英国文学作品及作家

1、英国文学作品及作家一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟13431400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.作品： 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗勒斯与克丽西德 声誉之堂公爵夫人之书百鸟议会二、William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚156416

2、16lplaywright,poet评价comments：Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本琼森（Ben Johnson）-他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He was not of an age, but for all time.）作品： Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Fo

3、ur Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626Bacons quote1、 knowledge is power 知识就是力量。2、 Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth,

4、and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。3、 Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本

5、身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。4、 Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。评价n the founder of English materialist philosophy.n The founder of modern science in England. n a representative of the English renaissance.n a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. Bacons works est

6、ablish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction（归纳法）implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philoso

7、pher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.n马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.作品：学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类。随笔 新工具，阐述了归纳法新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作

8、品十七世纪英国诗人John Donne the Metaphysical poet(17世纪玄学派诗人)n English poet, preachern He was the most outstanding of the English Metaphysical Poets作品：n Songs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗The Flea 跳蚤The Good-Morrow 早安Break of Day破晓n Epithalamions, or marriage songs 颂歌n Elegies 挽歌 On His MistressTo His Mistress Going to

9、 bedn Divine poems 圣歌n Holy Sonnets 神圣十四行诗 At the Round Earths Imagined Corner, BelowDeath Be Not ProudArtistic features:1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2. syllogism三段论John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674John Milton was an English poet, 政论家，polemicist (辩论家）He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost, which is co

10、nsidered as the greatest English literary epic. 评价：William Hayleys 1796 biography called him the greatest English author. He remains generally regarded as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance. 写作的3个主题: q Church governmentq Divorceq Republicanism作

11、品：n 1637：Lycidas 利西达斯n 1650：Areopagitica 为英国人民声辩n 1667: Paradise Lost 失乐园是无韵体n 1671: Paradise Regained 复乐园n 1671: Samson Agonistes 力士参孙This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve

12、him best who can endure the suffering best.冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He started The Review, a political and literary magazine in prison. 1704年，他创办评论杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。评价：n He is called “The Father of the English fiction”（英国小说之父） 考，填空He is the first writer stu

13、dy of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.作品： The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and ar

14、tless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. Capta

15、in Singleton 辛格顿船长 Moll Flanders 摩尔弗兰德斯 A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记 Roxana 罗克萨娜Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。作品：A Tale of a Tub 一只桶的故事The battle of the Books 书籍之战The Drapiers Letter 布商来信 A Modest Proposal 一个温和的建议Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记Four parts:Lilliput 小人国 B

16、robdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛浪漫主义诗人一William Blake威廉布莱克17571827n Poet and Paintern Engravern Developed own mythology/religionn First major “Romantic” poetn 英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活。Features of his poems 1.use of simple language 2. serious, somber themes 3. l

17、yrical beauty 4. symbolism 5. mysticism 常出现的主题： Good & evil Heaven & hell Knowledge & innocence External reality & inner作品：Poetical Sketches 诗的素描Songs of Innocence 天真之歌a happy and innocent world from childrens eye. Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityThe Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heav

18、en and Hell 天堂和地狱的结合Songs of Experience 经验之歌a word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: 、 、 Tyger is a symbol of dread and violenceVisions of the Daughters of Albion 阿尔比昂的女儿们之幻想The Song of Los 罗斯之歌Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796l Scottish poet and w

19、riter of traditional Scottish folk songs, whose works are known and loved wherever the English language is read. l 是英国苏格兰著名的农民诗人。l The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰安德生，我的爱人 一朵红红的玫瑰n 往昔时光 不管那一套n 我的心在那高原上 作品：n Poems, chiefly in the

20、Scottish dialect 苏格兰方言诗集n The Tree of Liberty 自由树 带有名著明主进步思想n Scots, Wha Hae 苏格兰人n Holy Willies Prayer 威利长老的祈祷 无情的嘲讽了教会的虚伪和地主对农民的压迫n The Twa Dogs, 两只狗William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850与Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯尔律治、Robert Southey骚塞同被称为Lake Poets“湖畔派”诗人。评价：l a major English Romantic poet l 享有自然诗人的美誉l Poe

21、t Laureate: “桂冠诗人”l with Coleridge helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.抒情歌谣集，the Prelude is considered as the declaration of Romanticism英国浪漫主义的宣言. 作品： 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature em

22、bodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty o

23、f nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女Lucy Poems 露西序曲Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721

24、834 The Lake PoetsEnglish lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher, whose Lyrical Ballads, written with Wordsworth, started the English Romantic movement. 作品： 古舟子颂 克丽斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)文学评论著

25、作文学传记（Biographia Literature） Jane Austen简奥斯丁17751817lShe compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.作品： 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见曼斯菲尔德庄园爱玛劝导诺桑觉寺In the opening of Pride And Prejudice, Jane Austen states: “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in pos

26、session of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife”. People marry for many reasons, including convenience, love, infatuation, and companionship throughout the novel. 浪漫主义诗人二George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦17881824l The most renowned English-language poet of his day.l His best-known works are the narrativ

27、e poems Childe Harolds Pilgrimage and Don Juan. l Byrons fame rests also on his life, which featured extravagant living, numerous love affairs, debts, separation, allegations of incest and bisexuality and an eventual death from fever after he travelled to fight on the Greek side in the Greek War of

28、Independence. 作品：恰尔德哈罗德尔游记唐璜该隐诗歌：Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱17921822评价: one of the major English Romantic poets is critically regarded among the finest lyric poets in the English language Shelley was famous for his association with John Keats and Lord Byron.作品： 无神论的必要性麦布女王伊斯兰的反叛解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the dr

29、ama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression钦契诗辩西风颂Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich

30、sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies. Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelleys Ode to the West Wind is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is