there be句型的用法.doc

part 1. 语法：there be句型there be 结构主要用以表达某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西,其基本句型为there be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某时,（其实质句式为倒装句)其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;某人或某物是句子的主语;某地或某时作句子的状语,多是介词短语。如: there is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。 引导语+谓语动词+主语+介词+短语(某地)除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，要用“there besb.doing sth.地点/时间状语”。如：there are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。一、there be结构中的be动词的确定1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: there is _on the floor. there are _on the floor. a.catb.waterc.boxesd.football2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: there _a boy, a girl and two women in the house. there _ten students and a teacher in the office.3. 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。如: in the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。二、句型转换1. 否定句: 通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如: there are some children in the picture. there arent any children in the picture. 2. 一般疑问句及其答语把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是yes, there is / are;否定答语为no, there isnt / arent。如: are there two cats in the tree? yes, there are. (no, there arent.) 3. 特殊疑问句及其回答提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用what is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如: there are some birds in the tree. whats in the tree? 就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用where is / are + 主语?如: there is a car in the street. where is the car? 提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为how many + 复数名词 + are there + 其它?(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。4.反意疑问句，简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)there”构成。如：there wasnt a meeting yesterday，was there？如果陈述部分含有little，few，no，nobody，none等否定词时，后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如：there is nobody in the room，is there？但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看做肯定句式。例如：there is something unusual in the room，isnt there？三注意 1.“there be.”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。如： there is ice on the lake. 湖上有冰。 there were three students in the classroom then. 当时教室有三个学生。 there has never been anybody like you. 从来还没有像你这样的人。 there will be snow on high ground.在高地上将会有雪。2.如果作主语的是一个短语，则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any，some，few，a few，many或用数词hundred/thousand/million，hundreds/thousands/millions of，no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any，some，no，little，a little，much等词的修饰。例如(1)there were_students in our school.a.hundredsb.eight hundredc.eight hundreds of(2)there is _water.you neednt get some more.a.fewb.littlec.much3.注意不定代词的用法。(1)不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：there is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词前面。例如：there is something interesting in todays newspaper.4. 特殊的结构： there + 情态助动词 + be表示 “预见”、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。如： there might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一会儿，可能会有甜点。 there ought to have been someone on duty all the time. 本来应该有人全天值班。 there shall be no more wars. 再也不会打仗了。 用there + 某些半助动词 + be(很少使用完成体形式)，如：be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等。 there is going to be a rain. 要下雨了。 theres likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。 there has to be a mistake. 必定有错。 5. 在正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用，如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise, enter, follow, occur, rise, grow, happen, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerge等。如： there exist many ancient temples in the country. 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。 there lies a small village in the mountain.山里有个小村子。 once upon a time, there lived an old queer man in the city.there remains nothing more to be done. 没有什么别的事可做了。 there followed the first world war. 接着就是第一次世界大战。 there flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的头脑中闪过英雄战士形象。 偶尔也能见到there后接及物动词： there struck me a sudden idea. 突然我有了一个主意。 如果句中的地点状语前移就可以省略there。 如： behind the house (there) is a small river. exercise1.oh，there isnt enough _ for us in the lift.it doesnt matter，lets wait for the next.a.groundb.floorc.placed.room2.there _ an english evening next tuesday.a.wasb.will bec.will haved.are going to be3.there _ a football game in our school.a.hasb.will havec.will be4.there is going to _ a report _ chinese history in our school this evening.a.have；onb.be；onc.have；ford.be；of5.there is _ food here.well have to buy some.a.anyb.somec.no6.there are _ days in a week.a.the sevenb.seventhc.the seventhd.seven7.there are few _ in the fridge.lets go and buy some peas，carrots and cabbages.a.vegetablesb.fruitc.meatd.eggs8.look！there are some _ on the floor.a.child b.water c.boxes d.girl9.there were two _ people at yesterdays meeting.a.hundreds b.hundreds ofc.hundred10.the letter from my uncle was short.there wasnt _ news.a.many b.a fewc.much d.few11.there is_knocking at the door. go and see who it is.a.nobodyb.someodyc.anybodyd.everybody12.there is_in todays newspaper.a.nothing newb.anything newc.new anythingd.new somethingpart 2. 八下 unit1重要知识点复习1. used to do sth (过去常常做某事) be used to do sth （被用来做某事） be used to doing sth (习惯于做某事)this building is a department store now. it_a cinema.a.was used to be b.used to bec.is used to doing d.used to be children at the beginning of last century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly even without television a.used to read,enjoyingb.used to read,enyjoyedc.were used toreading ,enjoyd.were used to read,enjoying2. pleasant ,pleased, pleasure区别 pleasant令人高兴的，令人愉快的，作定语，用来修饰事物不能修饰人 pleased一般作表语，常用的结构：sb. be pleased at sth /doing sthsb. be pleased with sth, sb. be pleased thatpleasure n.愉快，乐趣 its a pleasure to do sth. do sth with pleasureits _for me to work with her his voice is _.you have had a life of joy, and _,and successim very _that you have decided to come.3. retrun 用法 n. hong kongs return to china v. return sth to sb.=give sth ,back to sb return to sp=go / come back to sp4. own用法 adj / v. / n.this is /his _house (自已的)=this house is his_他父亲有一面大镜子。（own）_我有一个自己的电脑（of ones own）_on ones own 独立地 他独自收集了许多关于香港的信息._ 5. win ,beat , hit 区别we are sure we can _them.im very pleased when the boys _the relay race.he was _ by a falling stone.they _us at basketball last week .6. take off用法 起飞 (反)land 脱下 (反)put on .the plane _at 7am. _your gloves , they are wet.7. marry 用法 v. marry sb /marry sb to sb. get/be married be married to sb .sally wants to _ bob, so she went to the country with him. a, get married b, marry c, marry with d, get married他们把女儿嫁给一个老富翁_.他们结婚已10年了_.8a bit +adj./ adv. = = a little + adj. / adv. a little + u.n. = = a bit of + u.n. there is _ (有点) water in the glass. i find the watch a bit expensive.（同义词） a, much more b, very c, a little d, too9现在完成时：构成：s+have/has+vpp用法：（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just, yet， ever, never，already, before 连用。1.have you _ been to beijing? no, _.2.i have _ finished my work.(已经). 3.they have _ left here. (刚刚)4.i have _ (从来没有)met such a man _. (以前)(2)表示动作或状态开始于过去, 一直延续到现在, 甚至还可能继续延续下去. 常与for , since, so far, in the past/ last +一段时间, recently 等连用。动词用延续性动词。常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。come/go be in/on go out-be out leave be away begin/start be on buy have borrow keep join be a member die be dead catch a cold have a cold become be fall asleep be asleep open be open get to know know close-be closed1.he died twenty years ago.1) he _ _ _for twenty years. 2) twenty years _ _ _ he died.2.jim came to the city last year.1)jim _ _ _the city_one year.2) _ one year _ j