非谓语动词10.ppt

1、,非谓语动词的用法,非谓语动词 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。即在句中不能充当谓语，可充当其他成分。,非谓语动词,动词不定式,动名词,分词,过去分词,现在分词,动词的-ing形式,不定式 不定式的构成 to do 不定式的否定式 not to do 不定式的用法,作主语(表示具体的一次性动作) To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. It is very kind of you to help us. To be invited to the party would be exciting. 注意：不定式作主语时，常用it作形

2、式主语。,作表语(说明主语的内容) Her wish is to become a doctor. Our plan is to finish the task in two weeks. 作宾语 常见的动词有：decide, plan, agree, offer, manage, refuse, hope, expect, pretend I want to borrow your book. I find it very interesting to learn English. 注意：不定式作宾语，有时用it作形式宾语。,作宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work

3、 with him. I often hear him sing the song. 常见的动词有：advise, ask, tell, help, want, forbid, persuade, warn 在感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, obverse以及使役动词make, let, have后的宾补省略to,作定语 I have many books to buy.(不定式表将来) He has no room to live in. Our teacher praised the first student to come and the last one

4、to leave. I have no chance to go sightseeing. Do you have the ability to read and write in English.,作状语(表目的in order to/so as to, 出乎意料的结果only to do,原因,条件) To arrive there on time, I have to get up early. She went abroad never to return. Im glad to see you. To look at her, you would like her.,Have you

5、 got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?,不定式的时态 一般时态 to do （不定式动作发生在主句动作之后或几乎同时发生） He planed to go on holiday. 进行时态 to be doing (不定式动作正在进行与主句动作同时发生) The student pretended to be reading when his teacher came in the classroom., 完成时态 to have done (不定式动作发生在主句动作之前) The book is said to hav

6、e been translated into several foreign languages.,2. 动名词(动词+ing) 作主语(表示抽象的经常性行为) Fishing is his favorite hobby. -What made you all discouraged? -Losing the football match. 作表语 Her job is teaching. 作宾语(It is no good/no use doing.) 常见的动词有：avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, include, suggest, keep, need, m

7、ind,Would you mind my/ me opening the window? 注意：动名词的逻辑主语（形容词物主代词或名词所有格），该结构常在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时也可用人称代词的宾格 His coming made me very angry. 作定语 (放在所修饰词之前，表示功能和用途) He has a reading room.,3. 分词(现在分词和过去分词) 作定语 The man standing by the window is our teacher. The excited people rushed into the building. This is

8、 a book written by a famous writer. falling leaves/fallen leaves,总结：,单个分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰名词之前；分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰名词之后。 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；过去分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。,作表语 The news that we had won the game was exciting. After the teacher heard that, he felt very excite

9、d.,总结：,现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，令人有某种感觉 过去分词作表语，表示人自身的感受或人所持有的某种表情,作状语(表时间,原因,条件,顺其自然的结果或伴随状况等) They entered the theatre, talking and laughing. Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars. Given more attention, the tree could grow better. Seen from the mountain, the city looks very beaut

10、iful.,作宾语补足语 Jim found a boy lying on the floor. Ill have my house painted tomorrow. 常见的动词有：see, hear, watch, notice, feel, keep, find, get, have等,比较：,John heard Mary sing. John heard Mary singing.,(动作正在进行),(动作全过程结束了),注意：,doing有时态、语态变化,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done(通常作状语、宾语),They en

11、tered the theatre, talking and laughing. Being chased by the dog, the boy shouted and cried. Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.,分词作状语，其逻辑主语不是主句主语，而是有它自己的主语，这种结构成为独立主格结构, 表伴随、原因、时间、条件等，即： n/pron + to do /doing/done/adj /adv/prep phrase（冠词可省） There/It + being + n,The exam t

12、o be held tomorrow, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight. There being no bus, we had to go back home on foot.,1.With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 2. _ at my classmates faces, I read the same exci

13、tement in their eyes. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 3. _ many times, he finally understood it. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 4. _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. having enco

14、uraged 5. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating,6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 7. What is the way George thought of

15、_ enough money to buy the house? to get B. getting C. having got D. being got 8. More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. making B. made C. to make D. having made 9. The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in

16、 this summer game. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected,10. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 11. His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. pub

17、lished B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 12. _ to pass the 2009 college entrance examination made our whole family unhappy. My son failed B. My sons failing My son failing D. My son having failed 13. Though it is very hot, I am busy writing materials for my students, only _ once in

18、 a while to have some water. A. stopping B. to stop C. stop D. stopped,14. My husband came home from work at four oclock, his task _ early today. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. was finished 15. _ by many pairs of eyes, the new actress felt very nervous. A. Watched B. Being watched C. Having been watched D. To be watched 16. With a lot of troublesome problems _, the new Ame