英语语法基础--时态

1、,英语语法基础-时态,北京四中 孙玲,（一）、一般现在时 （二）、现在进行时 （三）、一般将来时 （四）、一般过去时,(一). 一般现在时,1. 基本意义： 1) 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。如： I go to school on foot. The trees are green. 2) 表示个人爱好、习惯。如： I like red and pink. They hate to do lots of housework. 3) 表示客观真理或自然现象。如： Leaves turn yellow in autumn. Our teacher told us that water

2、freezes below zero.,2. 基本构成,1) 当表示习惯性的动作时，它的构成是：主语+实义动词+其它。 当主语是we, you, they或复数名词时，句子的谓语动词用原形。当主语是he, she, it,等时，动词要用第三人称单数。变换句型时，要用助动词do/ does。如： She goes to bed late every day. We dont clean our bedroom on Sundays. Do you clean your bedroom on Sunday? 2) 当表示存在的状态时，它的构成是：主语+am / is / are+其它。变换句型时，

3、要借助be动词。如： Are Jim and Danny in China now? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.,3. 常用时间状语：,every day / month / year, on Sundays, in the morning / afternoon / evening, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, three times a week, every four days等。,4. 注意问题：,一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后的动词词尾有所变化。第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几

4、种形式： (1). 一般情况加-s (reads, says, takes) (2). 以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, (3).以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries,同步练习,1. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 2. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents. 3. _ Mike_(read) French every day?

5、 4. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday? 5. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?,同步练习,1. Mike sometimes goes to the park with his sister. 2. At eight at night, she watches TV with his parents. 3. Does Mike read French every day? 4. How many lessons does your classmate have on Monday

6、? 5. What time does his mother do the housework?,(二). 现在进行时,语法讲解 1. 现在进行时的基本用法: 1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作: 常和now连用，有时用一个动词如look（看）、listen（听）来表示now（现在）这一时间概念。 Look！A dog is running after a cat. Listen！He is playing the piano.,2) 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作: 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（这几天）等时间状语连用。

7、 What lesson are you studying this week？ 你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）,3) 现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go（去）、come（来）、leave（离开）、start（开始）、arrive（到达）、return（返回）、 How many of you are coming to the party next week？ She is leaving for Tianjing tomorrow.,2. 基本构成：be + doi

8、ng 现在分词的几种改变方式：,1）动词+ing：play（游玩）playing， study（学习）studying 2）去e+ing： write（写）writing，make（做）making，take（取）taking 3）双写词尾+ing：stop（停止）stopping，cut（砍）cutting，sit（坐）sitting 4）特殊变化：lie-lying, die-dying, 边讲边练,用动词适当形式填空： 1) What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread. 2) Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in th

9、e office. 3) Look, the boy _(put) the rubbish into the bin. 4) _he_ (clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He _ (play). 5) Where is Mark? He _(run) on the grass. 6) Listen, who _(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary _(sing) there., 边讲边练,用动词适当形式填空： 1) What are you doing now? I am eating bread. 2) Its nine

10、oclock. My father is working in the office. 3) Look, the boy is putting the rubbish into the bin. 4) Is he cleaning the classroom? No, he isnt. He is playing. 5) Where is Mark? He is running on the grass. 6) Listen, who is singing in the music room? Oh, Mary is singing there.,(三). 一般将来时,1.一般将来时的基本概念

11、：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。,2时间状语连用，如： tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）等。,3一般将来时的其他用法 1）“to be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如： It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today. 2）go， come，start，move，sai

12、l，leave，arrive，stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作，例如： Im leaving for Beijing.,1. The old man _ _ ( get up) at six oclock in the morning every day. 2. We _ (do) some sightseeing tomorrow because we like Chinese culture. 3. Tony_ (take) a test next week. 4. They _ (have) a party with their friends the day after

13、tomorrow. 5. They _ (stay) in a hotel in San Francisco at the moment, but they _ (move) to another hotel very soon.,1. The old man gets up at six oclock in the morning every day. 2. We are going to do/will do some sightseeing tomorrow because we like Chinese culture. 3. Tony will take/ is going to t

14、ake a test next week. 4. They will have/ are going to have a party with their friends the day after tomorrow. 5. They stay in a hotel in San Francisco at the moment, but they are moving to another hotel very soon.,(四). 一般过去时,表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday, last week, last month, last

15、year, two months ago, the day before yesterday，in 1990, in those days等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week.,1. 一般过去时态句子结构,(1). Be 动词的一般过去时态构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语 如：I was late yesterday. 否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语 如：We werent late yesterday. Sh

16、e wasnt a teacher three years ago.疑问句：一般疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语 如： Were you ill yesterday? Were they once your classmates？ 肯定回答： Yes, I was. 否定句： No, I wasnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Was (Were) +主语+表语 Who were your best friends in your primary school?,(2). 实义动词的一般过去时态,肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

17、 肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday. 否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语 如：I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you. 疑问句：一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如： Did you go home yesterday? Did you study in the school? 肯定回答： Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语 When did you f

18、inish your homework last night? What did you do the day before yesterday?,(3). 助动词和情态动词过去式如下,shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称can could（能，会） maymight（可以） mustmust （必须）have tohad to（不得不） 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。),2. 一般过去时态动词变化形式,一般过

19、去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。1） 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如：playplayed workworked2） 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like- liked loveloved 3） 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：studystudied carrycarried4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如：stopstopped,句型转换,1.Did she study English well?(改为肯定句) She_English well.

20、 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(对划线部分提问) _did you_to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours to get there.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _it _you to get there? 4.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上) _ did you_there? 5.We got here by bike.(同上) _ _you_here?,句型转换,1.Did she study English well?(改为肯定句

21、) She studied English well. 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(对划线部分提问) When did you go to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours to get there.(对划线部分提问) How long did it take you to get there? 4.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上) What did you see there? 5.We got here by bike.(同上) How did you get here?,不规则动词过去式,am (是) -was is（是）-was are（是）-were begin（开始）-began bring（拿来）-brought can（能）-could catch（捉住）-caught come（来）-came cut（砍，割）-cut,dig（挖，掘）-dug do（做，干）-did draw（画画,拉）-drew drink（喝）-drank drive（驾驶）-drove eat（