高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第16练 自然与环保类（二）_1

一岗双责落实还不到位。受事务性工作影响，对分管单位一岗双责常常落实在安排部署上、口头要求上，实际督导、检查的少，指导、推进、检查还不到位。 第16练 自然与环保类（二）单词识记：shortageurban advocate ecofriendlypreserve province smog challengemountain prevent conservation damagedecorate situation smell disappearancedestroy purpose recycle environment短语扫描：prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事in turn 依次；反过来；转而lead to 导致；致使low carbon 低碳的global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应take action/measures/steps采取行动/措施attach great importance to.十分重视be linked with 与有联系be faced with 面临 跟踪训练.语境填词1The _(short) of cotton kept the prices up.2I dont like pubs.Theyre noisy，_(smell)，and whats more，expensive.3With no one to turn to in such a frightening _(情形)，she felt very helpless.4Aimed at a higher target，the task is more _(challenge)5In the _ (damage)house the firefighters saved a lot of injured people，but they couldnt be sent to hospital because of the blocked road.单项填空6China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.Aattacking Bhaving attackedCbeing attacked Dhaving been attacked7While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _.Ain return Bin commonCin turn Din place8At minus 130 a living cell can be_for a thousand years.Aspared BprotectedCpreserved Ddeveloped9Childrens curiosity may _ many useful inventions.Alead to Btake placeCgather in Dbring away10Chinese culture _ a particularly high value to the idea that families should live together.(2016镇江高三期中)Acharges BpointsCpresents Dattaches.完形填空(2017广西桂林十八中月考)Washoe is a young chimpanzee.She is no_1_chimpanzee，though.Scientists are doing a research_2_her.They want to see how civilized she can_3_.Already she does many things a human being can do.For example，she has been learning how to exchange_4_with people.The scientists are teaching her_5_language.When she wants to be picked_6_，Washoe points up with one finger.She rubs her teeth with her finger_7_she wants to brush her teeth.This is done after every meal.Washoe has also been_8_to think out and find answers to problems.Once she was put in a_9_with food hanging from the ceiling.It was too high to_10_.After she considered the_11_，she got a tall box to stand_12_.The food was still too high to be reached.Washoe found a _13_ pole.Then she climbed onto the_14_，grasped the pole，and_15_down the food with the pole.Washoe_16_like a human，too.The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house.After a hard_17_in the laboratory，she goes home._18_ she plays with her toys.She_19_enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to_20_more about people by studying our closest relativechimpanzee.1A.foolish BordinaryCspecial Dsimple2A.for BbyCto Don3A.experience BchangeCdevelop Dbecome4A.actions BviewsCmessages Dfeelings5A.sign BhumanCspoken Dforeign6A.out BatCon Dup7A.when Buntil Csince Dwhile8A.raised Btrained Cordered Dled9A.cave Bzoo Croom Dmuseum10A.pull BseeCeat Dreach11A.problem BpositionCfood Dceiling12A.by BonCup Dwith13A.straight BstrongClong Dbig14A.wall BboxCceiling Dpole15A.knocked BpickedCtook Dshook16A.lives BactsCthinks Dplays17A.task BlessonCday Dtime18A.Here BThereCSo DThen19A.quite BalreadyCeven Dstill20A.observe BdiscoverCgain Dlearn.阅读理解(2016盐城期中)Wind turbines are efficient sources of cheap energy but also a source of concern as their huge spinning blades(叶片) frequently kill birds and bats.A new type of wind generator developed in Spain offers a creative solution to that problem.In 2002，Spanish inventor David Yanez saw a short film about the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in the US.，collapsing in strong wind.It was a vivid example of the powerful vibrations wind can create when it blows past a long pole，such as a car antenna or even a stick of bamboo.It gave him the idea for a new type of windenergy generator.“The initial philosophy or spirit was to create a generator of dreams that had all the qualities one would want：It should be as cheap as possible，need as little maintenance as possible，the setup as simple as possible，” he said.Yanez and his friend Raoul Martin took the idea to an engineering firm，where they were told it would never work.Undiscouraged，they started experimenting on their own in a small wind tunnel they built.Good initial results were repeated by a larger working model called Vortex(涡旋) installed in a nearby field.“What we have is a mast(桅杆)，which is the top piece and acts as a blade，” Yanez said.“Its constructed from the same material as a conventional generator，and what it does is it oscillates(振荡)，transmitting the oscillation to a conventional alternator，which by its own oscillation converts the winds energy into electric energy.”Yanez said the output of the 6metertall generator，and even that of smaller models，was better than expected.The Vortex creates about 30 percent less energy than a comparable bladed wind turbine，but it is lighter and cheaper to build and maintain.It is made mostly of reinforced plastic and has very few moving parts.Also，it does not create noise andeven more important for many environmentalistsit does not present a threat to passing birds.The current prototype works at wind speeds ranging from 1.5 to 7 meters per second.The inventors say the next step is building a 12.5meter tall bladeless generator with a 4kilowatt capacity that could power small businesses or individual homes，or provide supplemental power to a main grid.The commercial version of the Vortex Bladeless generator should be ready for the market by 2017.21The author mentions a short film about the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to show _.Awhat the initial philosophy or spirit wasBwhat inspired Yanez to create the generatorChow the bridge was destroyed in strong windDhow wind creates powerful vibrations22What do we know from the passage?AThe original idea was considered as practical in an engineering firm.BYanez and Martins initial tests by themselves proved to be successful.CThe material for constructing the mast is different from that of the past.DThe new generator is better at creating energy than a comparable bladed one.23What would be the main idea of the passage?ABladeless windpower generator is friendly to birds.BWind turbines are efficient sources of cheap energy.CA new generator will come onto the market by 2017.DYanez has made a generator for the benefit of people.答案精析第16练自然与环保类(二)高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练.1.shortage2.smelly3.situation4.challenging5damaged.6.C根据题干中出现的“prevent Chinese fishing boats from_”可知此处考查prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.结构。根据句意可判断渔船应该是“被攻击”，故应选择动名词的被动形式，从而排除表示主动形式的A、B两项；D项having been attacked为动名词的完成被动式，表示动作已完成，而题干句意并未表明渔船已经受到了攻击，故排除D项。正确答案为C。7A考查介词短语辨析。句意为：当James住在村子里的时候，他无私地同村民们分享了他拥有的一切，没有要求任何东西作为回报。in return作为回报，符合句意。in common共有，公有； in turn反过来，轮流；in place在正确位置。8C句意为：在零下130摄氏度，一个活细胞可以保存一千年。preserve保存，符合题意。9A句意为：儿童的好奇心会引出许多有用的发明。lead to导致；take place发生；gather in收集；bring away带着(某个记忆、回忆)回来。根据句意选A项。10D句意为：中国文化特别重视这种观点，即家人应该生活在一起。attach value to sth.为固定短语，意为“重视，认为有价值”。charge充电，收费，要价，指控，控告；point指向，表明；present呈现，展示，陈述。知识运用与阅读能力专练.语篇解读 Washoe不是普通的黑猩猩，科学家们通过教给她手势语和训练她怎样思考和解决问题，想更多地了解我们人类。1Bfoolish愚蠢的；ordinary普通的；special特别的；simple简单的。此处指Washoe不是普通的黑猩猩，通过下文对她实验的描述也可知答案，故选B。2D此处指科学家们正在对她做研究。research on关于的研究，故选D。3Dexperience经历；change改变；develop发展；become成为。科学家们想看看通过驯化她能变成怎样，故选D。4Caction行动；view观点；message信息；feeling感觉。Washoe一直在学习怎样和人交流信息，根据句意选C。5Asign手势；human人类；spoken口语的；foreign外国的。科学家们正教给她手势语。sign language手势语，故选A。6D当她想被抱起来的时候，Washoe会竖起自己的一个手指头。pick up抱起，捡起，故选D。7Awhen当时；until直到；since由于，既然；while然而，当时。句意为：当她想刷牙时就用手指摩擦牙齿。表示“当时”，句中是非延续性动词want，故不用while，故选A。8Braise举起，抬高；train训练；order命令；lead领导，通向。上文讲科学家们想通过驯化研究黑猩猩，此处指她还被训练怎样思考和解决问题，与上文的civilized同义，故选B。9Ccave洞穴；zoo动物园；room房间；museum博物馆。训练过程中她被放在一个房顶挂着食物的房间，故选C。10Dpull拉；see看见；eat吃；reach够得着。此处指食物挂得太高，Washoe够不着，根据语境选D。11Aproblem问题；position位置；food食物；ceiling天花板。Washoe考虑这个问题后就搬来一个大箱子站到上面。此处指如何吃到食物的问题，故选A。12Bon在上，此处指站到大箱子上面，根据句意选B。13Cstraight直的；strong强壮的；long长的；big大的。因为站到箱子上仍够不着，Washoe就又找了一根长杆。根据常识也可知答案，故选C。14Bwall墙；box箱子；ceiling天花板；pole杆。此处指她爬到箱子上，根据上文“she got a tall box to stand”可知答案，故选B。15Aknock敲，打；pick捡起；take拿；shake摇动。此处指Washoe用长杆把食物敲打了下来，根据句意选A。16Alive生活；act表现；think思考；play玩耍。根据下文的a fully furnished house，plays with her toys，watching television before going to bed可知，她的生活也像人一样，故选A。17Ctask任务；lesson课程；day一天；time时间。此处指Washoe在实验室进行研究实验一天后回家。根据句意选C。18Bhere这里；there那里；so如此；then然后。在那里她玩玩具，指在家里，故选B。1