Analysis of Characteristics of Elizabeth reign 英语论文.doc

queen elizabeth ianalysis of characteristics of elizabeth reignabstract: the essay is mainly analysis of characteristics of elizabeth reign and what was the effect of english history. during her reign, britains economic prosperity, literature bright brilliant, the military has become one of the worlds best naval powe. elizabeth is one of the greatest monarch in british history as a woman.so we can better know that the united kingdom become the empire on which the sun never sets from below aspects we are discuss.key words; political policy overseas trade religion1 flexible political policyshe discovered able people and put them at suitable posts ,during his reign, fall on this society, from the ancient to the modern transition period, a dramatic social change . fortunately, she inherited her fathers supremacist view of the monarchy, but showed great wisdom by refusing to directly antagonize parliament. she acquired undying devotion from her advisement council, who were constantly perplexed by her habit of waiting to the last minute to make decisions (this was not a deficiency in her makeup, but a tactic that she used to advantage). she used the various factions (instead of being used by them), playing one off another until the exhausted combatants came to her for resolution of their grievances. finally, she change the the situation which is beset with troubles internally and externally with all her efforts, takes the lead in britain for later lay the foundation for stepping into capitalism society.and alsomake use of her intelligent developing political and economical. as a woman, she can show so outstanding ability in the political arena, it serves to show what a practiced with operate her reign policy. especially, we can see her ability from she select and appoin these courtiers with different speciality skill .even she maintained a relative balance in many courtier.2 church settlementselizabeths personal religious convictions have been much debated by scholars. she was a protestant, but kept catholic symbols (such as the crucifix), and downplayed the role of sermons in defiance of a key protestant belief. in terms of public policy she favored pragmatism in dealing with religious matters. the question of her legitimacy was a key concern: although she was technically illegitimate under both protestant and catholic law, her retroactively declared illegitimacy under the english church was not a serious bar compared to having never been legitimate as the catholics claimed she was. for this reason alone, it was never in serious doubt that elizabeth would embrace protestantism. elizabeth and her advisors perceived the threat of a catholic crusade against heretical england. elizabeth therefore sought a protestant solution that would not offend catholics too greatly while addressing the desires of english protestants; she would not tolerate the more radical puritans though, who were pushing for far-reaching reforms. as a result, the parliament of 1559 started to legislate for a church based on the protestant settlement of edward vi, with the monarch as its head, but with many catholic elements, such as priestly vestments. the house of commons backed the proposals strongly, but the bill of supremacy met opposition in the house of lords, particularly from the bishops. elizabeth was fortunate that many bishoprics were vacant at the time, including the archbishopric of canterbury. this enabled supporters amongst peers to outvote the bishops and conservative peers. nevertheless, elizabeth was forced to accept the title of supreme governor of the church of england rather than the more contentious title of supreme head, which many thought unacceptable for a woman to bear. the new act of supremacy became law on 8 may 1559. all public officials were to swear an oath of loyalty to the monarch as the supreme governor or risk disqualification from office; the heresy laws were repealed, to avoid a repeat of the persecution of dissenters practiced by mary. at the same time, a new act of uniformity was passed, which made attendance at church and the use of an adapted version of the 1552 book of common prayer compulsory, though the penalties for recusancy, or failure to attend and conform, were not extreme.3 wars and overseas tradeas early as in elizabeth at the beginning of the regime, from continental europe is constantly from spain and portugal navigator exploration success get rich news. in commercial times, win the ocean more important than win the land. as an island nation, british people seem to be naturally more than the others understand this truth. englands any one place distance from sea are more than 120 kilometers, in the history of the big opportunities; the british have such a huge advantage of location gradually revealed. she keenly aware this point, and quickly became a british overseas trade of active supporters and direct participants. not only elizabeth authorized businessman organize trade company, the development of overseas trade, also a shareholder in person, they issued to the royal charter, awarded the businessmen and adventurer various overseas the privilege of whom, in order to extract from the dividend, the famous east india company is at this time of the product. at the same time, in order to fight for supremacy of the seas, spain and britain in august 1588 in the english channel had a remarkable, fierce spectacular sea fight. this battle, spain strength, advanced weapons, powerful warships, and force of more than 30000 people, known as the lucky armada. of course, the british army scale is not large, the entire fleet of fighting men and only 9000 people. the two armies, a great disparity in numerical strength, spain obvious occupy absolute advantage. but, unexpected is the end of the naval in spain were devastating failure, armada almost lordaeron. after a sharp decline in spain, sea overlords status was british instead.4 succession questionfrom the start of elizabeths reign, it was expected that she would marry and the question arose whom. she never did, although she received many offers for her hand; the reasons for this are not clear. she did have some possible inheritance candidate, but elizabeth are not be considered. her niece mary stewart is catholic, in her before running away from scotland even since then, she has been selected as possible successor. mary was driven,although elizabeth accepted her, but she will be locked up mary to ensure that will not threat her position. marys son james was little, before he pass the test, he would not be take into account, the other candidate is unlikely. elizabeth hoped that mary i woud convert protestantism, and find reliable husband for mary, so she delay the problem of successor during the prisoners, at the same time, she is likely to get married. she once considered in many french prince as her husband. the first proposal is duke of orleans henry who small 20 years old than her ( henry iii later), after the the proposal was reject , she also considered the more young brother francois, but francois early deaths and the program went bankrupt. elizabeth marriage and personal life has always been a public topic . known as the virgin queen does not mean that she hadnt sexual life, she lived will have a lot of anecdotal illegitimate child, generally, lester earl robert dudley, essex earl robert de eph rom etc is her lover. but on the other hand, it is said she never married because barren and even have she has a sexual function defects.elizabeths reign is known as the elizabethan era, famous above