no one；两 how 要用none； what 用nothing； none 前提过要记清。1.-_ has a computer?-No one . A Who B Which C Whom D How many 2.-Please fetch me some chalk from the box. -But _ in the box , sir. A. nothing B. none C. no one D.nobody 3.-May I have a glass of beer, please?-Beer ? There is _ left, but you can have some orange juice.A. none B. no none C. nothing D. few19.比较级用在否定句cant / couldnt + 比较级表示不可能更.意思最. 。 -What do you think of the film?-It cant be more interesting .如：1.-Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?-Thank you. _. A. It couldnt be better. B. Of course you can C. If you like D. Its up to you 2.- Excuse me, Tom? -_? - Can you tell me where is the nearest way to the railway station?A. What for B. Yes C. why D. how20. 对人口的提问要用：how large 或what 不能用how many 和 how much -_ is the population of the city of Pingdingshan?- About 3,5000,000A How large B How much C How big D How many21.How is sb ? 对健康状况提问; What is sb?对职业提问; Who is sb?对人名、血统关系提问。-How is your brother?-Hes fine /very well ./much better. Thanks.22. 隐形过去时的答语：-My uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow.-Oh, I _ that he _ today.A thought; was coming B thought; could come C think; will come D think; would come23. 省略句 to+ v( 原） 为了避免和上句 重复，to 不能省，动词省去. -Would you like to go to the cinema ?- Yes , Id love to . to 后若 是be，切记不能省。 eg - Do you want to be a doctor? -I want to be .when, unless, if, until,though, as, even if 等连词若引导的状语从句是被动语态时主语和be可省，只保留过去分词。1.When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander said: “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”2.Dont do that until told to . 3.I dont go there unless invited4.I dont want to speak to anybody unless spoken to. 5.The flower his friend gave him will die unless _every day.A.watered B. watering C.water D.to water 6.Every evening after dinner, if not_from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A.tired B. tiring C being tired D.to be tired7. Dont to touch the equipment unless_.A.told B. telling C being told D.to be told24：你觉得.怎样？三句式How did /do you find.? = How did/ do you like .? = What did /do you think of ? 你觉得.怎样？如：1.-What did /do you think of the film?- It is very boring. 2.-How do you like your coffee? -As it comes.(原味) 3.-How do you like your beef? -_. A Well- done B The stronger, the better C Its OK, thank you. D Thats enough. 答案是B. beef 这里是 肌肉，不是牛肉。25送客常用语：Nice having you here.- We really enjoy ourselves at the party. Thank you again. Mr White- Nice having you here. Just whenever you feel like.二.几个重要的情态动词的用法1 .should +have +过分= ought to + have+过分，表示过去应该做却没有做，含有责备或埋怨的语气。2 must+ have +过去分词, 表示过去一定。 3.cant /couldnt + have +过去分词, 表示过去不可能。永远不用 mustnt+ have + done 和can +have + done注意：can +have + done只能用在否定和疑问句，不能用于肯定句中。 4.neednt +have +过去分词, 表示过去不必做某事但已经做了某事。5.could +have +过去分词, 表示过去本应该做某事但没有做某事。6may/ might+ have +过去分词, 表示过去或许。(1).The flower died , you _it. A must have watered B ought to water C should have watered D must water.(2). It_ last night ,for the ground is all wet. A must rain B should have rained C must have rained D could have rained .(3). -He failed in the exam.-Oh , he _hard at his lessons.A should study B ought to study C must have studied. D should have studied.(4)- My cat is really fat. - You _ have given her so much food.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. mightnt D.couldnt 7. need 与dare 当情态动词+v原型,当实义动词+ to do 1.He need go there = He needs to go there .= He needed to go there.2.He doesnt need to go there.= He neednt go there.3.He dare not go there = He doesnt dare to go there .8.wouldnt 表示过去不肯； 如：The door _ open, no matter how hard I pushed it. (填wouldnt)【情态动词热点试题自测】1.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D.neednt leave 2.Write to me when you get home.-_. A. I mustB. I should C. I willD. I can 3.Sorry,Im late.I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will4. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. couldD. was able to5. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont ; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt6. -Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt7. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _. A. mightB. willC. canD. should8. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. needC. should D. would9. -I climbed the tree and picked some apples. - Did you?It was dangerous!You _have falled of the tree and hurt yourself.A. might B. wouldC. should D. must10. - Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _ it in the wrong place.A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put11. The room is so dirty. _we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 12. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. shouldB. can C. mustD. will13. My Mp4 player isnt in my bag.Where _ I have put it? A. shouldB. mustC. canD. would 14. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D.couldnt have spoken 15. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D.neednt have arrived 三 分词: 现在分词和过去分词 (1)分词的用法： 分词作定语 三种用法名+tobedone将被名+beingdone正被名+done已被【考点专练 】1.This is the school _next year. A being built B built C to be built 2.This is the school_now A being built B built Cto be built 3.This is the school _last year. A being built B built C to be built 4.The question_ last night is important. Abeing discussed B discussed Cto be discussed D discussing5.I want to read novels _by Lu Xun . A . writing B written C. to be written D. being written6.He wants to buy a kind of TV set_ inJapan. A. made B make C being made D to make 7.All the people _yesterday were famous . A. to invite B inviting C invited D to be invited 8. The cloth _ of silk feels soft . A .makes B making C to be made D made 9.The boy_ by the teacher is naughty A. punished B to punish C will be punished D punishing 10. English is a language _ widely in the world . A. speaks B spoken C to be spoken D speaking 11.We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A.being held B held Cto be held D holding12. The play_ next month aims mainy to reflect the local culture.A.being produced B produced Cto be produced D producing(2)分词作前置定语的五个常考点： 1 the fallen leaf 已经落下的树叶; the falling leaf 正在落的树叶 2 boiled water 开水; boiling water 正在沸腾的水 3 developed country 发达国家 ; developing country 发展中的国家 4 spoken/ written English英语口语/书面语; English speaking country 说英语的国家 5 the lighted candle 点燃的蜡烛(3)分词作状语可以和状语从句对换总结1:当状语从句是同一主语,去掉引导词和第一个主语，若只有 be动词be换成being 即可。1.Because he was a boy , he couldnt go swimming alone .=Being a boy , he couldnt go swimming alone.2.As Im your teacher, I should be strict with you .=Being your teacher , I should be strict with you .3.As he was ill , he didnt come to school .= Being ill, he didnt come to school .总结2:当状语从句是同一主语,去掉引导词和第一个主语，主动语态时，把词改为现在分词作状语。1.When he ate fish,he often thought of you= Eating fish, he often thought of you . 2.When he saw the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it = Seeing the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it .3.When I heard the news,I burst into tears.= Hearing the news, I burst into tears. 总结3: 当状语从句是同一主语, 且状语从句是被动语态, 去掉引导词和一个 主语,只保留过去分词作状语即可。1.When water is heated , water can change into steam.=Heated, water can change into steam.2.When the city is seen from the hill, the city looks nice.=Seen from the hill,the city looks nice.3.When the earth is seen from the moon, the earth is like a plate.= Seen from moon, the earth is like a plate.4.When she is told again and again, she doesnt understand yet .=Told again and again, she doesnt understand yet .5.When the habit is once formed, the habit cant be changed. = Once formed, the habit cant be changed .(4) 分词做状语两特大重点 分词作状语,前后主语必须一致，若不一致用状语从句,不能用分词1. Entering the room, _. A. lettrer was lying on the ground . B. a letter was found on the ground .C. he found a letter lying on the ground . D. a letter flew into the room . 2. Hearing the news, _. A. tears came to her eyes . B. her eyes were filled with tears. C. tears run down her face. D. she burst into tears.3._ on the Great Wall, a sense of pride came to our hearts. A. Standing B. Having stood C. When we stood D. Stood永远用现在分词作状语generally speaking一般来说; judging by / from (ones accent)从某人的口音判断,time permitting, 时间允许的话;night falling,夜幕降临; considering that.考虑到永远用过去分词作状语Given(考虑到) that she is a girl, she cant go there Given(被给) more time ,we can do it better .(5)分词作表语 人过物现”十大词：1surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的 2exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的3interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的4frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感到害怕的5pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 感到高兴的 6Puzzling =confusing令人迷惑的 puzzled=confused 感到迷惑的7tiring 令人劳累的 tired 感到劳累的8boring 令人讨厌的 bored 感到厌烦的9 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的10. annoying 令人恼火的 annoyed 感到恼火的(6) 巧记现在分词和过去分词口诀区别 ed，ing;先看动词和主语，主语主用ing；主语被，用ed ； 人过物现” 要牢记。1_the police ,the thief ran away. A Seeing B Seen C.Having seen D. To see2 _ from the great wall, Beijing is wonderful. A Seeing B Seen . C.Having seen D. To see3 _by the party, we live a rich life. A Leading B Led. C. To led D. Having led 4 _by the student , the teacher came in.A Following B Followed. C. To follow D. Having followed5 _his students , the teacher came in. A Following B Followed. C. To led D. Having led6_by his face, he must be ill . A .Judging B Judged C. To judge D. Having judged7._ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A .Given B Giving C. To give D. Having given8._ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set upwind farms.A .Encouraged B Encouraging C. To encourage D. Having encouraged9._ not to miss the flight at 5:20. the manager head for the airport in a hurry.A . Reminding B Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded10._ twice, the man refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A . Bitten B Being bitten C. To be bitten D. Having bitten四、定语从句十大用法含有“的”主谓句， 就是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”翻译定语从句时先译“先行词”，后译定语从句。定语从句六大用法：一、当先行词是人时,用who(作主语或宾语)； whom(作宾语)；that(作主语或宾语)；whose(作定语)引导，切记引导词作主语不能省略,作宾语可以省略。判断作主语，宾语，定语的技巧 。 The man_ I see is Tom . A who B whom C that D which (2).填whose 的技巧：在先行词后面填上“的”时候，即填 whose1.The boy whose parents died is Tom.= The boy the parents of whom died is Tom.2.This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.= This is the girl the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class.二、当先行词是物的时候, 用that (主宾),which (主宾) 和 whose(作定语) 特大重点: what 永远不能引导定语从句因为what= the thing which ; the thing 是先行词；which 是引导词，用what 引导定语从句时，the thing 和前面的先行词重复,所以what永远不能引导定语从句。 同样 that / which 作宾语可以省略, 作主语不可以省略。如：This is the book_ I borrow. A whom B that C which D what E /同样： 在先行词后面填上“的”时候，即填 whose ; 先行词是物时whose + n = the +n + of which. 1.This is the house whose door is open. 2.The house _open south is new. A whos windows. B whose the windows. C the windows of whose D the windows of which.三、当先行词是物时,that与which三大 区别：1.当先行词是all, something, anything, everything, nothing 和 the one 时用that ,不用which.2.当先行词被 the very, the only, the last 序数词或最高级修饰that不用which. 3.当先行词既有人又有物时用that不用w