高考英语语法精讲精练精析-名词性从句

1、专题十名词性从句一、概念定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句在复合句中能担任：主语、宾语(介词宾语)、表语、同位语，因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1连接连词：that, whether, if, as if和because。 that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不可以充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义。The fact is that we have lost the game. The reason why he was late was that he

2、missed the train this morning.He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. It looks as if it is going to rain. It happened that I went out last night.It is known to us how he became a writer. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have

3、enough money. 2连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose和which。注意：what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词关系代词即常说的先行词 that。I want to know what he has told you. What he wants to tell us is not clear. 3连接副词：when, where, how和why。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. She always thinks o

4、f how she can work well.Where the party will be held has not yet been announced. 在历年的高考中几乎都涉及名词性从句，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查：1语序问题。在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其他部分应用陈述句的语序。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. Why he did that was not clear.2用it代替主语从句或宾语从句。为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主

5、语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。3名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择，尤其是what用法要多多体会。高考真题探究（20062011年）【2011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【答案】B【考点】考察名词性从句中的主语从句。【解析】句意：这个惊人

6、的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why【答案】A【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling

7、 of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。【解析】句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。【2011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】D【考点】考查

8、名词性从句中的宾语从句。【解析】句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。【2011山东卷 26】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why【答案】D【考点】考查表语从句。【解析】句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。【2011山东卷 33】Weve offered

9、her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what . whether D. which【答案】C【考点】此题考查宾语从句的引导词。【解析】根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether “是否“， where “哪里“what “什么”，which “哪个“。【2011江西卷 26.】The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which【答案】C【考

10、点】考察宾语从句和主语从句。【解析】村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。【2011江苏卷 26】It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why【答案】A【考点】考查主语从句。【解析】句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。【2011安徽卷 33】His writing is so confusing that its

11、difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句。【解析】句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。【2011四川卷 10】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do

12、 and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which【答案】C【考点】考查名词性从句。【解析】in介词之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why“为什么”；how“怎么样”；which“哪一个”。【2011辽宁卷 23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. A. what B. who . how D. why【答案】C【考点】考查名词性从句。【解析】句子意思：20

13、个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，that aims to teach _ to read first.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词+to do”结构。【2011辽宁卷 32】When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because【答案】C【考点】考查同位语从句。【解析】句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去

14、部队服役。此处的“ the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。【2011天津卷 13】Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where【答案】C【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。【解析】句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。【2011陕西卷 15】Id like to start my own businesstha

15、ts _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句中的表语从句。【解析】后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。【2011重庆卷 22】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. when C. which D. where【答案】A【考点】考查名词性从句。【解析】still under

16、discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whetheror not也可以做出正确选择。【2011重庆卷 34】It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. that【答案】B【考点】考查宾语从句。【解析】What引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“a new invention can be of what use”。【2011湖南

17、卷)31】Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why【答案】A【考点】本题考察的是名词性从句中主语从句。【解析】从句中缺表语，排除B和D；又因题目没有给出problem的范围，故选A；句意：在解决问题之前，一定要弄清楚问题是什么。10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nice

18、ly.A. that B. which C. what D. whether答案C考点宾语从句解析空格在句中充当宾语。我们应该尊重食物, 考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。10湖南Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 答案D考点考查名词性从句。解析该空引导宾语从句, 根据句意 “办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。10天津As a new graduate

19、, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which答案B考点考查名词性从句。解析句意：作为一名新毕业生, 他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词, 其后缺少宾语, 所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。10北京 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How答案B考点本题考查主语从句。解析句意：一些人眼

20、中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语, 只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。10浙江How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, you want. A. whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever答案C考点本题考查引导词。解析句意：“这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜的？” “好啊, 按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。10浙江It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about

21、, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether答案B考点本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物, 但是, 它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是 “副作用”, 还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故选择what, 形容词 “什么样的”, 起修饰作用。10上海One reason for her preference for city li

22、fe is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why答案A考点此处考查的是同位语从句。解析考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。10湖北The news _（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)答案that the housing price will fall考点同位语从句解析用 “that” 引导同位语从句, “房价”译

23、成 “housing price”。10山东Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which答案B考点本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析句意应为 “在大甩卖开始前, 我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知, 空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语, 所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。10上海When changing lanes, a

24、driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering答案B考点本题考查宾语从句。解析which引导的句子做know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。10四川How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, wh

25、ether his friends or relatives. w_ A. what B. who C. how D. why w答案B考点考查介词后的宾语从句。解析根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去, 故选B。句意为 “一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”10全国We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where答案D考点根据选项此题考查从句。题解析句意：

26、我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。干中空格划在动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句, 根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D。10湖北I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how答案C考点宾语从句解析我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A, 错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。10全国Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children disco

27、ver the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where答案D考点考查宾语从句。解析Up to为介词结构, 后接宾语从句从句；而句意是 “读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。10江苏I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what答案A考点考查表语从句。解析这就是我

28、不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句。10北京Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether答案B考点本题考查表语从句。解析从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。09湖南She is very dear

29、to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever答案C考点名词性从句的引导词。解析句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵, 我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。句中缺少宾语, 选项中只有whatever符合句意可引导宾语从句作动词do的宾语并在从句中充当动词take to的宾语。 答案C。09江西The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and w

30、armer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though答案C考点间隔式同位语从句的用法。解析近年来地球气候逐渐变暖, 很多科学家已经为此担忧。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。09北京At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better.A. when B. how C. why D. if答案D考点考查宾语从句。解析起先他讨厌这个新工作, 但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否

31、能感觉好点。考查宾语从句。答案D。09全国ICould I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever答案C考点考查宾语从句。解析我能够和负责国际业务的人谈谈吗？whoever既作了 to 的宾语, 又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词, any person whothe person who “任何人”、 “无论谁”、 “的人”。09海南One of the most i

32、mportant questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which答案C考点考查表语从句。解析句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词, that 作代词, 往往用于特指, 相当于 “that名词”, 它也只能代替事情不能代替人。09陕西The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever答案D考点考查宾语

33、从句。解析此处从做介词to的宾语, 是名词性从句, 引导词做从句的主语, 指人, 意思是：无论是谁, 选D09上海As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how答案B考点考查宾语从句。解析作为一名外交官, 他经常考虑着如何在这样的场合表现得更得体。考查宾语从句, 从句缺少方式状语。答案D。09四川News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been adm

34、itted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where答案C考点考查同位语从句。解析在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容, 由于该题把同位语从句后置了, 所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。09天津It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that答案D考点考查主语从句。解析很显然, 学生应该为将来做好准备。It为

35、形式主语, that引导的真正的主语。09浙江Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A.WhenB. that C. whether D. what答案B考点考查同位语从句。解析你能到机场接我吗？没问题。答案B。09重庆We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where答案A

36、考点考查宾语从句。解析我们应当考虑下学生们的要求：学校图书馆能多提供些关于科普方面的书。考查同位语从句。从句句子结构完整, 因此用that引导。答案A。09江苏Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what答案D考点考查宾语从句。解析预计许多西方年轻人会把可能是人生中最重要的抉择婚姻, 几乎完全交由幸运之神掌握。 “_ could

37、 be life s most important decision”是leave的宾语从句, 从句缺少主语, 因此用what。答案D。09陕西The how-to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A who B whomever C no matter who D whoever答案D考点考查宾语从句。解析这本指南书对想要从事这项工作的都人会有帮助。宾语从句中缺少主语, 排除B；no matter who虽然意思上和whoever相同, 但只能引导让步状语从句, 也排除。Whoever既作主语中动词或介词的宾语, 又作从句中的主语, 相

38、当于anyone who;who不具备这种语法功能。答案D。09山东The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who答案A考点考查表语从句。解析remain是系动词, 后加表语从句, 由句意可知, 从句缺地点状语, 所以选A。08北京The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the

39、 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who答案C考点考查宾语从句。解析该句中they hope是插入语, 故 “ will be the best means of transport in the 21st century”实际上是create的宾语, 且缺少宾语从句的连接词, 并且该连接词要指物且在从句中作主语, what可以起到该作用。08天津The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. wh

40、y 答案C考点考查表语从句。解析由the last time可知是表示时间, 故用when引导表语从句。08安徽Students are always interested in finding outthey can go with a new teacher.A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long答案A考点考查宾语从句。解析how far多远；how soon多久；how often多长时间一次；how long多长时间。08湖南When asked they needed most, the kids said they wante

41、d to feel important and loved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which答案A考点考查宾语从句。解析句意为：当被问到他们最需要什么时, 孩子们说他们想让别人觉得他们是重要的, 希望被爱。what引导宾语从句, 且what在从句中作needed的宾语。08陕西Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where答案D考点考查同位语从句。解析由句式结构可以判断 the party is to be he

42、ld是get any idea的同位语, 故空格处应为同位语从句的引导词, 且该从句中句子成分完整, 但语意不完整, 故应选择D项, 表示地点。08重庆People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how答案C考点考查宾语从句。解析what 引导名词性从句, 同时充当achieved的宾语。08浙江Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different fr

43、om _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one答案A考点考查宾语从句。解析句中的from缺少宾语, what既引导了宾语从句, 又充当了speak的宾语。08福建 is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which答案B考点考查主语从句。解析分析题干结构 “ is known to us all”是主语从句, 从句中缺少主语, what引导主语从句, 在从句中作主语。如

44、果选it, 需去掉all后的is;如果选as;需去掉is that。08山东 was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As答案C考点考查主语从句。解析what引导主语从句, 同时又在从句中充当主语。07全国matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which答案A考点考查主语从句。解析本题考查主语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 所以A项正确。07天津The seaside here draws

45、 a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands makeit is.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where答案A考点考查宾语从句。解析句意为：每年夏天这儿的海边都吸引大量的游客。温暖的阳光和柔软的沙滩使海边成了现在的样子。what引导宾语从句, 且what在从句中作表语, 意为 “的（东西）”。07安徽You can only be sure ofyou have at present; you cannot be sure of somethingyou might get in the future.A.

46、that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that答案B考点考查宾语从句。解析what引导宾语从句, 并在从句中作宾语；that引导定语从句, 并在从句中作宾语, 可以省略。07湖南Having checked the doors were closed, andall the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where答案B考点考查宾语从句。解析句意为：确保门关上了, 且所有的灯都关上了之后, 那个男孩打开门进了他的卧室。checked后跟了两个宾语从句, 第一个从句的引导词that省略了。07陕西parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As答案C考点本题考查名词性从句的选用。解析分析句子结构可知,