chapter 5 prefix 前缀.ppt

1、,Derivational affixes or derivational morphemes They can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.,(1) Prefixes are affixes before the root. e.g.， unjust, rewrite. As a rule, most prefixes modify the meaning of roots, but not their parts of speech. (2) Suffixes are affixes after the root By the

2、 addition of the suffix, the word is usually changed from one part of speech into another, e.g. liberation, modernize.,4.1 Affixation: the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems, also known as derivation 4.1.1 Prefixation: the formation of new words by adding pref

3、ixes to stems without changing the word class but only modifying its meaning Negative prefixes: a-, dis-, in-, il-, ir, im-, non, un- Reversative prefixes: de-, dis-, un- Pejorative prefixes: mal-, mis-, pseudo-,4. Prefixes of degree or size: arch-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-, mini-, out-, over-

4、, sub-, sur-, ultra-, under- 5. Prefixes of orientation and attitude: anti-, contra-, counter-, pro- 6. Locative prefixes: extra-, fore-, inter-, intra-, tele-, trans-, 7. Prefixes of time and order: ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re- 8. Number prefix: bi-, multi-(poly-), semi-(hemi-), tri-, uni-(mono-) 9

5、. Miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neu-, pan-, vice-,Negative prefixes,Negative prefix Negative prefix does not have negative meaning,The prefix with meaning: before, the front part of, front, former,pre-P249 is a very productive prefix in Modern English. A few examples are given below. Prefix, precon

6、ference prewar, preliberation, prehistory, preelection, predict, preface, precondition, preliminary,Ante -P250 it is a more learned prefix used in borrowed words. Anteroom, antecede antecedent antecessor,Fore P244 means before, it combines fairly freely with verbs and noun. Foresee, foretell, forewa

7、rn, forenoon, forehead, foretaste,pro - prologue prophet progress, propel, prolong ex- exmeans former. It combines freely with human noun. (usually hyphenated) Ex- husband, ex- minister, ex- president,2. the prefix means “ after”. (sometimes hyphenated),Post - postwar, postliberation, post-election

8、postmeridian, postscript postpone, postgraduate, postdoctoral （being beyond the doctoral level, whose profession work beyond a doctors degree）,3. the prefix means “below”, “reversing the action”, “depriving of”, or “next to the rank ”,sub - subconscious, subnormal, subcenter submarine, subtropical,

9、subway, subtitle, Suburb suburban,de - decrease, depress, devalue , declass, Detrain get off the train, deplane, defrost, deforestation.,under undergraduate, underestimate, undereducated, underdeveloped,vice- (usually hyphenated) vice-president, vice-chairman,4. prefix means “again”, “back”.,Re - re

10、view, rewrite, replace, rewind, Reinforce reconstruct . redesign, renew, return , resume reduce, recall, recede, refresh,Retro- retrograde retrospect -( prospect and retrospect ) Retrogress,5. prefix means :together, with, wholly,cocom- concor-col coexist, co-author, cooperation, co-education, cohab

11、it combine, compose, concentrated, common, companion, company, computer. College compile， collaborate collect,6. prefix means “against”, “ opposite”,anti- anti-Japanese war, antisocial, antibiotic, anti-war, anticlockwise contra- contradict, contrast, contradiction,counter counterclaim counterattack

12、, counterrevolution, counterclockwise,7.prefix means “ beyond, surpassing, excessive, more than, above, out, exceptionally ),over,- overtake, oversleep, overeat, overestimate, overwork, overconfident, overjoyed, overbridge, overburden, overcoat, overcharge, overproduce,super-more than, very special

13、) supermarket, superman, supernatural, superstar, superpower, supervisor,out - outlive outgrow outlet, outcome, output, outside,ex- exit, excess, export, except, exclude,extra extraordinary, extra-curriculum, extra-solar,ultra- ultraviolet, ultramodern,Other prefix,inter-means “between , among” inte

14、rnational, interview, Interact interchangeable,macro - macroclimate, macro-world, macroeconomy,micro- microscope, microelement, micro-wave oven, micro-economy, microcomputer,auto - autobiography, automatic , automobile auto-boat (汽船),mal - malnutrition, maltreat, malicious,tele- telegram, telephone,

15、 telescope, television,semi- hemi- semicircle, hemisphere, semiconductor, Semifinal semi-naked,uni-mono- unity, uniform, monocycle, monotonous, monosyllable, monologue,bi di- dioxide , biyearly , bilateral, bilinguist,tri- triangle, trio tricycle multi- multimedia multipurpose , multicolored, poly-

16、polygon polyfunctional polysyllable deci- dece- decade decameter cent - centimeter, centipede, century, centigrade, centigrade kilo - kilometer, kilowatt, kilogram,arch -means “supreme, most ) 首领 archbishop monarchy homo- homosexual, homograph, homotype neo- new , revived neologism, neocolonialism se- (分离) separate, secede, select para- parachute parasol pan -panacea panorama pant