Human-anatomy-andphysiology-人体解剖与生理.ppt

1、Anatomyand Physiology by: MARNIE G. SARONO,(a),OBJECTIVES:,General Objective: Within 3 successive periods, the second year students will be able to gain knowledge about human anatomy and physiology as well as identify the body parts and its functions at 70% level of accuracy.,Specific Objectives:,Co

2、gnitive: The second year students will be able to: Differentiate anatomy and physiology of the human body List the different systems in the human body Describe the functions of the different systems of the body Illustrate the anatomy of each body system,Affective:,The second year students will be ab

3、le to: Share the importance of human anatomy and physiology Synthesize the connection of one body system to another,Psychomotor:,The second year students will be able to: Identify the specific body parts and its functions Make a diagram of each body system Locate the different organ systems using a

4、model,HUMAN ANATOMY,study of structure of body: the branch of science that studies the physical structure of a human body,PHYSIOLOGY,study of functioning of living things: the branch of biology that deals with the internal workings of living things, including functions such as metabolism, respiratio

5、n, and reproduction.,A. Integumentary System,Structures,Skin Epidermis Dermis Apocrine gland Subcutaneous tissue Arrector pili muscle Eccrine sweat gland Melanocytes Hair Nails,(Continued),Functions,Protect Fluid balance Absorption Synthesis of Vitamin D Sensation/communication with external environ

6、ment,Thermoregulation Immunity Excretion,What are the major functions of the integumentary system?,B. Respiratory System,Functions,Nasal cavity: warms, humidifies, and filters air Pharynx: passageway between nose and larynx, and mouth and esophagus Larynx: passageway; contains voice box,(Continued),

7、Functions,Trachea: airway between larynx and bronchi Bronchi: airways with primary, secondary, and tertiary branches Bronchioles: transitional airways; some gas exchange occurs here,(Continued),Functions,Alveolar ducts and sacs: functional units for gas exchange Pleura: serous protective lining of t

8、he lungs; reduces friction and helps maintain negative pressure,C. Cardiovascular System,Functions,Heart: four chambers (right and left atria and ventricles), double pump Atria (right and left): pump blood to the ventricles,(Continued),Functions,Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Veins: carry

9、 blood toward the heart Ventricles: right pumps blood to pulmonary circulation; left pumps blood to systemic circulation Valves: AV valves (the tricuspid and mitral), Semilunar valves (the pulmonic and aortic),(Continued),D. Gastrointestinal System,Function,What are the functions of Stomach: churns

10、food, intrinsic factor for B12, hydrochloric acid begins digestion Small intestines: primary site for digestion Large intestines: absorbs sodium and water,(Continued),Function,What are the functions of Liver: metabolism; produces bile, clotting factors; detoxifies drugs stores vitamins Pancreas: pro

11、duces insulin and glucagon, pancreatic enzymes,(Continued),Function,What are the functions of Gall bladder: stores and concentrates bile Spleen: stores RBCs, produces RBCs and macrophages,(Continued),Function,What are the functions of Bladder: stores urine Kidneys: remove wastes, help control B/P, p

12、roduces erythropoietin,E. FEMALE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM,Functions,What are the functions of Mons pubis: subcutaneous pad over symphysis pubis for protection Labia majora/minora: folds of adipose and connective tissue that protect and lubricate external genitalia,(Continued),Functions,What are the func

13、tions of Clitoris: erectile tissue for sexual stimulation Urinary meatus: opening to urethra Skenes glands: lubricate and protect,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Vaginal introitus: opening of the vagina Vagina: muscular tube for copulation, birth canal, and menses Bartholins glands:

14、secretes alkaline mucus that improves viability site for fertilized egg implantation; protects fetus,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Tubes: passage for ovum to uterus, site of fertilization Ovaries: produce ova, estrogen, and progesterone Kidneys: filter and excrete wastes,(Continued

15、),Functions,What are the functions of Ureter: connects kidneys to bladder Bladder: hollow muscular structure; holds urine Urethra: connects bladder to urinary meatus opening,F. MALE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM,Functions,What are the functions of Scrotum: sac that contains testes Testes: produces sperm and

16、testosterone Vas deferens: duct from epididymis to ejaculatory duct,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Spermatic cord: protective sheath around the vas deferens Seminal vesicles: produce 70% of semen Bulbourethral gland: secretes alkaline substance to neutralize vaginal secretions,(Cont

17、inued),Functions,What are the functions of Prostate: produces 20% of semen Epididymis: stores sperm until it is mature Kidney: filters blood and removes wastes,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Ureter: tube connecting kidney to bladder Bladder: hollow, muscular structure, holds urine U

18、rethra: passageway for urine,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Penis: male sex organ and urine elimination Glans penis: important for sexual arousal,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Inguinal area: canal for vas deferens from scrotum through the abdominal muscles, inguina

19、l lymph nodes,REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM,URINARY SYSTEM,G. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM,Functions,What are the functions of Bones (206): structure; protection; act as levers; produce blood cells; store calcium Muscles (650): allow for movement and position; produce heat,(Continued),Functions,What are the functio

20、ns of Joints: point of articulation of two bones; provide ROM Tendons: connect muscle to bone Ligament: connects bone to bone,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Cartilage: supports and shapes; acts as a shock absorber Bursae: sacs filled with synovial fluid; cushion and reduce friction

21、between joints,Types of Joints,Pivot Condyloid Ball and socket,Hinge Plane/gliding Saddle,G. NERVOUS SYSTEM,Structures,Cerebrum Frontal lobe Limbic system Occipital lobe Thalamus Cerebellum Midbrain Meninges,Cortex Temporal lobe Parietal lobe RAS Hypothalamus Brainstem Medulla Ventricles,Functions,W

22、hat are the functions of Cerebrum: largest part of brain Cortex: outer layer of cerebrum; controls most conscious processes Frontal lobe: emotional expression, Brocas area (expressive language),(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Temporal lobe: hearing, taste, smell, memory, Wernickes (language comprehension) Limbic system: emotions, sexual arousal, behavioral expression, recent memory,(Continued),Functions,What are the functions of Parietal: sensory input Occipital lobe: vision and spatial relationships RAS: wakefulness,(Continued),Fun