高三英语复习短文改错课件.ppt

英语高考专题 复习 1. 看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对 。 2. 看得出句子错误, 但无法改正。 Whats the main trouble when correcting a composition? 考纲解读 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综 合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇 中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词 、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考 短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变， 知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法 、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等 ，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对 英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能 力的测试题型。 命题分析 从近几年的高考短文改错题看， 试题具有下面的特点： 1选材 短文改错的文体多为第一/三人称记 叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。一般在 110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实 际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴 近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教 育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有 生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单， 基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句 ；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。 命题分析 2考点 短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合 理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角 度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力， 同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错词 、缺词和多词。错词现象主要出现在名词单 复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词 、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名 词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正 确形式)、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词( 名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中) 、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完 整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、 介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑 等方面。 作为一个与时俱进的新题型， 新课标试卷中的短文改错是考生失 分较多的题型。原因有两个方面： 一是错误的不确定性。这主要是因 为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标 短文改错每行可能有两个错误。二 是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常 进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如 ：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习 中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词 、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注 重以下技巧： 1“规范性”原则：要严格按照示 范规定的符号改错。要记住“” 、“”、“”分别表示错词纠正 、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字 说明或用箭头表示。 2“四不改”原则：单词拼写 不改；大小写不改；词序错误不 改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；标 点符号不改。 3“五改动”原则：忠实于原 文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；一 对一原则(一错一词)；错误以改动 最少为原则；虚词以添加或者删除 为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。 应试原则 1. 改变形式以 “实词”居多 2.添删以 “虚词”居多 3.多“改正”少“添删” 4.改后要保持原意不变 5.小心局部通顺陷阱 1通读全文，掌握大意。 短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑及 句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可能是对的 ，但从整体看却有可能上下文不符。做短文改错时 应该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入手。短文改错 实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所 以考生必须在阅读并且在理解了文章的基础上去发 现并改正错误。因此，事先应该快速粗读一遍短文 ，留心文中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文 之间的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。 2整句理解，逐行分析。 考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上，对 照上下文逐行逐字细读，分行判断，理清句意， 找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系， 检查句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过 程中，考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析，根 据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结 构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动 词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句 子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是 否连贯。 3复读全文，检查核对。 回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的 短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，既 要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄 清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系 及篇章结构。看错误类型的比例是否得 当(错词、缺词和多词比例一般为：8： 1：1或7:2:1)、前后逻辑是否一致、有 无前后矛盾等现象。 When I was in high school , most of my friend had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father the money. But he said he could only give me half of the money. He should find the other half myself. So I went to sell newspapers after the school. My father was pleasing when I showed him the money a month after. He gives me the other fifty. You can imagine what much happy I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle. This passage is about_ A. My life in the high school. B. My father bought a bike for me. C. How proud I could earn half of the money to buy my own bike in the high school. C When I was in high school , most of my friend had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. One day I saw a second-hand bicycle , that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father the money. friends 名词数 one 代词格 which句子成分 for习惯用法 But he said he could only give me half of the money. He should find the other half myself. So I went to sell newspapers after the school. My father was pleasing when I showed him the money a month after. I 逻辑错误 冠词 形容词、副词 pleased later习惯用法 He gives me the other fifty . You can imagine what much happy I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle. gave 动词形式 how 句子成分 错误主要包括两类：时态和语态、主谓一致 。 Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decide to travel with their friends , while I chose to take a part-time job. (2008浙江卷) Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. (2006安徽卷) decided wishes 一、动词形式 You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books, but you are not permit to take them out. (2006安徽卷) When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said， 2012课标全国卷 permitted tore 考点剖析 (1) 短文中时态的使用前后不一致 . (2) 在特定语境条件下时态的误用( 如含有状语从句的复合句中，主 句用将来时态，而从句中则用一 般现在时态) . (3) 主动语态和被动语态的混用 (1) 通读全文，搞清文中动词时态 的主旋律 . (2) 结合语境，灵活运用时态形式 . (3) 认真推敲，准确把握主动与被 动. 解决方案 名词单、复数形式 Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. （2006浙 江卷） knowledge If you have interests in it, reply to me soon. (2006福建卷) 学生版：Most of the students in our class are now making rapid progresses In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. (2006重庆卷) progress sky interest 2012课标全国卷 From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. toys 1. 理清可数与不可数名词之间的区 别与联系 . 2. 记清一些用于固定词组中名词 的特殊用法 . 3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近 义名词 . 解决方法 三、形容词和副词 主要错误：1.形容词和副词混用； 2. 级的错用 修饰名词，be动词，系动词要用形 容词 修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副 词 比较级和最高级的使用 I got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. We should work hardly to achieve our goals. She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed. usually proud hard 2012陕西卷 We lived in a comfortably double room with a big bath. 2012重庆卷 Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. comfortable happy (1) 形容词和副词的混用，是短 文改错中常见的考点之一 . (2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用. (3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用 以及近义词的误用 . 考点剖析 1. 不定式符号to的多余与遗漏 2. 现在分词与过去分词混用 2007宁夏卷：Li Ming came see me everyday. to 四、非谓语动词 (2008浙江卷)It is one of the funniest things finding on the Internet so far this year. 学生版：The big fire burned hundreds of houses, made hundreds of families homeless. making found I also shared for(with) my friends many photos taking in Beijing. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water taken used 2012全国卷 To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only (1) 纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词 所作的句子成分. (2) 系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功 能. (3) 前后联系，整体把握 . 解决方法 1.1.人称代词人称代词格格的误用的误用 2.2.代词代词与所指代的内容在与所指代的内容在性性和和数数方面方面不一不一 致致 3.3.作形式主语与形式宾语作形式主语与形式宾语it it的遗漏或误用的遗漏或误用 五、 代词格 I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked. （2007全国 ） mine 2007陕西：Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed! 2012课标全国卷 I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did(went) wrong, I got angry and broke it. myself them 考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几 个方面： 1) 代词指代的人或事物前后不一 致的错误. 2) “it” 一词的不当使用(包括用于 从句中或作形式主语或宾语). 3) 不定代词或反身代词的误用 1. 连词but， and， or和so的用法错误 2. 冠词 a, an, the 误用或混用 I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at school（2oo7全国II） a 六、冠词、连词 2012陕西卷 It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. so 主要考查习惯搭配的基础知识，其错误 主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a short a on so 七、习惯用法 1.Be strict at sb 2.Be responsible with sb/sth 3.Be in business 4.Have sth on common 5.Have an effect in sb 6.Lose the heart 7.Make a great progress with for on in on 1.The war was broke out 2.The accident was happened 3.Share sth for sb 4.A pair of shoe 5.A lot of equipments 6.General speaking 7.As soon as possibly with equipment generally possible shoes 2012陕西卷 It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me(mine) who is going to Beijing. 2012全国卷 “Thats it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year. a for 解析方案: (1) 平时的学习中注意积累语言知识 ，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆 . (2) 强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和 介词之间的区别和句法功能 . (3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合 起来 . 八、句子成分 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同 的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构 和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的 错误。 2008年安徽卷 : She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?” I asked. Why 2007天津卷：I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities, but 2012课标全国卷 But before long they began to see which was happening. who/that what 九、逻辑错误 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相 矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的 张冠李戴。 2007浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot. 学生版：Although my bike is old, but it is in good condition. when 2012全国卷 I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water. because/as/since 2012辽宁卷 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. until/till 考点剖析: (1) 并列连but ,and ,or, so 等词的混 用，常常出现在改错题中。 (2) 并列连词和从属连词的混用。 (3) 平行结构方面的错误。 At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. A sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shining brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily. At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. A sitting room looked rea