语法专题突破(一)主谓一致.ppt

1、“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 一般语法书在具体处理一致关系时皆要求遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。,一、谓语动词为单数的情况,A. Twenty years_ (is/are) only a short time in human history. B. Collecting stamps_(are/is)what he likes. C. Whatever was left_(were/was)take

2、n away. D. A pair of shoes _(is/are) left on the table. The kind of paper_ is/are made of straw.,1.表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。,2.主语从句(除what引导的)、动词不定式、动名词作主语时。,a kind of, a pair of, the number of等作主语时.,一、谓语动词为单数的情况,The United states are/is made up of 50 states. The Times is/are a newspaper fo

3、r the British government. G. Many a student has/have seen the film. H. More than one student have/has seen the film. I. Each doctor and (each) nurse werewas given a new shirt.,4. 以-S 结尾的单数名词，形复而意单，如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语时(news, physics, maths，politics)以及works(工厂)等。,5. many a /more than one / each /

4、every / either / neither做主语时,The steel works isare near the station.,二、谓语动词为复数的情况,A. The police are/is looking for the missing child. B. The rich are/is not always happy. C. The Whites is/are going to make a trip to London.,1. people , police, cattle 等形单而意复名词作主语。,3. the+adj. 表示一类人；the+姓的复数形式表一家人做主语时

5、。,2.一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods， stairs，arms等作主语。,The goods are/is made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。,4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。,The Himalayas are/is the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。,5.a number of/quantities of/a group of名词作主语。,A number of other plants were/was found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。,large quantiti

6、es of wate have /has been polluted,The worker and writer are/is from Wuhan. (比较：The worker and the writer is/are from Beijing. ) Bread and butter is/are a daily food in the West. Every desk and every chair are/is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has/have made the same mistake.,三、And连接的并列成分谓语为单数情况,由

7、and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念或成对的名词，如bread and butter，soda and water，coffee and milk，knife and fork等。,2. Everyand every/eachand each/ no and no , many a and many a连接两个单数 名词作主语。,四、谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, crowd, audience, public , group, government, majority等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。,Hi

8、s family isare a great one. His family isare music lovers.,2. “some/any/half / most / enough / part / the rest / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语, 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。,The rest of the students isare watering trees. The rest of the wine hashave gone bad.,3. 定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。One of+名词复数引导定语从句时，若one前有the

9、only, the very修饰时，定语从句中谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。,He is one of the few persons who hashave a good knowledge of Italian. He is the only one of the boys who hashave given a prize.,4. what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词有单复数两种形式：what代表单数概念时，谓语动词用单数，what 代表复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。,What we need isare more time. What he needs isare books.,5. al

10、l 做主语表示可数名词时，谓动用复数；若表示不可数名词或抽象概念时，谓动则用单数。,All isare here and all isare ready!,五. 就近一致原则,由or , either or, neithernor, notbut,not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。,Not only he but also I am is are invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes go with the dress.,但注意：“with / along with / together with / including /but /not / except / like/ as well as / no more than / rather than +名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。,The teacher with a number of stude