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10万吨糖蜜酒精生产线高浓度有机废水处理项目100,000t molasses alcohol product linehigh concentrated organic wastewater treatment project工艺技术方案process technical design 青岛国桥进出口有限公司（cbc）qingdao chinabridge imp. & exp. co., ltd（cbc）二oo九 年 四 月第一章 简 介chapter one summary我公司投资的10万吨糖蜜酒精，用甘蔗汁为原料产生废糖蜜经过发酵生产酒精，在生产酒精的过程中产生高浓度有机废水。酒精废水未经处理就近排入水体，会造成一定程度的污染，因此，必须建设配套的污水处理设施。the project of 100,000t molasses alcohol product line, use sugarcane juice as raw material to produce sugar cane juice, after fermentation, it produce alcohol. meanwhile, high concentrated organic wastewater is brought out. if charge the waste water without treatment, it will result in pollution. therefore, the matching waste water treatment is necessary to build.工程规模为日处理酒精废水3372m3 /project scale: deal with alcohol wastewater 3372 m3 per day.污水处理采用厌氧好氧处理工艺/ the wastewater treatment adopts anaerobic + aerobic process.工程总投资为5821400美元/ the total investment is 5,821,400 u.s. dollars.污水处理运行成本为0.225美元/m3。the running cost for wastewater treatment is 0.225 u.s. dollars / m3.第二章 工程规模与处理程度chapter two project scale and treatment level第一节 规模的确定section one scale control根据我公司对糖蜜酒精污水处理的治理经验，及厂方提供的数据，确定水量如下：according to the experience on molasses alcohol wastewater treatment and information provided by the factory, the determined water quality is as follows: 糖蜜酒精酒糟水为3372 m3/d（含水93.4%）molasses alcohol distillers grains water 3372 m3 / d (moisture content 93.4%) 经板框过滤后水量为2300 m3/d。water quantity after plate and frame filter press is 2300 m3 / d.第二节 进水水质的确定section two quality control of inflow water参照同类生产企业的酒精废水参数，及公司确定精废水处理工程的进水水质设计为：codcr 80000mg/l（板框过滤前） codcr 45000mg/l（板框过滤后） bod5 25000mg/l ss 5000mg/l nh3-n 180mg/l ph ： 44.5 t 80referring to the molasses alcohol parameters of the same type manufacture factories and the determined wastewater value, the design is as follows:codcr 80000mg/l（before plate and frame filter press） codcr 45000mg/l（after plate and frame filter press） bod5 25000mg/l ss 5000mg/l nh3-n 180mg/l ph ： 44.5 t 80第三节 污水处理程度的确定section three wastewater treatment level污水处理工程对污水中主要污染物的处理程度是确定处理工艺的基本依据。而处理程度主要依据污水处理厂出水受纳水体的水体标准和环境容量，依照国家颁布的有关排放标准来确定根据中华人民共和国污水综合排放标准（gb89781996），排入该水体的污水执行二级标准，即污水处理站的出水水质应达到：in the wastewater treatment project, the disposal level for the main pollutants in wastewater is the basic criterion to design the process. the disposal level depends on the receiving water body of water standards and environmental capacity. in accordance with the peoples republic of integrated wastewater discharge standard (gb8978-1996), execute the secondary effluent standards for wastewater discharged in the water body, that is, effluent water from wastewater treatment plant should meet the following quality: codcr 300mg/l bod5 150mg/l ss 200mg/l ph ： 6-9 nh3n 25mg/l 根据进水水质和出水水质的要求，显然简单的机械处理不能满足要求，因此本工程将采用厌氧好氧生物处理的方式以达到上述要求。according to the requirements of inlet and outlet water quality, apparently simple mechanical processing cannot meet the requirements of this project. therefore, anaerobic + aerobic process is adopt to meet above requirements.第三章 污水处理工艺的确定chapter three wastewater treatment process第一节 处理工艺选择section one treatment process污水处理工艺的选择直接关系到出水水质指标能否达到要求，关系到运行是否稳定可靠，管理是否方便以及投资和运行成本的高低。因此，慎重选择适当的处理工艺是污水处理设计的关键。the choice of wastewater treatment process will directly affect to the outlet water quality, steadily running, management, investment and operation cost. therefore, careful selection of appropriate treatment technology is the key for wastewater treatment.糖蜜酒精废水是高浓度、高温度的有机废水，因此简单的机械和物化的方法不能保证污水处理的稳定达标排放，高浓度有机废水如果直接进行好氧处理，势必会造成能耗过高，从而增加污水处理的运行成本，而单独的厌氧处理也不能直接达标排放。因此，本污水处理工程采用厌氧+好氧的处理方法。the molasses alcohol wastewater is organic wastewater with high concentration and high temperature. so simple mechanical and physic-chemical method cannot guarantee the qualified discharge of wastewater. if directly use aerobic treatment for high concentrated organic wastewater, it will lead to high cost. and the anaerobic treatment alone cannot reach the requirement either.therefore, the wastewater treatment project adopts anaerobic + aerobic treatment.一、厌氧工艺的选择 / anaerobic process目前应用于高浓度废水处理成熟的厌氧方案主要有uasb和bic,因此针对这两种厌氧工艺进行比较如下：at present, there are two kinds of mature process, uasb and bic, to dispose the high concentrated wastewater. therefore, compare the both processes as follows:（一）uasb厌氧反应器 / uasb anaerobic reactoruasb即为上流式厌氧污泥床反应器，为第二代厌氧反应器的典型代表。整个反应器主体可分为两个区域：反应区和气、液、固三相分离区。污水通过水泵提升到厌氧反应器的底部，利用底部的布水系统将污水均匀地布置在整个截面上，同时利用进水的出口压力和产气作用，使废水与高浓度的厌氧污泥充分接触和传质，将废水中的有机物降解。废水在反应区缓慢上升，进一步降解有机物。气体、水、污泥在同时上升过程中，沼气首先进入三相分离器内部通过管道排出，污泥和废水通过三相分离器的缝隙上升到分离区，污泥在分离区沉淀浓缩并回流到三相分离器的下部，保持厌氧反应器内的生物量，沉淀后的出水通过管道排出罐外。分离区反应区uasb反应器结构示意图出水进水沼气布水系统三相分离器uasb is up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, it is the typical representative of the second generated anaerobic reactor. the whole reactor can be divided into two regions: reaction zone and three-phase separation zone of gas, liquid and solid. upgrade the wastewater to the bottom of anaerobic reactor by water pump, distribute the wastewater on the whole section by use of water distributor, meanwhile, utilize the outlet pressure and aerogenesis to make wastewater and high concentrated anaerobic sludge have enough contact and mass transfer, and finally degrade the organic matter in wastewater. the wastewater slowly rise in the reaction zone and further degrade the organic compounds. in the ascent process of gas, water and sludge, the biogas first enter the three-phase separator and then discharge through pipeline, meanwhile, the sludge and wastewater upgrade to the separation zone through the gap. the sludge concentrate and return back into the down part of three-phase separator to keep the biomass in anaerobic reactor, and the water after precipitation drainage through pipe.（二）bic厌氧反应器 / bic anaerobic reactorbic为我公司自主开发研究的内外双循环厌氧反应器，代表了当今厌氧反应器的最高水平。它是由布水器、提升装置、三相分离器、气液分离器、罐体及出水系统等组成。bic is internal and external double loops anaerobic reactor, researched and developed by our own company. it represents the highest level of present anaerobic reactor, composed by water distributor, upgrading device, three-phase separator, gas-liquid separator, tank, water discharge system, etc.可以理解bic是由上、下两个uasb组成的两个反应室，下反应室负荷高，上反应室负荷低，在反应器内部，对应分为三个反应区。that is, the bic is two reactors composed by upper and lower uasb. the lower reactor has high load and the upper reactor has lower load. inside the reactor, there are three reacting areas.沼气bi进水bic反应器结构示意图出水分离区精处理区高负荷区布水系统提升装置三相分离器气液分离器高负荷区：借助于本公司的专利防堵塞的布水系统，高浓度的有机废水均匀进入反应器底部，完成与反应器内污泥的充分混合，由于内循环作用、高的水力负荷和产气的搅动，导致反应器底部的高浓度的颗粒污泥呈良好的流化状态，使废水与污泥能够充分接触，如此良好的传质作用和较高的污泥活性保证了bic反应器具有较高的有机负荷和有机物去除率。 high-load area: with the companys patented anti-clogging water distribution system, high concentrated organic wastewater enters into the bottom of reactor, carry out the fully mixed with sludge. due to the internal cycle affection, high water load and gas stirring, the high concentrated granular sludge is in good flow status, the wastewater and sludge will fully contact. therefore, good mass transfer and high sludge activity ensure the organic load and removal rate for bic reactor. 低负荷区：低负荷区也是精处理区，在这个反应区内水力负荷和污泥负荷较低，因此可以有效的对废水中的有机物进行精处理。 low load area: it is polishing unit, in which area, the hydraulic load and sludge load is lower. so the organic matter will be effectively removed from the wastewater.沉降区： bic反应器顶部为污泥沉降区，有机物已基本去除，废水中的少量悬浮物在本区内进一步进行沉降，保证bic出水水质。 settlement area: the top area of bic reactor is settlement area. the organic matter has been basically removed and small amount suspended matter in wastewater will have further settlement, which ensures the bic outlet water quality.基本原理：废水通过布水系统进入厌氧反应器的下部高负荷区，与颗粒污泥进行充分的混合和传质，将废水中大部分的有机物分解，产生大量的沼气。沼气通过提升装置时，由于沼气的提升作用，沼气连同一部分混合液被提升到罐顶部的气液分离器，沼气在气液分离器里被分离出来，分离后的混合液再通过回流管回流到罐的底部，与进入bic厌氧反应器的进水混合，形成了厌氧罐自身的内循环。 basic principle: the wastewater enters into the high load area in anaerobic reactor bottom through water distribution system. the wastewater and granular sludge have adequate mixture and mass transfer, upgrade the organic matter and bring out biogas. the biogas and part of the mixed liquor is taken up to the gas-liquid separator, where the biogas is separated and the mixed liquor reflows to the tank bottom and blend with the inlet water of bic anaerobic reactor. it forms the self internal circle of anaerobic tank.废水通过提升装置后进入上部低负荷区（精处理区），进一步降解废水中的有机物，混合液通过上部的三相分离器时进行颗粒污泥、水、沼气的分离，沼气通过沼气管道排出，污泥则回流到厌气罐底部保持生物量，而沉淀后的水通过出水堰进入后续构筑物。the wastewater gets into the up part low load area to degrade the organic matter for further. the mixed liquor separates the granular sludge, water and biogas by three-phase separator. the biogas discharge from the biogas pipe and the sludge reflow to the anaerobic tank bottom to keep the biomass.bic运行成功的关键因素是必须用颗粒污泥接种，以下是我公司在工业废水中培养的颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥照片the key for bic running is using granular sludge to inoculate. the below is granular sludge brought up by our company.（三）厌氧方案的确定/ anaerobic plan针对以上这两种厌氧工艺的进行比较，可得结论如下：compare above two anaerobic plans, thus, achieve below conclusion”工 艺 方 案 比 较 表指 标 / targetbicuasb容积负荷a / capacity load a15-30kgcod/ m3.d3-8kgcod/ m3.d运行成本 / running cost低 / low低 / low占地面积b / site size b少/small大/large毒性抑制力c / virulence restraint c大/large小/small耐负荷冲击d / impact load resistance d强/strong弱/ weak布水均匀性e/ homogeneity of water distribution e均匀/yes不均匀/no维护与操作 / maintenance and operation简便/ easy精心/ detailed二次污染 / secondary pollution无/ no无