SSAT类比关系和同义词【小马过河】.ppt

1、SSAT类比关系和同义词,ANALOGY 类比,Analogy类比是SSAT的一类重点题型，也是大家所不太熟悉的一种题目形式。它不仅考察考生的词汇量，也考察考生的逻辑思维能力，因此是比较难的一类题目。,ANALOGY 类比,类比的题目形式有如下2种： 1. A is to B as C is to X . 例如：Finger is to hand as toe is to_. A. face B. ear C. head D. foot E. ring,ANALOGY 类比,2. A is to B as X to Y . 例如：Bark is to tree as_. A. grass is

2、 to seed B. peel is to banana C. body is to skin D. core is to apple E. coat is to pants,ANALOGY 类比,这两类题目虽然题目形式略有差别，但是本质是一样的，最终的正确答案可以够成一个句子。 Bark is to tree as peel is to banana. Finger is to hand as toe is to foot. A is to B as C/C is to D. 我们可以看出来，AB两个事物是已经给出的，并且AB之间存在着一定的逻辑关系例如，Bark是tree的表皮，Fing

3、er是hand的一部分。而我们的目的，就是选出一组事物CD，使CD之间存在着与AB相同的逻辑关系。,ANALOGY 类比,当然，对于我们高智商的中国考生来说，类比题目最大的难点还是单词，逻辑关系还是相对简单的。如果将刚才的类比题翻译成中文，那么就会变成这样： “树皮”对于“树”相当于 _. A. 草 对于 种子 B. 果皮 对于 香蕉 C. 身体 对于 皮肤 D. 果核 对于 苹果 E. 外套 对于 裤子 答案是显而易见的，简直是在侮辱我们的智商了。,ANALOGY 类比 基本解题原则,1.相关性原则答案中的两个事物想要存在逻辑关系，则至少是相关的 例：A is to B as Apple i

4、s to car Skin is to seed Come is to man Tree is to bark Dog is to supermarket,ANALOGY 类比 基本解题原则,2.词性相同原则纵向对应的两个词绝大多数情况下词性相同 例： A (v.) is to B (adj.) as Book is to library Attractive is to gentleman Deceive is to dishonest Dog is to cat Benediction is to bless,ANALOGY 类比 基本解题原则,3. 同意排除原则单个词语的选项，如果有两个

5、意思相同，则都可以排除，因为不可能有两个正确答案。 例：A is to B as C is to Dishonest Unfaithful Interesting Benevolent Entertaining,ANALOGY 类比 基本解题原则,4. 纵向对应原则纵向对应的两个词语往往也存在很强的相关性 例：Tree is to bark as XX is to people XX is to engine XX is to democracy XX is to skin XX is to gentleman,ANALOGY 常见类比关系,虽然逻辑关系难度不大，但是为了加速大家解题，我们还是

6、把常考的一些逻辑关系分门别类的介绍给大家。,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.1同义 Amusing is to uproarious as A. silly is to serious B. dead is to immortal C. interesting is to mesmerizing D. humorous is to dull E. worthless is to valuable,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Swift is to fast as A. slow is to stopped B. beneficial is to detrimen

7、tal C. athletic is to lithe D. bellicose is to warlike E. grumpy is to frowning,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Dull to insipid as diverting to A. expecting B. feeling C. astounding D. entertaining E. tantalizing,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Impeccable is to adequate as A. impressionable to eager B. inexhaustible to suffi

8、cient C. impossible to prepared D. intangible to popular E. impractical to sensible,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Integrity is to honesty as A. comprehension is to instruction B. fame is to happiness C. resolution is to determination D. severity is to compassion E. quotation is to report,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Glo

9、rious to exalted as esteemed to serious trivial to unimportant fatal to mortal insufferable to kindly tired to vigilant,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Bush is to shrub as car to automobile tree to flower bud to vase fruit to vegetable stalk to corn,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Impressive is to inspiring as derogatory is

10、to critical praiseworthy positive elevating dismal,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 blossom is to bloom as A. fruit to tree B. quiver to vibrate C. run to hide D. fast to slow E. wax to wane,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Sanitary is to clean as A. empathy to ethereal B. heinous to inane C. elegy to copious D. cogent to haph

11、azard E. earnest to serious,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 picture to representation as goat to sheep mineral to water painting to sculpture apple to orange perfume to fragrance,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,同义 Record to document as A. excel to feign B. excuse to pardon C. conceal to exempt D. inundate to wilt E. challenge t

12、o venture,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.2词性变化： A（noun）A的（adj.） Sun is to solar as earth is to terrestrial pond is to marine ground is to subterranean tower is to architectural planet is to lunar,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.2词性变化： A（noun）A的（adj.） Kernel is to central as trivia is to controversial unimpor

13、tant unleavened harvested productive,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.2词性变化： A（noun）A的（adj.） Fossil to petrified as solution to dissolved wood to hard snowflake to wet fog to dense gully to craggy,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.2词性变化： A（verb）A的（adj.） Touch is to tactile as sound is to noise smell is to olfact

14、ory mouth is to oral eye is to visual taste is to sense,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.2词性变化： A（ adj.） A的（noun ） Philanthropic is to benevolence as smooth is to surface ostentatious is to reserve miserly is to stinginess devout is to malice realistic is to plan,ANALOGY 类比广义的同义,1. 广义的同义 1.2词性变化： A（ adj.）

15、 A的（noun ） Altruistic is to benevolence as choleric is to A. abbreviation B. belligerence C. desolation D. illiteracy E. nudity,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.1反义动词 1. Confirm is to deny as accept is to reject assert is to proclaim contend is to imply pull is to tug simplify is to organize,ANALOGY 类比广义的

16、反义,2. 广义的反义 2.1反义动词 2. Smile is to frown as cheer is to jeer wince laugh extricate leap,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,反义动词 Delay to hasten as A. misunderstand to dislike B. undermine to improve C. sink to descend D. remove to indict E. facilitate to impede,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.1反义动词 3.Irk is to soothing as

17、support is to conciliating elevating undermining irritating vilifying,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.1反义名词 Fidelity is to unfaithfulness as loyalty is to honor friendship is to gossip honesty is to deceit laziness is to slothfulness intelligence is to unconcern,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,反义名词 Rival to partner as o

18、pponent to competitor friend to foe enemy to contestant adversary to antagonist associate to cohort,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,反义名词 Hero to villain as antagonist to A. character B. protagonist C. mentor D. companion E. sidekick,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.1反义形容词 1. Refined is to vulgar as calm is to placid subm

19、issive is to recalcitrant happy is to ecstatic helpful is to victorious tranquil is to forgivable,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.1反义形容词 Redundant to necessary as desirable to pretty original to needed plain to valuable vague to explicit fake to expensive,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Truthful to dishonest as arid is

20、to A. sublime B. aloof C. innocent D. moist E. clear,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Mysterious is to understandable as unknown is to indefinable doubtful is to incredulous skillful is to swift clouded is to warm obscure is to clear,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Meager to abundant as slender to skinny rare to medium feeble to ri

21、ch decrepit to robust weak to slow,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Symmetrical is to amorphous as A. metric to moronic B. shapely to muscled C. balanced to unshaped D. flowing to lined E. external to internal,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Morose to cheerful as clean to hyperactive happy to ecstatic hygienic to contaminated mud t

22、o dirt subtle to torpid,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Frugal is to spending as unruly is to A. fractious B. impossible C. obedient D. warmth E. pride,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,Idle is to employed as graceful to clumsy petite to small elegant to formal engine to truck worker to job,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,sick is to healthy as jail

23、ed is to A. convicted B. free C. guilty D. trapped E. hurt,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.2缺乏关系A缺乏B 或 B缺乏A Amorphous is to shape as odorless is to appearance weight worth scent anger,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.2缺乏关系A缺乏B 或 B缺乏A Spurious is to authenticity as lavish is to expense abject is to subjectivity

24、 affluent is to character laughable is to seriousness totalitarian is to completeness,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 lax is to resolution as A. hapless is to circumstance B. detrimental is to destruction C. deceitful is to sincerity D. vulnerable is to wound E. accessible is to rewarded,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 t

25、aciturn is to words as A. thrifty is to money B. petty is to concern C. silly is to extras D. startled is to surprise E. trusting is to care,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 ruthless is to mercy as nave is to A. thoughtfulness B. illness C. worldliness D. contempt E. purity,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 Recluse is to pu

26、blicity as A. pragmatist is to practicality B. politician to votes C. anarchist to order D. spider to web E. equivocator to hunger,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 Facile is to effort as A. deception is to trick B. helpful is to friend C. inconsiderate is to thought D. pious is to religion E. incompetent is to

27、task,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 Destitute to money as change to coins poor to housing confident to doubt nonplussed to extravagance putrid to rot,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 Single-handed is to assistance as anonymous is to A. praise B. authorship C. recognition D. sincerity E. ideas,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 famine

28、is to food as A. drought is to water B. paper is to print C. legend is to fantasy D. debate is to issue E. clause is to contract,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系 Hysteria to control as A. joke to laughter B. feeling to emotion C. absurdity to sense D. calm to serenity E. passion to insanity,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,缺乏关系

29、 modest is to vanity as innocent to A. happiness B. reason C. fear D. guilt E. purity,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,2. 广义的反义 2.3消除关系A消除B 或 B消除A Injury is to heal as malfunction is to repair bandage misinterpret throw disassemble,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,消除关系 Irrigate is to dry as soften is to uneven smooth is to coarse pu

30、rify is to distasteful depend is to supportive ferment is to salty,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,消除关系 Buffer to impact as median to lane boundary to design antiseptic to infection bandage to heal injury to fault,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,消除关系 Muffle is to noise as A. engine is to bicycle B. wind is to vane C. dam is to flo

31、od D. aroma is to fetid E. nibble is to eat,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,消除关系 rest is to exhaustion as A. pack is to vacation B. water is to thirst C. audit is to forms D. jury is to trial E. tide is to ocean,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,消除关系 Sterilize is to germ as A. cut is to surgeon B. sneeze is to dust C. scour is to gr

32、ime D. inject is to virus E. rinse is to mouth,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,消除关系 Anesthetic is to pain as A. lamp is to light B. mnemonic is to memory C. exercise is to diet D. understanding is to comprehension E. muffler is to noise,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,反义句子题不能XX的就不能被XX Illegible is to read as invisible is to see il

33、legal is to act broken is to fix irreparable is to break intense is to strain,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,反义句子题没有XX的就没有XX（缺乏关系） Prejudice is to unbiased as worry is to A. adamant B. active C. blithe D. concerned E. occupied,ANALOGY 类比广义的反义,反义句子题不能XX的就不能XX Rigid is to bend as A. tremulous to sway B. incomprehens

34、ive to think C. immortal to die D. lazy to perspire E. stiff to divide,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,3. 种属与构成 3.1 种属关系A属于B Canine to wolf as feline to A. panther B. pig C. monkey D. rat E. vulture,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Human is to primate as kangaroo is to vegetarian snake is to reptile disease is to bacterium bird is

35、to amphibian dog is to pet,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Biologist is to scientist as surgeon is to A. doctor B. scar C. cut D. heart E. scalpel,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Gem to stone as opal to jade granite to shale pearl to price diamond to mine jewel to rock,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Butterfly is to insect as Grasshopper to crick

36、et Cardinal is to bird ant is to sparrow worm is to robin bee is to hummingbird,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Bat is to mammal as A. boar is to hog B. porpoise is to shark C. butterfly is to insect D. whale is to fish E. reptile is to lizard,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Snake is to python as dog is to terrier canine pet mamma

37、l Quadruped,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Chocolate is to candy as A. fish is to mammal B. meat is to animal C. broccoli is to vegetable D. brick is to house E. fire is to forest,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Gem to sapphire as woodwind to tuba piano clarinet trumpet timpani,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Clog is to shoe as A. sneaker is to

38、run B. lace is to tie C. beret is to hat D. shirt is to torso E. sock is to foot,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Greet is to salute as hello to goodbye army to navy wag to tail suit to tie dress to evening gown,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Baseball to game as A. hurricane to storm B. overcast to cloud C. stadium to sport D. win

39、d to tornado E. conflict to violence,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,igneous is to rock as A. stratum is to dig B. fossil is to dinosaur C. computer is to technology D. watercolor is to painting E. calendar is to date,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Dodo is to bird as dinosaur is to mammal conifer reptile octopus amphibian,ANALOGY

40、 类比种属与构成,Camel is to animal as paste is to paper copy is to original stove is to kitchen cactus is to plant radio is to television,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Woodwind is to clarinet as percussion is to flute cymbal trumpet harp violin,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Brass is to cornet as iron is to tympany string is to bow wo

41、odwind is to clarinet rhythm is to metronome gold is to necklace,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Club is to weapon as cave is to rock cliff beast attack dwelling,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Speak is to communication as hear is to acoustics walk is to locomotion work is to organization ask is to rejection eat is to digestion,AN

42、ALOGY 类比种属与构成,Money is to tree as Euro is to bush grass cranberry stalk elm,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,3. 种属与构成 3.2 构成关系几个A构成B School is to fish as fin is to shark library is to student flock is to bird leg is to frog college is to mascot,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Link is to chain as A. obstacle is to course B. group is

43、 to member C. sidewalk is to path D. mural is to museum E. word is to sentence,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Chapter is to book as A. glass is to water B. lamp is to light C. scene is to play D. stew is to meat E. elevator is to building,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Stanza is to poem as A. sonnet is to play B. drama is to the

44、ater C. paragraph is to essay D. teacher is to class E. preface is to book,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Mosaic to tile as advertisement to magazine tapestry to thread billboard to chart sweater to wool poster to frame,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Tile to mosaic as A. tire to car B. sand to box C. musician to orchestra D. flo

45、wer to plant E. colony to ant,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,clip is to movie as A. buckle is to shoe B. excerpt is to novel C. jar is to liquid D. room is to house E. filling is to pie,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Palette to colors as kaleidoscope to glass collage to images paint to canvases brush to pictures side to picture,

46、ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Class is to student as A. cast is to actor B. teacher is to staff C. conductor is to band D. director is to play E. musician is to band,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,lexicon is to words as anthology is to A. reading B. library C. books D. works E. illustrations,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,3.3 同类事物 Mars is to

47、Venus as Monday is to august The moon is to night Winter is to cold Mercury is to temperature January is to march,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,同类事物 Epic to haiku as mural to painting symphony to song sketch to still life novel to book drop to pond,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,同类事物 Coat to jacket as chair to A. stool B. table

48、 C. couch D. counter E. sofa,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,同类事物 Oven is to kiln as baker is to A. potter B. ceramics C. bread D. miner E. shepherd,ANALOGY 类比种属与构成,Period to exclamation point as whale to fish turtle to tortoise elephant to pachyderm glance to stare comma to quotation marks,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,4 动作搭配 4.

49、1 动作及对象 Ore is to mine as apple is to peel water is to purify batter is to stir grain is to plow oil is to drill,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及其特征对象 Applicant is to hire as A. judge is to jury B. candidate is to elect C. cashier is to work D. student is to study E. writer is to research,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及对象 Amp

50、lify is to sound as bolster is to smell courage insomnia light silence,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及对象 Write to paper as paint to A. board B. canvas C. brush D. palette E. can,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及对象 Pack to suitcase as A. jump to plane B. fuel to car C. read to magazine D. eat to restaurant E. buy to groceries,A

51、NALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及对象 Tarnish is to silver as A. streak to glass B. dirt to car C. rust to iron D. dull to wax E. dust to wood,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,4.2 动作及心理感情 Grin is to delight as anxiety is to confusion frown is to dismay perspiration is to exhaustion laugh is to happiness resignation is to uncertainty,A

52、NALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及心理感情 Perspiration to nervousness as heat to weather stress to articulation caffeine to coffee shivering to cold sweat to water,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及心理感情 Contempt is to sneer as shame is to shrug anger is to laugh enjoyment is to groan agreement is to grimace displeasure is to frown,ANA

53、LOGY 类比动作搭配,动作及其心里感情 Sneer is to disdain as cringe is to A. loneliness B. bravery C. intelligence D. distrust E. fear,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,4.3 动作及结果 gully is to erosion as A. drought is to precipitation B. mine is to excavation C. clot is to dispersion D. forest is to cultivation E. water is to inundation

54、,ANALOGY 类比动作搭配,4.4 逃避关系 escape is to confinement as pursue is to safety sing to choir eat to buffet educate to school run to danger,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,5. 特征与程度 这类题目的共同特点在于，AB两个事物属于同类事物，但是在程度和特征上有所不同。例如：pebble（小石头）rock（石头） pebble和rock都是石头，只不过rock是一般的石头，而pebble是“小”石头。,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,5.1 特征与一般 （“大”与一般）

55、Tremor is to earthquake as eye is to hurricane desert is to sandstorm faucet is to deluge wind is to tornado flood is to river,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,（“小”与一般） Pebble to rock as drop to boulder fountain sand liquid grain,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,（“小”与一般） Kitten is to cat as A. bull is to cow B. snake is to frog C. s

56、quirrel is to raccoon D. puppy is to dog E. spider is to fly,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,（“小”与一般） Cygnet is to swan as A. chicken is to egg B. frog is to snake C. turtle is to raccoon D. puppy is to dog E. spider is to fly,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,（“小”与一般） Nap is to sleep as snack to rest meal biscuit part age,ANALOGY 类

57、比特征与程度,（“幼虫”与一般） Caterpillar to butterfly as salmon to fish egg to dinosaur tadpole to frog nest to chick worm to bait,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,(“杂乱”与一般) scribble v.乱写乱画 Scrawl is to writing as A. decipher is to code B. babble is to speaking C. carve is to stone D. tango is to dancing E. direct is to acting,

58、ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,“悠闲”与一般 Walk is to stroll v.漫步 as A. run to race B. sing to ornate C. converse to chat v.闲聊 D. dance to twirl v.旋转 E. rattle to roll,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,“美妙”与一般 Imagination is to thought as A. song is to bird B. music to sound C. art to painting D. theatre to auditorium n.演讲厅 E. engineer

59、ing to train,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,“夸张”与一般 Caricature n.夸张讽刺画 is to drawing as A. joke is to punch line B. watercolor is to painting C. Hyperbole n.夸张 is to statement n.陈述 D. star is to feature E. Dynamite n.炸药 is to blast,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,（“轻”与一般） Tiptoe v.踮脚走 is to walk as whisper is to speech dance is to rhythm tumble is to tree rasp is to throat press is to wrinkle n.皱纹,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,Tent is to house as hammock n.吊床 is to A. table B. bed C. stool D. rug E. plate,ANALOGY 类比特征与程度,Skit n.搞笑讽刺剧 is to play as A. Couplet n.对偶，对句 is to word B. Limerick n.打油