高考英语冲刺导练（21）

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线天津市耀华中学2017届高考英语冲刺导练（21） 【读写应用综合训练】一、完形填空Cloze 1_21记叙文 -11 政德才能立得稳、立得牢。要深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于“立政德”的重要论述，深刻认识新时代立政德的重要性和紧迫性。I had worried myself sick over Simons mother coming to see me. I was a new 21 , and I gave an honest account of the students work. In Simons case, the grades were awfully low. He couldnt read his own handwriting. 22 he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his 23 .So when Simons mother entered the room, my palms (手掌心) were sweating. I was completely 24 for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech. 25 me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he 26 me, he had began to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had 27 spent an afternoon at a friends house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the 28 I had nurtured (培养) in her son. She kissed me again and left. I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour, 29 what had just happened. How did I make such a life-changing difference to that boy without 30 knowing it? What I finally came to 31 was one day, several months before, when some students were 32 reports in the front of the class, Jeanne spoke 33 , and to encourage her to raise her voice, L had said, “Speak up. Simons the expert on this. He is the 34 one you have to convince, and he cant hear you in the 35 of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, 36 more, and became happy. And it was all because he 37 to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed 38 was the one who took the last seat that day.It taught me the most 39 lesson over the years of my teaching career, and Im thankful that it came 40 and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.21. A. cleaner B. reporter C. monitor D. teacher 22. A. Or B. And C. But D. So 23. A. courage B. abilities C. feelings D. dream24. A. desperate B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable25. A. Because of B. In spite of C. Apart from D. As for 26. A. loved B. envied C. pleased D. criticized27. A. gradually B. constantly C. recently D. obviously28. A. self-respect B. self-doubt C. self-pity D. self-defence29. A. imagining B. observing C. wondering D. regretting 30. A. also B. even C. always D. still 31. A. expect B. remember C. believe D. accept32. A. writing B. reviewing C. editing D. giving 33. A. quietly B. repeatedly C. quickly D. firmly34. A. lucky B. lonely C. only D. likely 35. A. entrance B. middle C. front D. back 36. A. slept B. smiled C. shouted D. quarreled37. A. intended B. pretended C. refused D. happened38. A. change B. praise C. thanks D. visits 39. A. difficult B. painful C. valuable D. enjoyable 40. A. early B. slowly C. frequently D. occasionally二、阅读理解Reading Comprehension 阅读微技能 Micro Reading Skills解析与训练 系列7微技能7：猜测词义Meaning Guessing影响人们阅读理解的因素，首先是词汇。任何一个词，只有在特定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。Every word is a new word in a new context.阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索（即具体语境）做出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to “.”? 2. The underlined word . means _. 3. The underlined phrase means _. 4. The underlined sentence means _. 利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种： 1. 根据定义或解释（包括同位语）猜测词义；2. 根据英语词汇构词法知识：【例】 26 , the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country. It was a challenging time for everyone, but father remained optimistic. （2013年天津卷完形填空） 26. A. Thankfully B. Hopefully C. Unfortunately D. Strangely 从构词法看，disastrous来自disaster，可推知句子语境，确定选项C。3. 根据标点：“”破折号、“,”逗号后的同位语的内容是对词或短语的具体解释；4. 根据后文举例：根据举例如such as，for example， for instance；5. 根据因果关系：【例】She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. because前的分句表结果，由此可知“她没有听见的原因是她完全被阅读吸引住了或她正全神贯注地看书”。可推engrossed表示“被吸引的，全神贯注的”。其他结构如sothat，as a result (of)等；6. 根据句意或上下文语境：【例】At the age of 77, John was still playing a skillful game of tennis, ran four miles every day and seldom missed his daily swim. For a man of his age he was extremely robust. 1. According to the short passage, the word “robust”, probably means _. A. strange B. weak C. strong D. interesting 根据语境的意思，可以推断robust是strong。猜测词义离不开上下文、离不开具体语境，需要不断积累词汇，通过练习增长经验，增强实力。A. 句子语境训练1. We walked slowly down the trail with great trepidation. No one who had gone this way had ever been heard from again. Had they simply found a better place to settle on this dark planet? We doubted that.Which word is a synonym of “trepidation”?A. movement B. worry C. enjoyment D. laughter2. John drives too fast，and he often drives in the middle of the street. He doesnt watch what the other cars are doing. He is a reckless driver. A. very careful B. very careless C. very harmful D. very harmless3. Kathy was looking for a strong but light material to use for making her water jugs. Unfortunately, she chose noodelite. It proved to too porous to hold jelly.A porous material _.A. is good for holding things that you pourB. protects you in pouring rainC. allows liquids to flow through itD. is necessary for making bowling balls4. Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president.What does “thwart” mean?A. help B. figure out C. block D. tickle5. Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. Its time to implement it and see if its as brilliant as you claim.A. instrument B. take apart C. change D. carry out6. If your plan fails, well have to find someone who can devise a better one.A. design B. dislike C. appliance D. to use peanut butter as toothpaste7. When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity.A. good looks B. mistakes C. intelligence D. huge appetite for herbsB. 段落语境训练1. Emma had never read it, nor had she ever purchased a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover, in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man had opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relocated to Jerusalem, he took the now-treasured book along.Q: What does the underlined word “floored” in the paragraph mean? A. interested B. shocked C. frightened D. excited2. Oxygen is vital to life; it is needed by the body cells of all animals. It is also very useful in industry. The method Priestley used produces only small quantities. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a different way. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is -183C. It is caught and stored in strong steel cylinders at a pressure of 136 atmospheres. The process is known as fractional distillation.Q: Which word has the rough meaning of “vital”? A. important B. useful C. helpful D. interesting3. These different kinds of learning disabilities are known by different names. For example, a person who has difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia (计算困难).Q: The underlined word “dyslexia” in the paragraph probably means _. A. difficulty in seeing B. problem in reading C. trouble in listening D. brain disorder4. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.Q: What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean in the paragraph? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests5. And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.Q: The underlined word “conflict” in the paragraph means _. A. dependent lifeB. fierce fightC. bad mannersD. painful feeling6. “She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesnt really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said. “She didnt intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”Q: What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean? A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things. B. She doesnt have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops. C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops. D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.7. Appletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Q: Theunderlinedword“yielded”inthelastsentencemeans_. A.improvedB.increasedC.producedD.sold 篇章语境Passage 1 2000SH_DMost people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation. For example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type chronic(长期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a persons social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons; they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition. 36. How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage? A. Talk to friends. B. Just ignore it. C. Go to see a doctor. D. Ask your teachers for guidance. 37. “It” in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _. A. temporary loneliness B. situational loneliness C. a new place D. sleeplessness38. The topic of the 4 paragraph is that_. A. one problem of loneliness is a persons social contactsB. we depend on various people for different reasonsC. lonely people dont have many social problems D. lonely people dont have many friends39. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems. B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness. C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome. D. A, B, and C are all correct. 40. What is the best title for the passage?A. Three Kinds of Loneliness. B. Loneliness and Diseases. C. Loneliness and Social Contacts. D. Chronic Loneliness. Passage 2 全国卷I _CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me. re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17 A. providerB. delivery man C. collectorD. medical doctor30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer. 31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London B. To NewarkC. To ProvidenceD. To WashingtonTest 题材 2015 江苏卷_DFreedom and ResponsibilityFreedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms.