AmericanDialect美国方言

1、americans dialect,a brief introduction about american”s dialect,what is dialect,the dialect is a variant of the language, according to nature, dialect can be divided into regional dialects and social dialects, regional dialects is a variant form of the language because of the geographical difference

2、, is the branch on the different regions of the dialect of china language is language development is not balanced geographical reflect. social dialect form different social variants of the same territory members of society because the social differences in occupation, class, age, gender, and cultura

3、l upbringing,from sociolinguistic perspective view of the u.s. dialect,1 social dialects,2 regional dialects,social dialects,reasons characteristic black english,reasons,a. 人口的迁移 b.一般说来, 相对高收人和有教育背景的人所持语言基本相同 c.和中产阶级迁移不同, 下层百姓的搬迁一般不会使方言消失, 因为新的语言环境和旧的没什么不同,characteristic,语言随情景而变化, 每个说话人都掌握各种语言变体, 而根

4、据情景、话题和说话对象选择合适的方式。一般认为, 使用语言包括社会方言区别的语音特点。 一般认为社会地位较低的人群把后缀in g 发音为n , 而不是叻例如: r u n n in , 代替r u n n in g。但是所有的美国人,无论社会地位, 都在正式场合用们; 同样还有用t和f代替幻, 如wit和 wif发with ，对自己的语言没有把握的人经常挑剔他人的语言。一个突出的例子是代词i , m e 。大多数人通常说: it s me. 但教师们认为这个表达不对, 而要求学生说: it s i。在此人们对是用m e或是i 很敏感。对有人用john and me went home 反应强烈

5、,black english,黑人创造的英语不注意过去时态和主谓一致。 在现代黑人英语中常用he go 而不是he goes. 黑人英语的显著特点就是动词可以表示完成、 动作, 却不注意时态。,s h e is in the hospital.在黑人英语中是 s he in the hospital. (1 )she be in the hospital. (2 )she in the hospital. 在(l) 中, 没有动词be 表示她已经在医院里一段时间了。 (2 ) 中有be 表示她经常去医 院。又如she be silly she silly. 非标准英语的另一个语法特点是双否定现

6、象, 如: you cant have no more john never did know nothing 在标准英语中这两句话分别为: you cant have anymore john never did know anything,next,regional dialects,there are 8 major english dialect areas in north america, listed below the map at left. these are shown in blue, each with its number, on the map and in th

7、e dialect description chart below, and are also outlined with blue lines on the map. the first 6 of these begin at the eastern seaboard and proceed west, reflecting western settlement patterns. the many subdialects are shown in red on the map and in the chart, and are outlined with red lines on the

8、map. all of these are listed in the margins of the map as well. in the dialect description chartadditional features not shown on the map are provided for distinguishing the dialects.,general northern,this is sometimes also refered to as general american and is used in almost two-thirds of the countr

9、y. it breaks down into the dialect regions below:,northern new england dialect,许多美国北方方言均源于此，并随着西进运动深入到美国中西部。此方言因波士顿地区的传统政治经济地位，和哈弗大学的学术地位，而在美国广受尊崇。凯瑟琳 赫本是此口音的典型代表，这些人有时将炸面包圈称作“cymbals”, “simballs”, 和“boil cakes”。,eastern new england dialect,这是所有美国方言中最特殊的一个，r通常不发音，但以元音结尾的词儿，却总是加上一个r；a被发作ah音，结果就有了“pah

10、k the cah in hahvahd yahd”（把车停到哈弗）,boston city dialect,和美国许多大城市一样，波士顿方言的形成并非地理原因，而是社会不同等级结构和种族构成的产物。泛波士顿方言使用最广，并且听起来和新英格兰东部方言很像；还有一种被称为“新婆罗门”的本地方言，使用者主要是一些上层新贵族，就像电视连续剧gilligans island中的百万富翁mr. howell那样儿。,western dialects,southwestern dialect,there had already been as many as ten generations of span

11、ish speaking people living here, so the mexican dialect of spanish had an important influence on this area that became a melting pot for dialects from all over the usa. some local words are: caballero, cantina, frijoles, madre, mesa, nana, padre, patio, plaza, ramada, tortilla.,。,some american slang,low key 低调 ive been back and forth.我犹豫不定。 squeezed juice 鲜榨的果汁 juice with pulp 带果肉的果汁 side effect 副作用 he cant come to the phone now.他现在不能接电话 herbal tea 花草茶,ready for a refill? 我再给你倒一杯吧？ i love what you have done with this place.我喜欢这里的布置。 what was tonight? 今晚本来要做什么？ i cant feel my h