2013年中高考英语语法PPT

1、,形容词和副词,考点一 形容词的用法及位置考点二 副词的用法及位置 考点三 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级,什么叫形容词?,形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。e.g. long, alone，empty, cheap, hungry, etc.,形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,形容词的词形,1.-y. 所有表示天气的状况的形容词。 如:windy,rainy,sunny,cloudy,2.-ful. 如:helphelpful carecareful wonderwonderful useuseful,3.-ed.如 exciteexcited worryworr

2、ied surprisesurprised interestinterested,4.-ing.如 interestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising,wool-woolen wood-wooden,5、+ en,6、+ern(东西南北),east-eastern south-southern,friendly, daily, lively, lonely, lovely,7.由“名词+ly”构成,一、形容词的种类、作用和位置,形容词用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征。通常将形容词分成性质形容词和表语形容词两类。,1、性质形容词： 用

3、以直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的形容词，它们有等级变化，也可以用程度副词来修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。 1.The sweater is very beautiful. 2.I have a busy day. 3.We keep our classroom clean.,2.表语形容词 是指只用于连系动词之后做表语，而不能用在名词前做定语的形容词。这类形容词大多 以a开头，没有比较等级的变化，也不可用 程度副词来修饰。 如：afraid（害怕的）,alone（单独的）, alive（活着的）,asleep（睡着的）, awake(醒着的）,well（健

4、康的）,await （等待）worth（值得的）,unable（不能的）, ill（病了的）等。 误：an alive poet 正：a living poet 或A poet who is alive,例句： 1.The baby is asleep. 2.The girl is afraid of snakes. 3.He feels well today.,注意：表语形容词不能用very来修饰， 如不能说very asleep,very alone,但可以说： fast asleep,quite alone。,1.常用在名词之前或用在不定代词之后作定语 2.用在连系动词之后作表语 3.用

5、在动词加宾语之后作宾语补足语 如： 1.What an interesting idea! 2.Beijing is a modern city. 3.I have five good friends.,形容词的位置,当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every- 构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些 不定代词的之后. e.g. I have something important to tell you .,作定语时要注意：,adj常跟在这些连系动词之后作表语：be feel seem look sound taste smell turn go become grow,只作表语不能

6、作定语的词有：alone afraid awake asleep alive able ill He sent his _(生病的)mother to hospital yesterday. Now his mother gets _ A good B heath C well D nice,作表语时：,sick,c,某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语有的已构成固定词组。,作宾语补足语,I found my bike _ yours A different

7、 from B differently from C different with D differently with,小试牛刀,做宾补时可用到的形容词,可用到的形容词有:happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious，excited，relaxed，stressed out，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick ,二、副词的种类、作用和位置,什么是副词？,含义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或 名词词组及句子的词，来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方

8、式等情况。 e.g.,early, out,very, soon, quickly, 等等.,副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种： 1、时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, early, today, already, soon, ago, yesterday等. 2、地点副词：here, there, everywhere, out, in, home, upstairs, above, below, inside等. 3、方式副词：carefully, politely, fast, well, extremely, anxiously等.,副词的种类

9、,4、程度副词：much, little, very, rather, too, rather, almost, so等. 5、疑问副词：how, where, when, why（放在特殊疑问句前） 6、关系副词：when, where, why（通常引导宾语从句） 7、连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether（通常引导定语从句）,副词的种类,副词在句中所充当的成分,副词的位置,修饰动词时，多数位于动词之后，及物动词的并与之后。如：He speaks English well.,修饰形容词或副词时，放在被修饰词之前。 如：You have a very nice

10、 watch.,频度副词常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、Be动词、助动词之后。 如：He always talks big and never behave himself .So he cant entirely win her trust,修饰表语时，放在系动词（is/am/are）之后。如：She is out at the moment.,修饰宾语补足语时，放在宾语之后。如：Victory has wings，so you cant have it all.,enough修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词和副词之后。 如：You are old enough to go to school.

11、,修饰全句时，放在句首。如： Perhaps/Maybe he is watching TV at home,频度副词,频度副词，如always,often,sometimes, usually,seldom等通常放在行为动词之前,be动词之后。句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。 1.He usually has lunch in the factory. 2.The boy is often late for school.,注意： 3、频度副词的比例表： always100%, usually80%, often70%60%, sometimes, at times30%40

12、%, seldom, hardly ever5%, never0%,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,时间副词和地点副词,通常置于句尾,如果同时出现,则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面,也可把时间副词放在句首。 1.They went swimming in the river yesterday. =Yesterday they went swimming in the river.,方式副词,方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在动词后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。 1.My father works hard. 2.Tom speaks Eng

13、lish very well. 3.Mike wrote carefully some letters to his parents.,程度副词,程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。 1.I am really sorry to hear that. 2.The weather here is quite different from that in Nanjing . 3.The gilrs works very hard.,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化,不规则变化,规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 1) 一般情况加 er 或 est fast

14、faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest 2) 以字母 e 结尾加 r 或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest,3) 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写加 er 或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 er 或 est early earlier earliest easy easier eas

15、iest lucky luckier luckiest,规则变化 部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加 more 或 most slowly - more slowly - most slowly easily - more easily - most easily carefully - more carefully - most carefully,不规则变化 1. good/well better best 2.many/much more most 3.little less least 4.far farther farthest ( far further furthest ) 5. b

16、ad/badly/ill worse worst,不规则变化,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,farther/further,farthest/furthest,older/elder,oldest/eldest,巧记： 特殊形式比较级 共有三对二合一 坏病两多并两好 little意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远,但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：excellent, wonderful, favorite等。,比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：a little, much, a lot, still, ev

17、en, some, any, far等。例如： 1）My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 我的衬衫比你的便宜。 2）Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is even more difficult. 第3课很难，但是第5课更难。,注意：1.在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用one,that, those来代替前面的词。例如： The story Mr Li told us is more interesting than one Mr Wang told us. The wea

18、ther in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong. The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs. 2.形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词 最高级前可省略. He did (the) best in the exam. Got （the）first,形容词和副词 比较级和最高级的用法,一、同级比较,(1).so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 =such+名词that丛句,He is so big that he cant enter the room bythe door . = He is such a big boy that .,(2).as+形容词原形+as.表示和.一样,Tom is as tall as Mike.,There are as in our class as yours.,many students,(3).否定 not as+形容词原形+as 或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及不如 ” “和 不一样”,Tom is not as tall as Mike.,=Tom is not so tal