必修三Unit3语法宾语从句与表语从句

1、Grammar,Noun clauses as the object and predicative,宾语从句和表语从句,Related Conception (相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,1.Henry is a businessman.,主语,表语,2. Henry, a businessman , received a million pound bank note.,主语,同位语,宾语,His job is important.,What he does is importa

2、nt.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,主语,表语,主语从句,表语从句,什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses),I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,宾语,同位语,宾语从句,同位语从句,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在由_来充当,这个句子就

3、叫名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses),一个句子,名词,名词性从句(1),宾语从句,一、宾语从句共性问题 1，2,They know that the habit will kill them. He asked how much I paid for the violin. Ill tell you why I asked yo

4、u to come. It all depends on whether they will support us. I dont care who marries him. 观察： 1. 宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？ 2. 连接词的分类和作用？,宾语从句 （The Object Clause）,宾语从句在复合句中起_作用，可以作 的宾语，也可以作 的宾语。宾语从句必须用_语序。 引导宾语从句的连词有that，if， whether； 连接代词有who, whom,which,whose等； 连接副词有when，where，how， why等。,宾语,陈述,动词,介词,连接词,一that宾语从句

5、1.Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in London. 2 Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you,sir. 3. I dont think (that) its very funny. 4.My uncle said （that） he would come and that he would also bring his son. 5.We all agree (that) it would be convenient to go there by bus.,1.归纳总结： t

6、hat 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。,由连接代词who/whom, whose, what, which引导的宾语从句： She did not know what had happened. He asked whose purse it was. Do you know who/ whom Henry is speaking to? Q: 这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?,主语,定语,宾语,由连接副词when, where, how, why

7、等 引导的宾语从句： Please tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. He wanted to know where I had spent my holiday. Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy? Do you know why he was late? Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?,状语,归纳总结： 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。,当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. e.g.

8、: I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g.: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. e.g.: I havent decided whether to go there.,whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下情况不用if。,宾语从句(whether & if),意为“是否”,特殊：,The teacher had made it clear that whoever breaks the r

9、ule would be punished.,老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚。,find / feel/ consider/ make/think + it +adj. +that宾从,形式宾语,宾补,真正宾语,时态,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ . b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,1. 如果主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,what you were doing at this time yesterday,

10、一、宾语从句(时态),他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.,he was preparing for the examination,light travels in a straight line,2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序是陈述语序， 即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。,Do exercises .,I didnt know .,你们当时在聊什么？ 这本书是谁的？

11、她明天是否要来？ 她住哪里？,I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?,Exploration,但是从句为Whats the matter？ Whats wrong？Whats happening？ who,what作主语时， 从句是感叹句，从句的语序不变.,1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011) A. what B. how C. that D. why,What +n.+ 主+谓,n

12、.,a / an + adj.+n adj.+ U adj.+ pl.（复数）,否定的转移:动词 think, consider, suppose猜想, believe, expect, guess, imagine等词，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。,I dont suppose he cares, ? He doesnt think we will come, ?,does he,does he,此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关,1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。 2他命令关闭所有的大门。 3.我建议他应该更努力学习。 4.老师要求我们和

13、睦相处。,She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.,He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.,I suggested that he (should) study harder.,The teacher requests that .,we (should) get along well with each other.,3.总结归纳： 在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。 1.坚持：

14、insist 2.命令：order, command 3.建议：suggest, propose, advise 4.要求：desire, demand, require, request,老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。 The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.,She asked Tom_was the matter with his car. 2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy? 3.This depends o

15、n _the money we have is enough. 4. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?,what,where,whether,how,牛刀小试：,2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷) A. that B. which C. what D. where,3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.

16、(山东2010) A. why B. what C. how D. which,4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南2010) A. where B. whether C. that D. why,5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川201

17、0) A. what B. who C. how D. why,表语从句,思考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么词后面？引导词有哪些？ 基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同。连系动词seem, look之后还可用,1)The question is whether we can rely on him. 2)Thats because we were in need of money at that time. 3)He looked as if he was going to cry. 4)Thats why I was late. 4) The trouble is that I lost his

18、address.,二、表语从句,as though (as if ) 。,连接词,when / where / why / how / because,that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句),连接代词,who / whom / whose / which / what,连接副词,由关系副词引导的表语从句。 关系副词 when, where, how, why 除在句子起 作用外，在从句中还充当 ， ， 或 状语，本身具有词义。,连接,时间,地点,方式,原因,例如： Go and get your coat. Its you left it.

19、,where,去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。,I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through.,我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。,-You see, Im poor in maths, you are not good at English, and -Thats we should help each other. A. when B. where C. how D. what,表语从句注意点,1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序. 语序:Thats why I was late. 2).

20、引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略. e.g.: The trouble is that I have lost her address. 3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导. e.g.: The question is whether we can rely on him.,表语从句注意点,4). 当主语是reason时,表语从句用that, 不用because. 要用 The reason is that The reason for sth is that The reason (why + 句子)is that 或 This / it /that/ is beca

21、use等句型. e.g. The reason for his absence was that he was ill.,例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 1)The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 2)The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 3)He was late this morning

22、. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 谓语,建议：suggest, advice, propose, 要求：demand, request, require, ask 命令：order, command 坚持：insist e.g.: I suggest that you (should) be there on time.,虚拟语气在 在表语从句中主语,建议：suggestion / advice 要求：requirement / demand 命令：order, command e.g

23、.: Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.,试区分以下句子,Is this museum what you visited?,Is this the museum that you visited?,Is this museum the one that you visited?,(表从),(定从),(定从),回顾与练习,b. 表语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时,一.if和whether的选用,宾语与表语从句中不能使用if 的情况:,1.

24、I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I dont know _ or not he is well. 4. The question is _ he should do it. 5. I havent decided _ to go there.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,Exercise 1 if / whether,He said the text was very important and we should learn

25、it by heart. 2. My worry is that he can get there on time. 3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard. 4. What we need are time. 5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.,is,that,whether,that,whichever,Exercises,改错,用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。,1. 老师说月亮绕着地球转。 The teacher said (th

26、at) the moon goes around the earth. 2. 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。 They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.,3. 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。 I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time. 4. 问题是这本书是否有读的价值。 The question is whether the book is worth reading.,5. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。

27、I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning. 6. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone.,7. 那是因为他没有理解我。 Thats because he didnt understand me. = The reason is that he did not understand me. 8. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow morning.,1. He told

28、me _ he would go to college the next year. 2. I dont know _ there will be a bus. 3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.,用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。,that / 不填,if / whether,whom / who,4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time. 5. Let me kn

29、ow _ train youll be arriving on. 6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip? 7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.,when,which,how,that,8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day. 9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass t

30、he exam. 10. This is _ we found the strange trees. 11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.,that,why,where / how,that,12. It looked _ he had understood this question. 13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me. 14. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrive

31、d or not. 15. We all find it important _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.,that,as if,that,whether,The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. (04) The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (04),why,what,关联词的选择,that,4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04) 5. The shopkeeper did