英文摘要写作 指南

-精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 1 英文摘要写作指南 英文摘要写作指南： 摘要是一种对原始文献的基本内 容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅 速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观 评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述 原文的重要内容。 摘要写作是一种控制性的作文形 式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原 文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出 内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。 另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的 能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际 写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一 罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理 解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣 -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 2 赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。因此， 用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生 来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。下 面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读 全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析， 掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的 主题和各段的段落大意。 2）弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文 概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就 某些问题写出要点。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的 内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注 意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与 文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。 将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提 纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初 稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点： 摘要应包括原文中的主要事实； 略去不必要的细节。 安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原 -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 3 文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内 容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。 要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只 简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。 尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排 斥用原文的某些词句。 计算词数，看是否符合规定的词 数要求。 请阅读下面这篇约 500 词的原文。 并要求写出约 150 词的摘要。 How New York Became Americas Largest City In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston Today it is the largest city in AmericaHow can the change in its size and importance be explained？ To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography， history，and economics Together these three will explain the huge growth of -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 4 Americas most famous city The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaportsAt these points materials from across the sea enter the United States， and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goodsThat is why seaports often have cities nearby But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centersTheir development did not happen simply by chance About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved towaard the west，trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 5 country began to be a serious problem The slow wagons of that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far Americans had long admired Europes canalsIn New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problemFrom the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low landHere the Erie Canal was constructed After several years of work it was completed in 1825 The canal produced an immediate effectFreight costs were cut to about onetenth of what had beenNew York City，which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston， quickly became the leading city of the coastIn the years that followed， transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi RiverThen -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 6 New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important，but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the countryIt was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas Exports from New York were greater than importsConsequently，shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from EuropePassengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries Many of these people remained in the cityOthers -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 7 stayed in New York for a few weeks， months，or years，and then moved to other parts of the United StatesFor these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes， goods， and servicesTheir labor helped the city be come great Here is the summary of above passage How New York Became Americas Largest City New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，but now it is Americas largest city because of geography，history and economics New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroadacross the seaThe city was further developed when the Erie Canal was completed in 1825This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 8 cost of transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut downIn addition， the Great Lakes were soon linked to the MississippiLater，railroads tied New York closer to the central states，whose goods were exported via New York Fewer goods were imported，so cheap passages were available from EuropeNew York became the main port for receiving Europeans，many of whom stayed in the city and helped it become great 初稿完成后要检查修改。看主要 内容是否已包含进去，内容是否前后连 贯，是否存在语法、拼写、标点符号等 方面的错误。另外，在表达方式上要求 直截了当、开门见山，不要拖泥带水、 迂回曲折。在修改时要注意下面几个具 体问题。 省略。用来说明要点的细节可省 略，可去掉修饰性的描述。摘要的特点 -精选财经经济类资料-