初中_被动语态_ppt.ppt

1、Passive Voice被动语态,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 1. 主动句：主语（施动者）+谓动+宾语（受动者） 被动句：主语（受动者）+be 谓动过分+ by+施动者 2. 被动语态的谓语： be动词+ p.p.(过分词） e.g.The school was built last year.学校是去年修的 3. 主动句和被动句的转换方法： 1）.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; 2）.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”; 3）.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。 e.g. They cleaned the room. 主动句 The room was cleaned b

2、y them. 被动句 * 若施动者不重要，by+施动者口语中常省略。 3. 被动语态有各种时态：,基本形式：be+ done (以do为例） 1. 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2.一般过去时：was/were + done 3. 一般将来时：(shall/will/be going to) be+ done 4.现在完成时： have/has been + done 5. 情态动词： can等 + be + done e.g. The room is often cleaned .房间要经常打扫。 The books were stolen yesterday. 书昨天被偷

3、了。 You will be punished by math teacher tomorrow. 你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。 My homework have been finished. 我的作业已经做完了 Your clothes should be washed. 你的衣服该洗了。 （以上句子中都省略了by+ 施动者） *可见，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词始终不变。,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,(shall/will/be going

4、 to) be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,情态动词的被动语态,情态动词+ be + done must be done/mustnt be done should be done/ shouldnt be done can be done/ cant be done may be done/ might be done,Oral practice-主动句改被动句,Oral practice-1. Change each sentence into passive voice: A car knocked him do

5、wn yesterday. These two kids plant trees every year 3)We should protect the earth 4)Well put on the play next Sunday,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,Trees are planted by these two kids every year.,The earth should be protected by us.,The play will be put on next Sunday.,补充作业： 一. 翻译（用被动语态译，注意时

6、态）： 1. 我的红钢笔被他偷了。2. 他的钱已经被用完了。 3. 这辆自行车经常修。 4. 这个房间能使用。 5.这个房子将被卖掉。 二. 把下列句子变为被动句。 1. I watered the flowers. 2. She bought a jacket. 3. He often washes his clothes. 4. Im gong to visit my mother. 5. They can play basketball. 6. We should take care of the old people 三. 把下列句子变为疑问句并回答，再变为否定句. 这种变化与以前学的

7、一样：有be变be动词，有其他助动词则变助动词，有情态动词则变情态动词 1. The bag was taken by him. 2. The food should be eaten. 3. My work has been done.,一.1. My pen was stolen by him. 2. His money has been run out. 3. The bike is often repaired. 4. The room can be used. 5. The house will be sold. 二. 1. The flowers were watered by m

8、e. 2. A jacket was bought by her. 3. His clothes are often washed by him. 4. My mother is gong to be visited by me. 5. Basketball can be played by him. 三. 1.Was the bag taken by him ? Yes, it is/ No, it isnt. The bag wasnt taken by him. 2. Should the food be eaten ? Yes, it should/ No, it shouldnt 3

9、. Has the work been done ? Yes, it has./ No, it hasnt.,一.生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示。像“Basketball was played by him ”虽然语法是对的，但意思很别扭。所以生活中用主动句用的还是多一些。 什么时候用被动句呢？ * 一般是没必要说出施动者，或不知道施动者是谁，或为了强调受动者，才采用被动语态。 如. 他的钱包被偷了； 我的作业完成了；水卖完了，杭州出产茶叶；英语在全世界广泛使用等 。 e.g. Tea is produced in Hangzhou. English is spoken widely

10、in the world. 二. 注意：汉语中这些字也常表示“被动：为，给， 叫，让，遭等，但它们多数时候作动词，所以要仔细分析，根据主语和谓语动的关系来判断是主动还是被动。 e.g. 他给我一本书(give). 你的记性给狗吃了( was eaten) 你叫他吃饭（ask). 你的书包叫他拿了（was taken) 他为你买单。(for you). 他为情所困（ is troubled） 你让她进来（let). 你让他骗了。（was fooled) 他遭遇车祸了（happen) . 他遭他爸打了（ was hit) 三. 汉语是主动句，但为了强调，也可以翻译成被动句。 e.g. 我捡的这个钱

11、包。The wallet was picked by me.,常用的被动语态短语： 1. be made of : 由.制作成的 The desk is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。( 成品看得见原材料） 2. be made from：由.制作成的 Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的. (成品看不见原材料） 3. be made in ：The clothes are made in China. 衣服是中国造的 4. be used to do = be used for doing 被用来做. 如 Steel is used to buil

12、d house.=Steel is used for building house. 5. be used by.被某人使用 . The room is used by him. 6. be used as. 被作为.来使用。The jacket is used as a quilt. 7. be known for=be famous for. 以.而出名/ 而众所周知 8. It is said that. 据说. 8. It is reported that.据报道. 注意：be used to doing 某人习惯于做.( 主语和后的动词是主动关系 be used to do 主语被用

13、来做.（主语和use 是被动关系）,被动语态的特殊用法： 1.感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel, listen to, look at和使役动词make, let, have等作宾语补语的都是原型；但改成被动语态后必须带to。 e.g. make sb. do(原型） sth. 使某人做某事 see sb. do(原型） sth. 看见某人做某事 1). I heard him sing just now. -He was heard to sing just now by me. 2). we make them go home. -They are made t

14、o go home by us. 作业：变成被动语态 1. I often see you wash your clothes. 2. He found somebody cry next to the room. 3. The teacher let them dance. 4. I made the little boy sleep.,二. require和need等用ing形式表被动。 e.g. The room needs cleaning Your face requires washing. 也可以用不定式的被动形式。 The room needs to be cleaned. Y

15、our face requires to be washed.,以下动词是没有被动语态的。 1. 系动词表状态，没有被动语态：be, become变成，成为, turn变得,get变得,sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来等。 e.g. The clothes feel well. The music sound boring. The room gets dirty. 2. 表状态的动词没有被动语态keep, stay, 等 e.g. The classroom should keep quiet. 3. 不及物动词没有被动语态。 happen发生，take

16、 place发生，appear出现， begin开始 ， last 持续，end 结束. open, close 等 e.g. The meeting has begun. Something happened yesterday. The shop will open at seven oclock.,Quiz 1,Quiz 1 1. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt 2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounde

17、d D. sounds,C,D,Quiz 2,Quiz 2 The shop _ at 6 am. every day A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is opening Work _ at 7 pm. today A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended,A,B,The pen _ smoothly A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is written This coat _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. wash

18、es D. is washed,Quiz 3,B,C,Your jacket needs _(wash) The house requires _ (repair),Quiz 4,washing,repairing,The fish is not fit _(eat) We find English difficult _ (learn),Quiz 5,to eat,to learn,I have much homework _ (do) Ill give the boy some books _(read),Quiz 6,to do,to read,Correcting mistake,2.

19、Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any: 1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball 2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university 3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,4)A fire was broken out last night 5)He had to travel by bus as his ca

20、r was damaged in an accident a few days before 6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,had been damaged,is now being built,broke out,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day 8)His plan is sounded good 9)Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to be washed / washing,1.An exhibition of

21、paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill hold,Multiple choice,B,2. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired,A,3Every possible means _, but none _ successful A. has

22、tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved,C,4The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer Cto be answered D. answering,B,5In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kept,A,6He received a telegram _: “

23、Mother ill” Awritten B. reading C. said D. writing,B,7. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to him brought it took it had it sent carried it,C,8Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to make,A,9The teacher couldnt make him _ attention to because the students were s

24、o noisy. pay paid to pay to be paid,B,10.-When will the lecture begin? -When the students _ Ahave sat Bsat down Cwill sit Dare seated,D,基本形式：be+ done (以do为例） 1. 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2.一般过去时：was/were + done 3. 一般将来时：(shall/will/be going to) be+ done 4.现在完成时： have/has been + done 5. 情态动词： can等 + be

25、+ done,e.g. The room is often cleaned .房间要经常打扫。 The books were stolen yesterday. 书昨天被偷了。 You will be punished by math teacher tomorrow. 你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。 My homework have been finished. 我的作业已经做完了 Your clothes should be washed. 你的衣服该了。 （以上句子中都省略了by+ 施动者） *可见，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词始终不变。,主动语态变为被动语态： 1. 不

26、能改变时态:主动句是什么时态，被动句就是什么时态；主动句有情态动词，被动句就该有情态动词 e.g. I asked you-You were asked I ask you- You are asked I ask him-He is asked I will ask you-You will be asked I can ask you-You can be asked 2. 不能改变句型：主动句是一般疑问句，被动句就是一般疑问句，主动句是否定句，被动句就是否定句，主动句是特殊疑问句，被动句就是特殊疑问句,He doesnt wash the clothes. - The clothes a

27、rent washed by him. I didnt give the book to you. - The book wasnt given to you by me. I shouldnt call you. - You shouldnt be called by me. Do you finish your homework ? - Is your homework finished by you ? Will he watch the movie ? - Will the movie be watched by him ? When did you eat lunch ? When

28、was lunch eaten?,感官动词的用法和使役动词一样：变为被动语态时，感官动词和使役动词后面的动词原形和ing形式前，都要加上to. 1. 眼睛看到的：see, watch, notice, find, look at. 2.耳朵听到的：hear, listen to 3.鼻子闻到的：smell 4.皮肤感到的：feel. e.g. I saw him playing basketball. 被动句: . 2. He doesnt finds the girls sing every day. 被动: every day,He,was,seen,to,play,by,me,The g

29、irls,arent,found,to,sing,by,him,关键题： 变为被动语态 The teacher didnt make the boy stand outside. 被动语态： The boy outside by the teacher. 仔细观察：1.原句是否定句，再看谓语动词是使役动词make，想想它的用法再做题。2. 只变被动语态，所以过去式的时态和否定句的句式是不能变的。3. 想想not该放在什么词后，原句中是实意动词make才加的助动词did+ not, 而变为被动语态后呢？还有did吗？错，因为变为被动语态后有了be动词了，而且要不能改变过去时的时态。,wasnt,

30、made,to,stand,练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。 1. I often see you wash your clothes. 2. He found somebody cry next to the room. 3. The teacher let them dance. 4. I made the little boy sleep. 5. We didnt notice your friends go away. 6.They pick up apples in the country. 7.He doesnt hear you play the piano. 8. Do you

31、 do you homework on Sunday? 9. We should take care of the old people. 10.Can you clean your room ?,11. Where will you visit your mother ? 12. How did he make the toy car ?,Answers : 1. You often are seen to wash your clothes by me . 2.Somebody was found to cry next to the room by him . 3.They were let to dance by the teacher. 4. The little boy was made to sleep by me. 5. Your friends werent not