2019国自然20大热点之高分综述合集小张聊科研xzlky2015cancer statistics 2018_W

1、CA CANCER J CLIN 2018;00:0000Cancer Statistics, 2018Rebecca L. Siegel, MPH1*; Kimberly D. Miller, MPH2; Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD31Strategic Director, Surveillance Informa- tion Services, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Soci- ety, Atlanta, GA; 2Epidemiologist, Surveil- lance

2、 and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; 3Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Soci- ety, Atlanta, GA.Corresponding author: Rebecca L. Siegel, MPH, Surveillance Information Services, Surveil- lance and Health Services Research, Americ

3、an Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002; RDISCLOSURES: The authors report no con- flicts of interest.doi: 10.3322/caac.21442. at Available onlineIntroductionCancer is a major public health problem worldwide and is the second leading ca

4、use of death in the United States. In this article, we provide the estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in 2018 in the United States nationally and for each state, as well as a comprehensive overview of cancer occurrence based on the most current population-based data for cancer incidenc

5、e through 2014 and for mortality through 2015. We also estimate the total number of deaths averted as a result of the continual decline in cancer death rates since the early 1990s and quantify the black-white disparity in cancer mortality by state and age based on the actual num- ber of reported can

6、cer deaths in 2015.Materials and MethodsIncidence and Mortality DataMortality data from 1930 to 2015 were provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).1-3 Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia (DC) met data quality requirements for reporting to the national vital statistics

7、 system in 1930. Texas, Alaska, and Hawaii began reporting mortality data in 1933, 1959, and1VOLUME 00 _ NUMBER 00 _ MONTH2018Abstract: Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data o

8、n cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Pro- gram; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available thro

9、ugh 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cancer cases and 609,640 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2005-2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% a

10、nnually in men, while the cancer death rate (2006-2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, trans- lating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death

11、rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the cancer death rate was 14% higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio DRR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval 95% CI, 1.13-1.15), bu

12、t the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged 65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI,1.29-1.32) compared with those aged 65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) andvaried substantially by state. For example, the cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in Ne

13、w York for individuals aged 65 years, whereas for those aged 65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16-3.91) and about 50% higher inWisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56-2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81),Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38-1.

14、60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39-1.57), andCalifornia (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle-aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high-quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;000:000-000. VC 2018 American Cancer Society.Keywords: cancer

15、cases, cancer statistics, death rates, incidence, mortalityCancer Statistics, 2018Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex, United States, 2018*TABLE 1.*Rounded to the nearest 10; cases exclude basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinoma except urinary bladder. About 63,960 c

16、ases of carcinoma in situ of the female breast and 87,290 cases of melanoma in situ will be newly diagnosed in 2018.Deaths for colon and rectum cancers are combined because a large number of deaths from rectal cancer are misclassified as colon.More deaths than cases may reflect a lack of specificity

17、 in recording the underlying cause of death on death certificates and/or an undercount in the case estimate. Note: These are model-based estimates that should be interpreted with caution and not compared to those for previous years.2CA: A Cancer Journal for CliniciansESTIMATED NEW CASESESTIMATED DEA

18、THSBOTH SEXESMALEFEMALEBOTH SEXESMALEFEMALEAll sites1,735,350856,370878,980609,640323,630286,010Oral cavity & pharynx51,54037,16014,38010,0307,2802,750Tongue17,11012,4904,6202,5101,750760Mouth13,5807,9805,6002,6501,770880Pharynx17,59014,2503,3403,2302,480750Other oral cavity3,2602,4408201,6401,28036

19、0Digestive system319,160181,960137,200160,82094,23066,590Esophagus17,29013,4803,81015,85012,8503,000Stomach26,24016,5209,72010,8006,5104,290Small intestine10,4705,4305,0401,450810640Colon97,22049,69047,53050,63027,39023,240Rectum43,03025,92017,110Anus, anal canal,& anorectum8,5802,9605,6201,16048068

20、0Liver & intrahepatic bile duct42,22030,61011,61030,20020,5409,660Gallbladder & other biliary12,1905,4506,7403,7901,5302,260Pancreas55,44029,20026,24044,33023,02021,310Other digestive organs6,4802,7003,7802,6101,1001,510Respiratory system253,290136,400116,890158,77087,20071,570Larynx13,15010,4902,66

21、03,7102,970740Lung & bronchus234,030121,680112,350154,05083,55070,500Other respiratory organs6,1104,2301,8801,010680330Bones & joints3,4501,9401,5101,590930660Soft tissue (including heart)13,0407,3705,6705,1502,7702,380Skin (excluding basal & squamous)99,55060,35039,20013,4609,0704,390Melanoma91,270

22、55,15036,1209,3205,9903,330Other nonepithelial skin8,2805,2003,0804,1403,0801,060Breast268,6702,550266,12041,40048040,920Genital system286,390176,320110,07062,33030,21032,120Uterine cervix13,24013,2404,1704,170Uterine corpus63,23063,23011,35011,350Ovary22,24022,24014,07014,070Vulva6,1906,1901,2001,2

23、00Vagina & othergenital, female5,1705,1701,3301,330Prostate164,690164,69029,43029,430Testis9,3109,310400400Penis& other genital, male2,3202,320380380Urinary system150,350107,60042,75033,17023,11010,060Urinary bladder81,19062,38018,81017,24012,5204,720Kidney & renal pelvis65,34042,68022,66014,97010,0

24、104,960Ureter & otherurinary organs3,8202,5401,280960580380Eye & orbit3,5402,1301,410350190160Brain & other nervous system23,88013,72010,16016,8309,4907,340Endocrine system56,43014,35042,0803,0801,4901,590Thyroid53,99013,09040,9002,0609601,100Other endocrine2,4401,2601,1801,020530490Lymphoma83,18046

25、,57036,61020,96012,1308,830Hodgkin lymphoma8,5004,8403,6601,050620430Non-Hodgkin lymphoma74,68041,73032,95019,91011,5108,400Myeloma30,77016,40014,37012,7706,8305,940Leukemia60,30035,03025,27024,37014,27010,100Acute lymphocytic leukemia5,9603,2902,6701,470830640Chronic lymphocytic leukemia20,94012,99

26、07,9504,5102,7901,720Acute myeloid leukemia19,52010,3809,14010,6706,1804,490Chronic myeloid leukemia8,4304,9803,4501,090620470Other leukemia5,4503,3902,0606,6303,8502,780Other & unspecified primary sites31,81016,52015,29044,56023,95020,610CA CANCER J CLIN 2018;00:0000Estimated New Cases for Selected

27、 Cancers by State, 2018*TABLE 2.*Rounded to the nearest 10; excludes basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except urinary bladder.Estimate is fewer than 50 cases.Note: These are model-based estimates that should be interpreted with caution and not compared to those for pre

28、vious years. State estimates may not add to US total due to rounding and the exclusion of states with fewer than 50 cases.3VOLUME 00 _ NUMBER 00 _ MONTH2018ALLFEMALEUTERINE COLON & UTERINELUNG &MELANOMA NON-HODGKINURINARY STATECASESBREASTCERVIXRECTUMCORPUS LEUKEMIA BRONCHUSOF SKINLYMPHOMAPROSTATE BL

29、ADDERAlabama27,8303,7602202,2307708304,1901,3809902,4601,110Alaska3,550510270120110460130140360160Arizona34,7405,7002702,8401,2101,1504,4601,8801,4803,1801,810Arkansas16,1302,1601501,3704805102,7206706501,260720California178,13029,3601,54014,4006,6106,22018,7609,8308,19015,1907,800Colorado25,5703,63

30、01801,8508709102,5601,6401,1003,1901,180Connecticut21,2403,5401201,5208907602,7009709702,2201,210Delaware6,110780450210180890380250640290Dist. of Columbia3,2605202401207031012012042080Florida135,17019,8601,10011,6704,4504,77018,7107,9405,99013,6306,600Georgia56,9207,4904304,1201,6001,5907,1603,0401,

31、9705,3401,960Hawaii6,2801,15050650280200830490270510260Idaho8,4501,070506302903101,060590390900490Illinois66,3309,9605705,3402,8002,1709,2202,9802,8306,3003,190Indiana37,2505,6302903,1901,4001,2105,8401,9001,6003,4601,740Iowa17,6302,5601101,5107107002,4801,0508101,580880Kansas15,4002,2901101,2205305

32、902,0508506401,360660Kentucky25,9903,7202102,3708509605,1501,4401,0602,2101,200Louisiana25,0803,5702102,3106707403,6601,0001,0402,6001,000Maine8,6001,350506603803201,450470400710580Maryland33,8105,9402202,9501,2709104,2701,6901,2903,4701,500Massachusetts37,1306,4902102,6301,5901,1505,1402,0901,6504,

33、0602,040Michigan56,5908,7303704,5102,3301,8208,7802,8902,5905,4003,070Minnesota31,2704,5001402,2701,1201,2703,9801,4201,4202,9201,380Mississippi18,1302,2401501,5504305602,6905905601,370620Missouri35,5205,1602502,8901,2401,2405,7501,8001,4803,0001,640Montana6,0801,020520220230830440280810350Nebraska1

34、0,3201,560709003804101,310540460960490Nevada14,0602,1801301,1304105002,0907905801,190770New Hampshire8,0801,3605903602801,230460370840520New Jersey53,2608,5503804,1002,1801,9905,8702,8302,3705,4302,590New Mexico9,7301,470808003403601,090500410960390New York110,80017,8908709,0804,5804,41013,1904,9204

35、,8909,8805,440North Carolina55,1307,7604104,4401,9102,0508,4903,3102,2405,5802,530North Dakota4,110570350140150500220170380200Ohio68,47010,6104805,5502,7402,06010,7603,4002,8805,8103,350Oklahoma19,0302,8701701,6705907103,2108608601,670890Oregon21,5203,4001401,5108906503,1401,5701,0102,0401,130Pennsy

36、lvania80,96012,1405006,4403,3202,93010,4704,3203,4307,3604,240Rhode Island5,9201,010460260190880280270740360South Carolina30,4504,5402202,4109209604,6301,8201,1503,0801,310South Dakota5,100740440170190650270220510260Tennessee36,7605,5903103,1101,1301,3706,0301,9001,5402,7501,660Texas121,86018,2601,3

37、6010,0804,0004,58015,4604,4405,46012,6004,530Utah10,9501,720707804004809001,0105201,250440Vermont3,840600270160120560230170390250Virginia42,4207,5102903,3801,5701,2505,8602,6201,7604,2001,900Washington36,1705,5802402,7101,3901,3304,8102,6501,7703,7301,940West Virginia12,1101,700901,0304503902,060720

38、480820620Wisconsin33,3405,4201902,6501,4101,3504,4001,7401,4103,6601,710Wyoming2,780450210100100330200120330160United States1,735,350 266,120 13,240 140,250 63,23060,300234,03091,27074,680164,690 81,190Cancer Statistics, 2018TABLE 3. Probability (%) of Developing Invasive Cancer Within Selected Age

39、Intervals by Sex, United States, 2012 to 2014*For people free of cancer at beginning of age interval.All sites excludes basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ cancers except urinary bladder.Probabilities for non-Hispanic whites only.1960, respectively. The methods for abstraction and

40、age adjustment of mortality data are described elsewhere.3,4Population-based cancer incidence data in the United States have been collected by the National Cancer Institutes (NCIs) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Pro- gram since 1973 and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prev

41、entions (CDCs) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) since 1995. The SEER program is the only source for historic population-based incidence data. Long-term incidence and survival trends (1975-2014) were based on data from the 9 oldest SEER areas (Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Utah,

42、and the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco-Oakland, and Seattle-Puget Sound), representing approximately 9% of the US population.5 The lifetime proba- bility of developing cancer and contemporary stage distribution and survival statistics were based on data from all 18 SEER regist

43、ries (the SEER 9 registries plus Alaska Natives, Califor- nia, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, and New Jersey), covering 28% of the US population.6 The probability of developing can- cer was calculated using NCIs DevCan software (version 6.7.5).7 Some of the statistical information presented herein wa

44、s adapted from data previously published in the SEER Can- cer Statistics Review 1975-2014.8The North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) compiles and reports incidence data from 1995 onward for registries that participate in the SEER program and/or the NPCR. These data approac

45、h 100% coverage of the US population in the most recent time period and were the source for the projected newcancer cases in 2018 and cross-sectional incidence rates by state and race/ethnicity.9,10 Some of the incidence data pre- sented herein were previously published in volumes 1 and 2 of Cancer

46、in North America: 2010-2014.11,12All cancer cases were classified according to the Interna- tional Classification of Diseases for Oncology except childhood and adolescent cancers, which were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC).13,14 Causes of death wer

47、e classified according to the International Classification of Diseases.15 All incidence and death rates were age-standardized to the 2000 US stan- dard population and expressed per 100,000 population, as calculated by NCIs SEER*Stat software (version 8.3.4).16 The annual percent change in rates was

48、quantified using NCIs Joinpoint Regression Program (version ).17Whenever possible, cancer incidence rates presented in this report were adjusted for delays in reporting, which occur because of a lag in case capture or data corrections. Delay adjustment has the largest effect on the most recen

49、t years of data for cancers that are frequently diagnosed in outpatient settings (eg, melanoma, leukemia, and prostate cancer) and provides a more accurate portrayal of the cancer burden in the most recent time period.18 For example, the leukemia incidence rate for 2014 is 13% higher after adjust- i

50、ng for reporting delays.19Projected Cancer Cases and Deaths in 2018The most recent year for which reported incidence and mor- tality data are available lags 2 to 4 years behind the current4CA: A Cancer Journal for CliniciansBIRTH TO 4950 TO 5960 TO 6970BIRTH TO DEATHAll sitesMale3.4 (1 in 30)6.1 (1

51、in 16)13.4 (1 in 7)32.2 (1 in 3)39.7 (1 in 3)Female5.5 (1 in 18)6.1 (1 in 16)9.9 (1 in 10)26.0 (1 in 4)37.6 (1 in 3)BreastFemale1.9 (1 in 52)2.3 (1 in 43)3.4 (1 in 29)6.8 (1 in 15)12.4 (1 in 8)ColorectumMale0.3 (1 in 287)0.7 (1 in 145)1.2 (1 in 85)3.4 (1 in 29)4.5 (1 in 22)Female0.3 (1 in 306)0.5 (1

52、 in 194)0.8 (1 in 122)3.1 (1 in 32)4.2 (1 in 24)Kidney & renal pelvisMale0.2 (1 in 456)0.4 (1 in 284)0.6 (1 in 155)1.3 (1 in 74)2.1 (1 in 48)Female0.1 (1 in 706)0.2 (1 in 579)0.3 (1 in 320)0.7 (1 in 136)1.2 (1 in 83)LeukemiaMale0.2 (1 in 400)0.2 (1 in 573)0.4 (1 in 260)1.4 (1 in 71)1.8 (1 in 56)Fema

53、le0.2 (1 in 515)0.1 (1 in 887)0.2 (1 in 446)0.9 (1 in 111)1.3 (1 in 80)Lung & bronchusMale0.1 (1 in 682)0.7 (1 in 154)1.9 (1 in 54)6.1 (1 in 16)6.9 (1 in 15)Female0.2 (1 in 635)0.6 (1 in 178)1.4 (1 in 70)4.8 (1 in 21)5.9 (1 in 17)Melanoma of the skinMale0.5 (1 in 218)0.5 (1 in 191)0.9 (1 in 106)2.6

54、(1 in 38)3.6 (1 in 27)Female0.7 (1 in 152)0.4 (1 in 254)0.5 (1 in 202)1.1 (1 in 91)2.4 (1 in 42)Non-Hodgkin lymphomaMale0.3 (1 in 382)0.3 (1 in 349)0.6 (1 in 174)1.8 (1 in 54)2.4 (1 in 42)Female0.2 (1 in 545)0.2 (1 in 480)0.4 (1 in 248)1.3 (1 in 74)1.9 (1 in 54)ProstateMale0.2 (1 in 403)1.7 (1 in 58

55、)4.8 (1 in 21)8.2 (1 in 12)11.6 (1 in 9)ThyroidMale0.2 (1 in 517)0.1 (1 in 791)0.2 (1 in 606)0.2 (1 in 425)0.6 (1 in 160)Female0.8 (1 in 124)0.4 (1 in 271)0.3 (1 in 289)0.4 (1 in 256)1.8 (1 in 56)Uterine cervixFemale0.3 (1 in 368)0.1 (1 in 845)0.1 (1 in 942)0.2 (1 in 605)0.6 (1 in 162)Uterine corpusFemale0.3 (1 in 342)0.6 (1 in 166)1.0 (1 in 103)1.3 (1 in 75)2.8 (1 in 35)CA CANCER J CLIN 2018;00:0000FIGU