焊接技术培训-AWS D11与EEMUA 158 2000不同要求.ppt

1、AWS D1.1 K qualifies X; and 2:1 and 1:1 preparations qualify each other and all intermediate geometries. 坡口覆盖。按WPS选用。 1/2 V只能支持1/2V或V型坡口；K型只能支持K和X型坡口。 (g) If the included angle of the groove is less than the value tested and qualified by the WPS. Acute angles in stub to barrel welds, where the inclu

2、ded angle is less than 45, are qualified by the test in 4.4.2.3(b). 角度不小于WPS中的规定。,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 根部间隙公差 R (+3 , -1.5); (i) For double-sided welds: if the root face is more than 2 mm above or below that qualified or if the root gap exceeds 6 mm. 双边坡口： 根部钝边公差 f (+

3、2, 2); 根部间隙公差 R ( 6);,AWS D1.1 中 f (+2, -2); R (+3 , -2); （+10，-5）,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,EEMUA 158： 1994 Section 4 4.5 Essential Variables 4.5.2 Weld Geometry Related Variables (j) For fillet welds, any increase in root gap. 角焊缝，不得增加根部间隙。 However, for m

4、ultipass fillet welds any root gap shall be compensated for by a corresponding increase in fillet leg length up to a maximum of 6 mm. 除非多道角焊缝要深熔，间隙增加，焊脚应加大相应增加。增量最大不超过6mm. For single-pass fillet welds the root gap shall be limited to 3 mm maximum, and the weld leg length shall be increased by the sa

5、me amount. 单道角焊缝根部间隙最大不超过3mm.,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,EEMUA 158： 1994 Section 4 4.5 Essential Variables 4.5.2 Weld Geometry Related Variables (k) If the joint misalignment on tubulars and skid beams exceeds the following: 在管子和梁的焊接接头中： - for double-sided j

6、oints: the smaller of 6 mm or 10% of the joint thickness, except that a 2 mm misalignment is permitted regardless of thickness 双面坡口焊缝：最大6mm或0.1T ，取较小者。允许错边2mm以内时，可以不考虑板厚。 - for single-sided joints: the smaller of 3 mm or 10% of the joint thickness, except that a 2 mm misalignment is permitted regard

7、less of thickness. 单面坡口焊缝：最大3mm或0.1T ，取较小者。允许错边2mm以内时，可以不考虑板厚。,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,EEMUA 158： 1994 Section 4 4.5 Essential Variables 4.5.2 Weld Geometry Related Variables (k) If the joint misalignment on sections other than those in (k) exceeds the sm

8、aller of 5 mm or 12% of the joint thickness, except that a 2 mm misalignment is permitted regardless of thickness. 除了（k）中的接头形式，在型材对接的接头中，最大5mm或12%T ，取较小者。允许错边2mm以内时，可以不考虑板厚。,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,EEMUA 158： 1994 Section 4 4.5 Essential Variables 4.5.3 C

9、onsurnables and Equipment Variables (e) If the core diameter of a SMAW electrode used for the capping passes is reduced. 用于盖面的焊条直径大小不能减少，WPS要求多少就是多少。,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,EEMUA 158： 1994 Section 4 4.5 Essential Variables 4.5.4 Procedural Variables (a)

10、If the welding process used for any part of the weld (i.e. root, second pass, fill or cap) is changed. 焊缝分根部焊道，第二道，填充焊道，盖面焊道，每层每到要按WPS来。 (g) If the first side to be welded in an unequal double-sided preparation (or one using different consumables on either side) is changed. 焊接顺序：双面不等边坡口，先焊大坡口侧，还是小坡口

11、侧，要按WPS来。 （两侧用什么焊材，是不是相同等等，不能用错）,3. Qualification of WPS and welder 接工艺和焊工评定,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,EEMUA 158： 1994 Section 4 4.5 Essential Variables 4.5.4 Procedural Variables 对打磨和碳刨的要求也比AWS D1.1 严格。 (c) If grinding between passes is omitted or if back-gouging is omitted. (d) If the depth of back

12、-gouging / grinding is reduced. (e) If the depth of back-gouging/grinding is increased to more than 10 mm. (f ) If the back welding used in qualification is omitted.,4. construction and Fabrication 建造,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,AWS D1.1 -2010/2008 Clause 5 中 对以下方面给予了规定： Base matal / Welding cosumables

13、 and electrodes requirement/ WPS Variables / Preheat and interpass Temperatures/ Heat input control for Quenched and temperatures/ Stress-relief heat Treatment / Backing, backing Gas or inserts/ Backing / Welding and Cutting Equipment / Welding Environment/ Minimum fillet weld size / Preparation of

14、base matel/ Reentrant corners/ Weld Access holes, Beam copes, and Connection material / Tack weld and construction aids/,4. construction and Fabtication 建造,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,AWS D1.1 -2010/2008 Clause 5 Camber in bulit-up Members/ Splice in Cylically loaded Structures / Control of distortion

15、and shinkage / Tolerance of joint dimensions / Dimensional tolerance of welded struction members/ Weld profiles/ Repairs/ Peening/ Arc strikes/ Weld cleaning/ EEMUA 158: 1994 Clause 5 整个章节都要了解。 因为这里对TKY结构的规定比AWS更为详细。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparati

16、on and Assembly 5.2.4 Design of Welded Connections Where point-to-point construction is employed, consideration shall be given to the possible effects of this method of construction on root quality. 焊接时，要注意根部焊道的质量。 Consideration shall also be given to the practicality of performing NDT in the root r

17、egion of such joints, together with appropriate acceptance criteria. 对这种接头，要考虑根部区域做 NDT的实际性。,Where the use of an asymmetric single bevel or K preparation is proposed, consideration shall be given to access for effective ultrasonic testing. 采用不对称的单边坡口或 K形破口设计时，要考虑使用UT的有效性。,4. construction and Fabtica

18、tion 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.5 Forming,The forming of T-sections into flanged ring stiffeners of any diameter will require mechanical tests (to demonstrate that the properties required by the purchase specification are maintained after trial forming) to

19、 justify acceptance, regardless of the proposed diameter. T型材加工成环状加强筋，不论直径大小，都要做力学性能试验。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.5 Forming,If hot straightening is proposed, the temperature shall not exceed 500C unless otherwise approved b

20、y the Purchaser. These limits also apply to re-rolling of cans after welding to restore shape to within tolerance limits.,Acceptance of wedges or other techniques to assist rolling will be subject to the visual acceptability of the product and to acceptable mechanical test results from regions of ma

21、ximum strain.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.6 Edge Preparation Plates or tubulars shall be prepared by machining, or by flame cutting followed by grinding to bright metal. If the Contractor successfully qualifies all welding pr

22、ocedures using materials which have not been ground after flame cutting, the Purchaser may consider relaxing this requirement for edges to be welded. 一般坡口都要打磨至金属原色。如果承包商成功地使用没有打磨切割面的板材做出了焊评，业主可以考虑放宽这条规定。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assemb

23、ly 5.2.6 Edge Preparation,Surfaces to be welded shall be visually examined to ensure freedom from laminations, cracks, slag inclusions and cutting notches. Any such defects observed shall be dressed out by grinding. If the depth of excavation exceeds 5 mm, a weld repair shall be made using an Approv

24、ed WPS.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.6 Edge Preparation,The surface of the steel within 75 mm of the proposed weld shall be dry, clean and free from loose scale or paint (except that the use of a protective primer may be quali

25、fied by use in all welding procedure qualification tests). 而AWS要求的打磨坡口边缘至少20mm。 Flame cut edges which are not subsequently welded shall be ground smooth to remove nicks and burrs, The use of flame gouging or washing is not permitted. 不准用割刀熔削，不准烊坡口面。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D

26、1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.7 Alignment and Fit-up of Welded Joints For any through member whose thickness exceeds 25 mm, the portion which will lie under, or within 50 mm of, a T-butt weld (or a fillet weld with leg length exceeding 20 mm) shall be examined by ultrasonic te

27、sting in accordance with BS 5996. 穿插件厚度超过25mm，位于T型接头下面50mm以内（或角焊缝焊脚超过20mm），要做UT，检验材料内部缺陷。 Where low sulphur steels with guaranteed Zdirection properties are used, this examination is not required. Weld preparation tolerances shall comply with, and misalignment at butt welds shall not exceed, the val

28、ues given in 4.5.2.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.7 Alignment and Fit-up of Welded Joints,Single-sided closure butt weld root gaps of 12 mm maximum up to 150 mm in length are permitted even if this exceeds the tolerance on the

29、basic welding procedure. 单面对接焊允许150mm长度内最大12mm根部间隙，即使不符合基本的焊接程序对公差的要求。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.7 Alignment and Fit-up of Welded Joints Where root gaps are out of tolerance, except as permitted above, the joint shall be di

30、smantled to permit local grinding, or buttering followed by grinding, back to the required profile. The depth of buttering on any member shall not exceed 15 mm. Alternatively the requirements of 4.4.2.3 (c) and 4.6.3 (c) may be applied.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 15

31、8 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.7 Alignment and Fit-up of Welded Joints 定位点焊接注意事项： Fit-up using clamps or other fabrication aids may be used where appropriate. When tack welds are necessary they shall be at least 50 mm long and shall consist of at least two passes of sufficient cross section

32、al area to resist restraint cracking.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.7 Alignment and Fit-up of Welded Joints,定位点焊接注意事项： The preheat shall not be less than for welding the joint. Tack welds which are to form part of the completed

33、 joint are permitted for double-sided welds provided they are feathered at both ends. For single-sided welds, mild steel bars temporarily welded to the fusion face of the bevel are preferred so that the root pass can be deposited with minimum interference. When agreed with the Purchaser, root tacks

34、which are to remain in the joint may be permitted in single-sided welds if the ends are feathered.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.8 Rat-holes, Penetrations and Cut-outs Rat-holes penetrations, and other cut-outs shall be avoided

35、 wherever possible. Where considered essential, and their use approved by the Purchaser (or when directed by the Drawings), the following shall apply:,(a) Permanent rat-holes shall be cut by automatic processes and ground smooth unless otherwise agreed by the Purchaser. Permanent rat-holes shall hav

36、e a radius of 50 mm or twice the plate thickness whichever is the greater. Where rat-holes of these dimensions would jeopardise structural integrity, the Purchaser may require them to be less than 50 mm radius. Fillet welds shall be continued through the rat-hole. 永久性的过焊孔半径为 50mm或2T中较大者。角焊缝应连续穿过。,4.

37、 construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.8 Rat-holes, Penetrations and Cut-outs,(b) Temporary rat-holes (those approved subject to their being reinstated or sealed) shall have a radius not less than twice the plate thickness and shall be re

38、instated to an approved procedure. Filling with weld metal is not permitted. 临时性的过焊孔 半径大于厚度的2倍。（R2T）。不允许填充。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.2 Preparation and Assembly 5.2.8 Rat-holes, Penetrations and Cut-outs,(c) The radius of any approved cut-outs other than

39、 rat-holes shall not be less than 100 mm. Where necessary, the area shall be checked by UT before cutting to ensure that no cut is made within 300 mm of internal stiffeners. The original plate shall be clearly marked and shall be welded back into the cut-out, unless other proposals are approved by t

40、he purchaser. 挖孔（不含过焊孔）半径不小于100mm. 必要时，切割前还要做UT，保证内部加强构件300mm以内不准切割。割下来的板，应标记好，以便重新装焊。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.1 Welding Environment All welding shall be carried out in conditions which permit satisfactory welding an

41、d adequate inspection. Whenever possible, welds should be made in fabrication shops with outdoor welding being restricted to final erection or to sub-assemblies which are too large or heavy to be welded elsewhere. Node fabrication shall always be undertaken in fabrication shops. Outdoor welding shal

42、l be protected from the effects of adverse weather by the use of temporary shelters. Closure joints shall not be welded if there is water trapped in the members to be joined.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.1 Welding Consuma

43、bles and Equipment 没AWS D1.1 详细。按标准、厂家推荐和以及公司技术程序相关文件执行。 一下是对设备的要求。 1）Welding equipment shall be maintained in good working order, and earth connections to the work piece shall make good electrical contact. 2）Regular calibration checks shall be carried out on all equipment to an agreed procedure. 3）

44、 For iron powder metering systems, a calibration check shall be made each half shift until the Purchaser advises otherwise.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements In establishing the

45、 minimum permissible preheat, the Contractor shall use BS 5135. The particular diagram to be used for reference (in Fig. 4 of that Standard) shall be established by using the maximum permitted CE value for the steel to be welded, together with the maximum weld metal hydrogen level guaranteed by the

46、manufacturer. 预热和层间温度依照 BS 5135。 BS 5135 根据母材组合厚度，碳当量，焊材扩散氢含量，热输入来规定最低预热温度。 而AWS D1.1 在Table 3.2 列出最低预热温度和层间温度。 附件 Annex I 中，有2种预热温度计算方法，从控制硬度和氢含量分别考虑预热温度。根据碳当量，冷裂纹敏感指数，扩散氢含量，拘束度等来考虑预热温度。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.2 Pr

47、eheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements,AWS D1.1 Table 3.2 A类材料的最低预热和层间温度,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements Having identified the relevant diagram, the minimum calculated h

48、eat input for any pass to be welded will give the minimum permissible preheat and interpass temperature for any given combined thickness of material, except that the following additional restrictions shall apply:,(a) a minimum preheat of 150C for submerged arc welding with any material above 100 mm

49、thick (b) a minimum preheat of 100C for submerged arc welding with any material above 40 mm thick (c) a minimum preheat of 100C for welding any temporary attachment. For multipass fillet welds in which the root gap exceeds 2 mm, the preheat shall be raised 50C above that qualified. The same requirem

50、ent applies for all repair welds using the same procedure as the original weld up to a maximum of 150C.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements The whole length of the joint to be wel

51、ded, and 75 mm on each side, shall be preheated to the required temperature. 测温范围。 Preheat shall be applied by electric resistance heating elements held in place by magnets. Fixed gas burners or radiant heating panels shall only be used with the agreement of the Purchaser. Hand held oxy-propane torc

52、hes shall only be used for welds shorter than 300 mm. In all cases the Contractor shall demonstrate that the design, placement and control of the proposed preheating method ensures uniform temperature distribution over the weld preparation to be preheated.,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 15

53、8,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements,The Contractor shall verify that the correct preheat has been attained before a tack weld or the first pass is deposited. 定位焊缝和第一道焊缝，需要确认达到预热温度。 Welders shall be issued with appropriate

54、temperature-indicating crayons and shall use them to ensure that the weld area lies between minimum and maximum interpass temperatures before depositing each pass. 利用测温设备，焊工要明确开始焊接每一道焊缝前温度在最低预热温度和最高层间温度之间。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Productio

55、n Welding 5.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements,Where possible, preheat should be applied and checked on opposite sides of the member. 尽量在反面检测测温。 Where this is not possible, a soak time of 2 minutes per 25 mm shall be employed. 加热要求。 In addition, when hand-held oxy-propane torches are

56、 in use, the flame shall be removed from the surface for 60 seconds before the preheat temperature is checked. 使用氧气-丙烷气加热时，检测温度的要求。 火焰离开钢板表面，60秒后测温。,4. construction and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.4 Temporary and Non-structural Attachments,

57、 Ancillaries and Miscellaneous Steelwork,Temporary attachments made directly to primary structure shall be removed by flame cutting or gouging at least 3 mm from the base metal surface, then grinding flush and inspecting by wet MPI. It is permissible to grind up to 1 mm into the base metal surface t

58、o remove any undercut associated with the attachment weld. If there is damage to the primary structure as a result of flame cutting or gouging, it shall be rectified by grinding followed by repair welding, and the cutting position shall be changed to 6 mm from the base metal surface.,4. construction

59、 and Fabtication 建造 EEMUA 158,AWS D1.1 &EEMUA 158 不同要求,5.3 Control of Production Welding 5.3.4 Temporary and Non-structural Attachments, Ancillaries and Miscellaneous Steelwork,This category includes both permanent attachments such as doubler plates, and temporary attachments such as strongbacks and lifting eyes. 永久垫板。临时定位板，吊耳。 Temporary attachments are, in general, not shown on the Drawings. Where attachments are required on items which will receive PWHT, they shall be welded on before heat treatmen