英语语法英语现在分词和过去分词

1、非谓语动词,Non-finite,非谓语动词的类型:,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 动名词,Participle 分词,Non-finite,-ing 分词,-ed 分词,-ing分词(以make为例 ),-ed 分词,Having made,making,being made,Having been made,made,X,X,X,分词在句中承担的成分:,由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语.,1.作定语,-the sun which is rising,-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有 前置位 Having done Having been

2、 done e.g. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. 2. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.,More exercises,+ 主句,（强调时间先后）,1)The president promised to keep all the board members_ (inform) of how the negotiations were going on 2)_(be) there more than once, t

3、he old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library. 3)_(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag 4)_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.,informed,Having been,Having been invited,Not knowing,分词的逻辑主语: 分词的逻辑主语一般为_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语

4、，e.g. If weather permits, we will have a field trip. Weather permitting, well have a field trip tomorrow 这被称为_。 时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔. Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.,主句的主语,分词的独立结构,*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。 如：Judging from the expression on his face, he had f

5、ailed the driving test again Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than boys . 类似的还有: Speaking of Talking of ,高考题,1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2.The disc, digitally _ in the studio

6、, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken,B,B,A,4._ a reply, he decided to

7、write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,C,5.Before _, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using,A,6._ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them

8、 light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving,D,1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,C,“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought,综合练习,5) Victor apologized his_ (not be) able to inform

9、 me of the change in the plan. 6) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_ (exhaust). 7) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_ (catch). 8) Generally_ (speak), When _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 9) She will tell us why she feels so str

10、ongly that each of us has a role_ (play) in making the earth a better place_ (live).,not being,exhausted,being caught,speaking,taken,to play,to play,10 ) Though_ (lack) money, his parents managed_ (send) him to university. 11) - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the custo

11、mers? - The key_ (solve) the problem is _(meet) the demand _(make) by the customers. 12) With a lot of difficult problems_ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 13) _ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late_ (clear) up the river. 14) Do let your mother_(k

12、now) all the truth. She appears_ (tell) everything.,lacking,to send,to solving,to meet,made,to settle,Having suffered,to clear,know,to have been told,16) Sandy could do nothing but_ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 17) Mr. Reed made up his mind _(devote) all he had to_ (set) up some schools

13、 for poor children. 18) One learns a language by_ (make) mistakes and_ (correct) them. 19) Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ (expect) in my new job. 20) Tony was very unhappy for_ (not invite) to the party.,admit,to devote,setting,making,correcting,to expect,not having been invited,21

14、)_ (give) the general state of his health, it may take him a while_ (recover) from the operation. 22) There are five pairs of shoes_ (choose) from, but Im at a loss which_ (buy). 23) Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ (pay) by the hour. 24) What worried the child most was his_ (not allow) vis

15、it his mother in the hospital 25 ) He claimed_ (treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.,Given,to recover,to choose,to buy,paid,not being allowed,to have badly treated,26) _ (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never_ (break). 27) While_ (shop), people sometimes

16、cant help _(persuade) into buying something they dont really need. 28) She looks forward every spring to_ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. 29) Once your business becomes international, _(fly) constantly will part of your life 30) The little time we have together we try_ (spend) wisely.,To fetch,to be broken,shopping,being persuaded,walking,flying,to spend,1)I meant to buy an evening paper, but I didnt see anyone _(sell) them. 2)Just now I saw a man_ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _(seat) on his shoulder 3)The lady would lov