大米加工可行性报告.doc

various parts of the world. there was also a great deal of machinery on display. the most wonderful piece of machinery on show was nasmyths steam hammer. though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the channel from europe. on arriving in england, they were taken to the crystal palace by train. there were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. later, the crystal palace was moved to south london. it remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.lesson81 escape 脱逃when he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. he could hear shouting in the camp itself. lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. at that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. the officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. when they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. the man obviously wanted to talk. he was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. the prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. as the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. lesson82 monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near madagascar. a small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. when it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. it had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, the fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, mr wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of mr lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if mr lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-prime minister had gone abroad. on the following day, crawley went to the house again. the same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when crawley asked the same question. though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. the day after, crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. this time, the policeman lost his temper. i told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, mr lane was defeated in the elections. he has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! i know, answered crawley, but i love to hear you say it ! lesson84 on strike 罢工busmen have decided to go on strike next week. the strike is due to begin on tuesday. no one knows how long it will last. the busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. this will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. all the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. the students are going to take the test in two days time. even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. but so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the press. only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!lesson85 never too old to learn 活到老学到老i have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, mr regmald page, will be retiring next week. pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. all those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. we shall all remember mr page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, mr page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. it now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. in less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. after it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. they had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. on this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. the petrol had nearly all been used up. before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.lesson87 a perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据at the time the murder was committed, i was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to london, said the man.do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.of course i do, answered the man. i must be at work at 10.0 oclock. my employer will confirm that i was there on time. would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. i suppose it would, but i never catch a later train.at what time did you arrive at the station ?at ten to eight. i bought a paper and waited for the train.and you didnt notice anything unusual ? of course not.i suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. i suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. you see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. it broke down at ferngreen station and was taken off the line.lesson88 trapped in a mine 困在矿井里six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. if they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. however, rescue operations are proving difficult. if explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. they intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. if there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. as it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. they have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. if they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. lesson89 a slip of the tongue 口误people will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. when the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the p. and u. bird seed company, we all rushed to see it. we had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. the only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. he was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. as soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. we all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: this is the poo and ee seed bird company. good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？though brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. it was mainly for this reason that the brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of rio de janeiro. designed by the great architect lucio costa, the new city, brasilia, replaced rio de janeiro as the capital of brazif in 1960. brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. at first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave rio and to settle in brasilia. since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. the idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of brazil.lesson91 three men in a basket 三人同篮a pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a royal air force station nearby. he informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. the officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. he said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. the pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. he could make out three men in a basket under it and one of一、总论1.1概述1.1.1 项目名称、承办单位及负责人项 目 名 称： 安远乡年产2000吨优质大米加工厂建设项目承办单位：宁化县佳穗米业有限公司企业法人代表： *（董事长）项 目负责 人： *（总裁）项目建设地点： 福建省三明市宁化县安远乡1.1.2 企业概况及发展优势1、企业基本情况 宁化县佳穗米业有限公司创建于2001年10月,公司位于宁化县北山原无线电器材厂内,距离城区1公里,占地面积6000平方米.该企业是以粮食加工为主的农业产业化企业, 现已完成总投资515万元,拥有一条日产大米120吨在国内外领先水平的生产线，年产销大米36000吨，创产值9000万元。现企业职工人数26人，公司生产的“河龙贡米”、“客家优质米”系列产品投放市场深得消费者认可和青睐。 公司自成立以来，得到了政府、质监等部门的大力协助，在县质监局的帮助下，公司首先于2003年10月通过了qs食品生产许可证的评审，是我市首家获得qs证书的大米生产加工企业。2007年，公司生产的“穗利”牌大米获得福建省名牌产品称号。公司先后被省、市、县分别授予“福建省粮食行业协会放心粮油企业”的称号；农业产业化“市级龙头企业”的称号；“农业产业化先进龙头企业”的称号；市、县粮食局“定点粮食加工企业”；2003年10月，公司完成了“穗利”牌商标注册和条形码的登记。公司历年来高度重视产品质量安全，建立健全质量管理体系，以人为本，依托粮食农产品专业化、规模化生产，引进先进工艺和技术设备，开展粮食产品精深加工，扩大再生产，把企业做大做强。以“打科技牌、走创业路、产优质米、连农民心”为宗旨，以生产无污染无公害的“放心米”为己任，为建设闽赣中部经济强县做出自己的贡献。 2、 项目优势（1） 地域优势安远乡位于福建省宁化县北部，地处闽赣两省四县八乡结合部。他东邻建宁县均口镇，南接宁化县河龙、水茜乡，北连建宁客坊、黄埠、伊家乡，西面与江西石城县高田镇和广昌县塘坊乡毗邻。平均海拔高程478米，乡所在地海拔高程400米。安远是三明市边贸乡镇，市场幅射人口约20万人。乡域面积280平方公里，辖有19个行政村和1个居委会，257个村落。总人口34909人，农业人口32968人，劳动力1.5万个。（2）资源优势：安远土地肥沃，物产，盛产粮食、素有“鱼米之乡”“宁化粮仓”的美誉。全乡现有耕地面积3.5万亩，水田55万亩，2003年粮食播种面积6万亩，水稻播种面积5万亩，总产量21108吨，占粮食总产量的85.9%，2004年优质稻播种面积达3.5万亩，预计总产达21000吨。2005年优质稻面积将4万亩。安远乡属中南亚热带北部和亚热带南部的过度带气候，兼有两个气候区的特征，夏有东南风受海洋性气候影响，冬季则西北风受冷空气影响，气候环境具有夏无酷暑、冬无严寒，温和湿润，四季分明和垂直分布的特点，年平均气温16.8，极端最高气温38，极端最低气温7，全年平均10，活动积温5025，年平均降雨量1893.3mm，36月降雨量为10601120mm，年平均湿度84%，全乡都属丰水湿润区。无霜期242天，年平均日照时数1748小时。 （3）交通运输现状。距宁化县城46公里，省道富下线（油路）通过乡政府驻地，近接建宁（46公里），泰宁（76公里，京福高速路在建）、邵武（120公里）。经南丰、南城、抚州可达江西鹰潭。经省际安塘公路（安远至广昌塘坊）40公里可上昌厦（南昌至厦门）高速公路。（4）通讯、电力。安远乡早于2002年农村电网改造，并入华东电网，加工用电可以。己了各行政村村村通电话，移动电话信号覆盖全乡，为项目建设信息交流和今后产品销售提供便利，对项目建设和管理提供了有利条件.1.2项目提出的背景及建设的必要性1.2.1项目提出的背景1、 全球大米市场现状。测算，全球2002年大米产量为3.7986亿吨，2003年度全球大米产量预期3.9046亿吨，较上年度增1060万吨。在产量增幅缓慢的情况下，全球大米消费却在不断增长。缺口大米1200万吨。产需缺口，库存缺口，大米价格提升空间较大。2、 国内大米市场现状。近年来，随着我国水稻种植结构的调整，稻谷的播面积和产量也逐年减少。资料显示，我国稻谷己连续4年减产，早稻减产则更为严重。今年国内早稻总产量预计为589亿斤，比上年减少17亿斤，而与稻谷减产相反，需求量却为稳步增长。主要原因是：人口的增长，口粮的大米需求也在增加；今年各地陈粮抛售量大，市场大米可售量缺口加大，据资料显示，近几年企业库存大量减少，粮食企业在新粮上市后急需补库，收购性较高。市场上大米可售量缺口加大；我国在水稻种植技术上推广标准化生产技术，稻谷的品质和卫生安全质量提升，我国大米在国际市场上竞争力逐渐增大，大米出口量增加，己连续多年大规模的出口。据海关部署统计数据显示，2003年1-9月份全国累计出口大米188万吨，累计进口大米193万吨，净出进口69万吨。出口、进口之差加大了国内市场的缺口。3、安远乡粮食加工现状。全乡稻谷加工厂仅有2家，年加工能力仅为1000吨，优质大米加工厂还很缺乏。1.2.2项目建设的必要性1、 粮食是安天下的产业。国以民为本，民以食为天，农业是产粮的主业，无农不稳，无粮则乱，粮食是既有战略意义又有经济意义，粮食为经济发展、社会稳定物质，对人们生活农民的物质生活，建设小康社会打下的物质基础。2、 优质大米符合人们消费需求。人们生活的，吃少吃好吃绿色产品人们的消费主流，大米是人的主食，普通大米的市场越来越窄，优质大米越来越受人们青睐，生产加工优质大米，是市场消费的需要。3、 优质大米加工是农民收入的需要。粮食生产受自然条件、自然环境和市场的制约非常大。近几年来。农民增产不增收制约农业农村经济发展的问题。对大宗农副产品加工增值，是解决农产品增产不增收的唯一出路。4、 发展粮食加工是财政收入的需要。安远是个工业基础薄弱的乡镇，工业对财政收入的率很低。农村税费改革工作的，直接从农产品中财税收入的性越来越小，走农产品深加工，把直接农产品工业转化为工业产品，财政才能利税收入.本项目先建种植基地，就地加工，了当前改革趋势，为解决安远财政增收难问题开辟了新的财源。5、粮食生产和加工面临着发展的机遇。在我国大地方粮食农副产品价格自1998年的粮食价格上涨，为我国粮食改革环境，的粮食流通体制和运行机制，粮食购销市场化和市场主体，市场调节在粮食资源配置中的作用。，已加入世贸组织融入了全球一体经济。我国粮食生产，粮食的品质和卫生安全质量。粮食在国际市场上的竞争能力，使我国粮食价格在国际市场上的优势得以体现。粮食出口量，为我国粮食生产销售提共了广阔市场空间，当前粮价回升，出台一系列保护和粮食综合生产能力的政策措施，从人、财、物等的粮食生产体系倾斜，为粮食生产和加工的发展了的机遇。综上所述，优质大米加工厂是非常必要的。 二、市场需求预测和拟建设规模（1） 市场需求预测： 大米在世界粮食产量中居第三位，仅次于玉米和小麦，是亚洲和非洲大部分国家的主食品种。受气候条件限制，大米的生长区域局限在气温高、水量充沛的地区。又由于热带和亚热带地区可做到一年二熟甚至三熟，大米的增产潜力很大。 1、国际大米市场预测。 根据美国农业部于2008年11月下旬发布的统计，2009/2010年度，世界水稻收获面积估计为1.517亿公顷，比上年度增长2.3%；水稻单产估计为3.99吨/公顷；世界大米产量估计为4.061亿吨，比上年度增长1%；由于年初库存较少，大米总供应量估计为4.789亿吨，比上年度下降2%。这是世界大米总供应连续第四年出现下降。中国大米产量估计为1.274亿吨，比上年度增长2%；孟加拉、缅甸、泰国、尼日利亚、澳大利亚、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡的大米产量也出现增长。相比之下，巴西、韩国、美国和欧盟25国的大米产量则出现减少。 2009/2010年度，世界大米消费量估计为4.142亿吨，比上年度减少100万吨。印度、日本和韩国大米消费下降幅度估计较大。 2008/2009年度，由于消费超过产量800万吨，世界大米年终库存估计为为6470万吨，比上年度下降11%。这是连续第五年世界大米年终库存出现下降，并且是自1982/1983年度以来数量最少的一年。全球库存/使用比率估计从上年度的17.5%下降至15.6%，是自1974/1975年度以来最低的一年。中国、巴西、越南和美国的大米年终库存下降幅度较大。 2009年，世界大米贸易量估计为2770万吨，比上年增长2%。印度、美国、巴基斯坦、埃及和阿根廷的大米出口有所增加，而泰国、中国和乌拉圭的出口则有所下降。中国、巴西、沙特阿拉伯、斯里兰卡和美国的大米进口有所减少，而菲律宾、撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲、印度尼西亚、古巴、伊拉克和土耳其的进口有所增长。 2010年，世界大米贸易量估计为2550万吨，比上年下降8%。主要原因是菲律宾、撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲、孟加拉、沙特阿拉伯、印度尼西亚等的大米进口数量将出现下降；同时，巴西、伊拉克和韩国的大米进口数量则将有所增加。印度、越南、巴基斯坦、中国和埃及的大米出口将有所减少，而泰国、阿根廷、澳大利亚和乌拉圭的大米出口则将较大幅度增长。未来国际市场大米价格的形成主要受正在进行的稻谷收获情况所定。因预计几个传统大米出口国产量下降，大米可出口量有限，同时考虑因美元弱势国际运费相对降低，加上国际市场对大米需求依然旺盛，所以，未来世界大米价格有望走强 2、国内大米市场预测。按照经济学理论，一般情况下，产品供大于求时将导致其价格下跌。那么，2010年我国的大米市场价格走势将会如何呢？大米价格并不完全由“基本面”这个单一的因素所决定，综合多方面因素分析，粮食丰产不会大幅压制价格看好势头，2010年我国大米市场价格仍然看好。一、随着全球经济一体步伐的加快，中国经济的发展和波动受国际因素变化影响的比例已超过50%，包括大米在内的我国粮食市场同样不会独善其中。输入性通胀通过推高生产资料价格，对化肥、农药、农用塑料薄膜等农业生产资料价格形成了较大的上涨压力，并反映到国内粮食价格上。二、国际粮食价格总体仍然紧张，生产和消费的地区性矛盾突出。国际谷物理事会曾经发布报告称，2009/2010年度全球谷物产量为17.6亿吨，比上年度的实际产量减少3300万吨。联合国粮农组织预测，到2050年全世界人口将突破90亿，届时粮食产量必须提高70%才能满足人们的吃饭需求。粮农组织报告披露，2009年11月份平均食品价格指数为188点，已经达到2008年9月份以来的最高点，警告世界食品价格即将在今年呈现新一轮上扬。据中华粮网消息，目前泰国100%b级大米价格已经达到620美元/吨以上。国际大米价格的坚挺必然对国内大米价格构成支撑和拉动。三、国家政策支持粮食价格稳步提升到合理水平。2009年12月5日至7日召开的中央经济工作会议强调，要巩固农产品保障供给能力、促进农民增收，提高农业综合生产能力，完善农业补贴和价格支持制度，保持主要农产品价格基本稳定，提高主要粮食品种最低收购价格水平。中央农村工作会议明确提出“稳定发展粮食生产的信号不能变、要求不松、支持力度不能减”。2010年“一号文件”将连续七次锁定“三农”。预计2010年稻谷最低收购价格继续有一定幅度的调高，市场粮价比较看好。四、通胀预期助推新年粮价。2009年11月，居民消费价格同比上涨0.6%，同比由上月的下降转为上涨。中华粮网权威统计显示，自2009年1月4日以来，全国原粮收购价格指数已从上年的98.45上升到2010年1月10日的110.24。另外，经济复苏导致原油价格上涨（目前纽约原油期货突破每桶82美元），生物能源概念重提，为拯救金融危机集中投放的巨额资金最终流入市场，国内预期性通胀及输入性通胀影响，加上粮食生产的结构性矛盾及其他因素影响，均对2010年的粮食价格构成利好支撑。 3、对当前大米市场特点分析 ： 1） 供给偏紧，价格依然在高位上波动。2004年以来，随着我国大米连续5年产不足需，库存持续下降，国内大米市场已由过去的长期供大于求，价格低迷，转为供给偏紧，价格在高位上波动，预计这种状况至少还要持续两年以上。 2） 粳米消费群体扩大。现在不仅东北、华北、京津沪、江浙大部分地区以粳米为主食，就连中南、华南等地的大城市也出现了这种趋向，尤其是东北大米，尽管价格偏高，但以其口感好，饭味香赢得了越来越多的市场。 3） 优质绿色大米种植面积将增加。近几年来，随着我国人民生活的提高和食品安全意识的提高，人民对食用大米的质量需求越来越高。虽然2004年由于年初大米供给紧张、优质绿色大米与普通大米的价差缩小，导致优质绿色大米播种面积减少，但到了年底价差又再次拉开。今后几年，优质和绿色大米的种植面积将继续扩大。 4）农企联合、产业化经营将成为上质量，创品牌的主要途径。目前在我国，特别是东北，有的地区和品牌的大米已经具有一定知名度，但由于企业没有专门的生产基地，加工的稻谷品种不一，来源不一，质量很不稳定。大米生产企业要想占市场，创名牌，必须要走与农民签定合同，统一用种、统一栽培技术、统一收购加工的产业化经营之路。 5）运输瓶颈仍然存在。由于国内铁路运力紧张，公路运输费用太高，再一定程度上制约大米运输，而且我国大米外销数量最大的是东北三省。由于运力紧张、直接影响了大米区域间供求平衡和价格变化，时常会导致产区库存稻谷较多，收购价格难以攀升，而销区市场却供给紧张，价格居高难下，这种状况在2004年初表现十分突出。 6）粮食购销全面放开，价格主要由市场形成。2004年以来，由于国内粮食价格和市场全面放开，入市企业增多，多元化的市场主体正在形成，大米市场竞争更加激烈，价格已由过去的政府定价为主转为以市场调控为主。 总之，对粮食企业及粮农朋友来说，既要看到当前粮食生产的大好形势，又要根据市场需求与时俱进。要加快稻谷品种结构调整步伐，大力发展优质稻的生产、收购及加工。积极发挥种粮专业合作社的作用，开展卓有成效的土地流转，主动掌握粮食市场行情动态，通过规模化、科学化、规范化的经营手段，去获取新年的更大收益。（二）拟建规模：(1) 加工厂：建设砖混优质稻米加工车间一座，建筑面积800平方米，按500元/平方米计，需投资40万元；配套建设精包装车间一座，建筑面积500平方米，按500元/平方米计，需投资25万元；购置加工设备一套，投资50万元；购置精包装设备一套，投资42万元；配套建设砖混成品仓库一座，建筑面积1000平方米，按500元/平方米计，需投资50万元；购产品运输车辆一辆，投资18万元。共需投资225万元。(2) 优质稻米质量安全检测体系建设及购置设备：建设检验检测室及配套设施，建筑面积500平方米，按500元/平方米计，需投资25万元。购置检验检测仪器设备一套，投资50万元。两项合计投资为300万元。 三、工程建设条件1、 原料供应 宁化境内溪河纵横分注四方，流入闽、赣、韩三江。主要河道东溪、西溪会合于县城东郊，称翠江,县城所在地称翠江镇。宁化县属中亚热带山地气候，年平均气温15-18，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，春季长达四个月，无霜期214-248天，年平均降水量1700-1800毫米，年均日照1757小时，为发展农、林、牧各业提供了良好的自然条件。宁化拥有耕地44万亩，是国家和省商品粮基地县，年产稻谷2.2亿公斤以上。莲子、辣椒、薏仁米、茶叶、食用菌、水果、猕猴桃、魔芋等农副土特产品，产量高、品质优良。其中老