高中英语 unit 5 the power of nature单元质量评估 新人教版选修

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。单元质量评估(五)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AThe sea is home to billions of plants and animals.Many live only near the sunlit surface.Oceanographers classify marine living beings by separating them into two main groups: plants and animals.There are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water.The rooted plants in the ocean are only found in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis(光合作用) in deeper waters.Since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean, most of the ocean is not capable of supporting rooted plants.The most plenty plants in the ocean are known as phytoplankton(浮游生物)These are usually singlecelled, minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean.To grow, phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight.Marine animals are divided into three groups: zooplankton, nekton, and benthos.Zooplankton are drifting animals and are usually small, however, they can grow to fairly large size.For example, the jellyfish and the Portuguese manofwar are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(推进) themselves effectively.Nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest portion of familiar animals found in the ocean belong to this class.Common fishes, the octopus, whales, eels and squid are all examples of nekton.The third type of sea animal spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom.This group of marine animals is called the benthos.Some of these creatures, such as lobsters and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment.【语篇解读】海洋是成千上万种动物和植物的家乡。海洋植物主要有两种：有根植物和浮游植物；海洋动物大体可分为三类：浮游动物、游泳动物和海底动物。1The text mainly tells us something about _Amarine plants and marine animalsBtwo types of sea plantsCthree kinds of sea animalsDsmall and big animals in the ocean解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了海洋生物的分类(海洋植物和海洋动物)以及它们的特点。答案：A2Why cant we find the rooted plants in deep water of the ocean?ABecause there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean.BBecause the rooted plants cant stand the coldness of the ocean.CBecause there is not enough sunlight for them in deep water.DBecause the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，有根植物不能在很深的海底生存是因为那儿没有充足的阳光来进行光合作用。答案：C3One of the characteristics of zooplankton is that _Athey are small and never grow to large sizeBsome of the zooplankton cant swim effectivelyCthey can swim freely in deep water of the oceanDthey need more sunlight than other animals in the ocean解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段最后一句可知，有些浮游动物事实上不能自己前进，也就是说它们实际上不能游泳。答案：B4According to the last paragraph, we can conclude that _Abenthos live on the surface of the ocean waterBsome of the benthos cant live without the ocean floorCbenthos spend most of their time swimming in the oceanDbenthos can move about in the middle of the sea water解析：细节理解题。根据短文最后一句可知海底动物离开海底不能生存。答案：BBDoris Carvalho，a woman from Tampa，America has come up with an original way of combining her two greatest passionsveterinary science(兽医学) and fashion.She recycles dog hair and changes it into highend designer handbags. Doris loves her new job so much that she hopes to change it into a businessshes currently running a Kickstarter campaign to raise $ 15，000 toward that purpose.Thats just enough money to make her first line of 30 handbags and pay for marketing.“These handbags prove that highend can be made ecofriendly from your pet for you，” she pointed out.“I turn dog hair that would be rubbish anywhere else in the world into these handbags.I use it to make the thread.Its reused and recycled.”It takes Doris about 50 hours to complete each one handbag without any machines.She needs about two pounds of fur per handbag and she insists that the completed handbag is as soft as any other fur.It is priced at $ 1，000，but she says that the price would go down if the products were to ever go into mass production.“I hope in the future I can make it cheaper and sell much cheaper for everyone，” she said.We arent sure how well these handbags are selling，but according to Jaime Calderbank，owner of One Lucky Dog in St Petersburg，it all depends on how much people are willing to display their love for their dogs.“I think a few of them that really love their dogs would like something like that，” she said.Doris has managed to raise just $ 350 ever since she started the campaign，but she has 50 days to reach her $ 15，000 goal.“I hope people who like the campaign can help，” she said.“Any contribution is welcome.”【语篇解读】多丽丝用废弃的狗毛做成高端手提包。5What do you know about Doris Carvalho?AShe makes handbags from dog hair.BShe is studying veterinary science.CShe studied fashion design in college.DShe raises homeless dogs in her hometown.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“She recycles dog hair and changes it into highend designer handbags.”可知，多丽丝用狗毛做手提包。答案：A6Why did Doris Carvalho start the Kickstarter campaign?ATo let more people know her handbags.BTo collect dog hair to make handbags.CTo help protect the environment.DTo raise some money for her business.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“.she hopes to change it into a businessshes currently running a Kickstarter campaign to raise D|S15，000 toward that purpose.”可知，多丽丝想要把用狗毛做手提包当成一项事业，所以她在Kickstarter众筹平台筹钱。答案：D7It can be inferred from the passage that _Ait is not easy to reuse and recycle dog hairBdog hair is the most suitable material for handbagsCwhat Doris has done benefits the surroundingsDno one supported Doris Carvalhos campaign解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，多丽丝把被当作垃圾的狗毛做成手提包，这使得狗毛被回收和再利用，由此可推知，多丽丝的手提包对环境有益。答案：CCAll trade in five named species of sharks is to be regulated (管制) from now on.Without a permit，the sale of their meat or fins(鳍) will be forbidden.The regulation was agreed last year at a meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Thailand.According to the rules，the whitetip (白鳍鲨)，the porbeagle (鼠鲨)，and three varieties of hammerhead will be protected.Besides，manta rays (比目鱼)，valued for their gills (鳃)which are used in Chinese medicine，will also be protected.The action is seen as the most important one in the 40year history to protect these species.“Regulating international trade in these shark and manta ray species has a great effect on their survival and is a very clear way of helping to protect sharks and our oceans，” said Secretary General John Scanlon.“The practical steps will involve issues such as limiting export levels，and identifying the fins，gills and meat that are in trade.This may seem challenging，but by working together we can do it and we will do it.”Under the rules，all trade in these sharks and rays across 180 countries will not be allowed unless they have got their permits given by the national related organization.As a matter of fact，trade in shark fins has already decreased greatly as a result of campaigns to raise awareness.Recently it has been reported that sales have gone down by 70%.Earlier this year the hotel giant，Hilton Worldwide stopped serving shark fins at its 96 owned and managed AsiaPacific hotels.However，Denmark，Canada，Guyana，Japan，Iceland and Yemen have all announced they will not follow the new rules and will continue to fish for some or all of these species.Under the regulations though，they are only able to trade with other countries that are also ready to ignore the rules.Officials point out that for such a questioned issue，the number of countries which is going to continue the trade is small.【语篇解读】去年在泰国的一个国际会议上，与会人员通过了保护鲨鱼和比目鱼的规定。人们需要获得许可证才能捕杀和交易鲨鱼。8The purpose of putting the new rules into force is to _Alimit peoples trade in ocean animals meatBprotect some species of sharks against overfishingClet fishers know the importance of protecting sharksDprevent big hotels from serving sharks meat解析：细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容可知，实施新规定的目的是保护五种鲨鱼和比目鱼，只有获得许可，人们才可以捕捞和贩卖这些鲨鱼。答案：B9Which of the following doesnt belong to species of sharks?AThe manta ray.BThe porbeagle.CThe whitetip.DThe hammerhead.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“According to the rules，the whitetip，the porbeagle，and three varieties of hammerhead will be protected.Besides，manta rays.”可知，比目鱼不属于鲨鱼。答案：A10What can be inferred from John Scanlons words in Paragraph 4?AThe regulation may have some negative effects on sharks.BThe export of sharks meat will be called off in some periods.CIts nearly impossible to carry out the regulation worldwide.DOfficials are confident that the regulations have a promising future.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“This may seem challenging，but by working together we can do it and we will do it.”可知，约翰认为虽然很具有挑战性，但是只要人们一起努力，保护鲨鱼的行动就会成功，由此可推知，官方对新规定的前景很看好。答案：D11Hilton Worldwide is a good example of _Apeoples getting their permits to trade in shark finsBa successful companys managing its wealthCpeoples beginning to stop eating shark finsDpeoples raising awareness to protect sharks解析：推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，随着保护鲨鱼意识的提高，鲨鱼交易已经大幅度减少了。希尔顿酒店停止向顾客出售鱼翅，这给提高保护鲨鱼意识做出了好的表率。答案：DDSnooker(桌球) is a billiards(台球) style game enjoyed by millions of people around the world.But how did this game come into being?The birth of Snooker comes from the 19th century when British Army officers stationed in India.These officers often played billiards but the game only had two players.In order to play with many players, more balls were introduced to the match and more players began to play in each game.The new games that formed were called Black Pool and Life Pool.They finally combined in the late 19th century to create the game of snooker.It was named by a British Army officer Sir Neville Chamberlain, with “Snooker” then being another expression for a first year army students.Sir Neville Chamberlain once said that one of the players was a “real snooker” and ever since the name has been called.The new sport didnt become popular until 1916 and the first world championship in 1927 was won by Joe Davis.After that, snooker continued to increase in popularity(流行) throughout the UK and the world snooker championship was held once a year.Davis continued to lead the professional game by winning every world championship up until his retirement in 1946 after he won the world championship.Throughout the 1950s and 60s Snooker declined(下降) in popularity with the British public until television came along and saved the unpopular sport.Colour television greatly increased the popularity of the game and it received huge numbers of television audiences across the UK.Snooker is now by far the most popular sports in the UK as well as being hugely popular in many other countries including China.With many new players coming to play snooker, the future of snooker looks bright for many years to come.【语篇解读】桌球是一种和台球性质差不多的体育活动。它的流行有一个传奇的过程，你想了解吗？12What is the best title for the passage?AThe history of snookerBWhen snooker became popularCWho invented snookerDSnooker in UK解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了桌球的发展历史， 故A项可做文章标题。答案：A13How did snooker get its name?AIt was named by an Indian army officer.BIt was named by a first year army student.CThe UK government gave its name.DA British army officer named it.解析：细节判断题。根据第二段中的“It was named by an British Army officer Sir Neville Chamberlain”可知D为正确选项。答案：D14It can be inferred from the passage that _Asnooker is only popular with young people all around the worldBtelevision plays an important part in the popularity of snookerCsnooker had been popular since it was invented by some officersDno one had won world snooker championship since Davis retired解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，电视特别是彩色电视对桌球的流行起了很大的作用。答案：B15How many championships had Davis won before he retired?A20.B30.C10.D5.解析：细节判断题。戴维斯在1927年第一次赢得冠军，到1946年获得冠军后退休，可知他一共赢得19次冠军。答案：A第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A fear of heights is a common feeling that is easy to understand.According to many psychologists，a fear of heights is one of only two natural fears._16_ If you are on the edge of a cliff，it is useful to be a little afraid.If you are not afraid，you could walk too close to the edge (边缘) and fall off.Having a fear of heights is good because it protects us from real danger. _17_ They experience strong fears even inside a safe environment such as a tall building，which is not a common response and it is not helpful.John Adams，an English teacher，has a strong fear of heights that makes his life very difficult.“As long as I can remember，I have had a powerful fear of heights._18_ For example，when I was with friends in Paris，I became terrified while going up the Eiffel Tower.I was almost crying and I felt embarrassed for the rest of the vacation，”Adams said.Fortunately，having an unreasonable fear of heights can be corrected._19_ The most effective way seems to be getting the person to acknowledge (承认) their fear，for example，by encouraging them to go to the top of tall buildings，hike up tall mountains，or stand on a high bridge._20_ When people face a threatening situation，taking slow，deep breaths can help slow the heart rate and increase the oxygen flow to muscles to keep from tensing(紧张) up.If possible，a few minutes of meditation(沉思) may be effective in reducing some tension.It is important to remember that a fear of heights is not unusual and can be treated.AAnother way to overcome a fear of heights is to learn to control the physical symptoms.BHowever，some people have an unreasonable and unhealthy fear of heights.COne way to defeat your fear of heights is to do an activity that involves nothing but heights.DThere are a number of ways that can be achieved.EIt can completely ruin a vacation.FThe other is a fear of loud noises.GNearly everyone experiences some degree of panic when facing heights.【语篇解读】本文介绍了恐高症及克服它的方法。16解析：根据上文“.a fear of heights is one of only two natural fears.”可知，恐高是两种天然的恐惧之一，另一种是对大的噪声的恐惧。答案：F17解析：根据下文“They experience strong fears even inside a safe environment such as a tall building.”可知，然而有些人会对高度产生过度的恐慌，他们甚至在比较高的建筑物里也会感到强烈的恐惧。答案：B18解析：根据下文“.when I was with friends in Paris，I became terrified while going up the Eiffel Tower.I was almost crying and I felt embarrassed for the rest of the vacation.”可知，约翰因为恐高而使得自己在巴黎的假期过得很糟糕。答案：E19解析：根据上下文“.having an unreasonable fear of heights can be corrected.The most effective way seems to be getting the person to acknowledge their fear”可知，过度地恐高是可以被改正过来的，有许多方法可以做到这一点。最有效的方法就是让人承认他的恐惧。答案：D20解析：根据下文“.taking slow，deep breaths can help slow the heart rate and increase the oxygen flow to muscles to keep from tensing up.”可知，另外一种方法就是控制体征，比如慢慢地深呼吸来降低心率，让更多的氧气流向肌肉来避免紧张。答案：A第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Tony set off for home again without having eaten since，as usual，one of the older boys had taken his packed lunch.Angry and _21_，Tony rushed to the park，when he suddenly saw a wasp(黄蜂) flying about among the rose bushes.It _22_ him，making him get away from the roses immediately.Then，a _23_ came into his head：how is it that something so much _24_ than himself could frighten him like that?Having _25_ the insects for a while，he had a good understanding of the wasps _26_：it was fear.A wasp could never _27_ a person，but everyone was so afraid of its sting that they left the wasp _28_So Tony spent that night _29_ what his “sting” could be.The next day，Tony seemed like a _30_ boy.No longer did he walk with his eyes fixed on the ground，nor did he _31_ nervously when people spoke to him.Instead，he became brave and _32_，ready to face up to anyone.The boy who stole his packed lunch that day ate so spicy a sausage sandwich that he _33_ crying and coughing.Never again did he rob Tony of his lunches.Another older boy _34_ to hit Tony，but this time Tony looked at the boy _35_ and bravely.From memory，he told him the _36_ of his parents，his teacher，and the boys own mother，“_37_ you hit me Ill call them，and youll be severely punished.”The boy turned around and _38_ from the scene.The strategy _39_So，in the end，Tony became like the wasp hed seen.Without even having to sting anyone，he frightened them，and _40_ that no one would mess with him.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。托尼的午餐被人拿走后感到很沮丧，他跑到公园，在公园里看到一只黄蜂，他赶紧躲开。这一举动使他思考自己的问题，他从黄蜂身上得到启示从而变得自信、勇敢，最终解决了自己的问题。21A.excitedBdissatisfiedCfrustrated Drelaxed解析：上文中说托尼的午餐被拿走了，在这种情况下他应感到沮丧而愤怒，故选C项。答案：C22A.scared BinspiredCrescued Dcomforted解析：从后文中的托尼从花丛中逃离可知，黄蜂吓到(scared)了托尼。答案：A23A.guess BthoughtCbelief Dview解析：下文描述的是他的疑问，故用thought最佳。一个想法出现在他的脑海中。答案：B24A.smaller BbiggerCsmarter Dfiercer解析：一个人怎么会被比自己小这么多的东西给吓着呢？故选A。答案：A25A.collected BtestedCwatched Dcounted解析：watch意为“观察”。托尼应该是观察之后，才了解到黄蜂的一些招数。答案：C26A.challenge BtrickCchoice Dmethod解析：句意参见上题解析。托尼“花招，把戏”。答案：B27A.bite BwarnCfight Dplease解析：黄蜂不会与人作战(fight)，但是每个人都害怕它的刺，所以不敢惹它。答案：C28A.in peace Bin silenceCby comparison Don end解析：leave sth in peace“不打扰”。此处指不招惹黄蜂。答案：A29A.remembering BdoubtingCregretting Dwondering解析：从上文可知，此时托尼想知道自己的“刺”是什么。wonder“琢磨，想知道”，符合语境。答案：D30A.different BcommonCstrange Drare解析：结合后文中的“No longer did he walk with his eyes fix