状语从句的翻译

1、Tasks for todays lesson,Chapter 14 英语状语从句的翻译 (Translation of Adverbial Clauses) Check Exercise 9,48,1,Chapter 14,Chapter 14 英语状语从句的翻译 (Translation of Adverbial Clauses),48,2,基本思想,英语状语从句，包括表示时间、条件、目的等的各种从句。尽管引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本上可以在汉语中找到相对应的关联词，但有时不必翻译。 英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前，偶尔才位于主句之

2、后。,48,3,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,14.1.1译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语 When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christmas parties were still going on. 当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。,48,4,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision. 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这

3、个问题。 The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热。) When we met each other for the second time, I found that she looked older than she was. 我们第二次见面时，我发现她比实际年龄显得老一些了。,48,5,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,英汉语言表达的习惯差异： 通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以位于后者为多。 英语是一种形合语言，多使用关联词；汉语是一种意合的语言，较少使用关联词。 因此，英译汉时，尽量少用关联词

4、；汉译英时，尽量多用关联词。,48,6,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,英语状语从句通常可按其从属连词、连接副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译，但有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。 有些英语状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词(如when, before, until 等)引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。,48,7,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers

5、 of the rock are slowly worn away. 由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石，久而久之，较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(译成汉语复句的表原因的偏句),48,8,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要条件复句的正句。也可根据汉语表达习惯, 译为：一份耕耘，一份收获。) Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to ea

6、rth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去，就必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译成汉语单句的目的状语),48,9,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,Not until we have detailed studies of the present movement of traffic and have a clearer idea of how many people wish to travel, where they want to go, at what time of day and how quickly not until then can we

7、 begin to plan a proper transportation system for the future. 只有详细地研究当前的交通流量，比较清楚地了解有多少人想去旅行，要到哪里去，在一天中的什么时候上路, 希望以多快的速度旅行，只有到那时，我们才能开始对未来的运输系统进行合理的规划。(译成汉语复句的条件偏句),48,10,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,14.1.3 翻译成固定句型 Scarcely had we got to the station before the train left. 我们刚到车站, 火车就开了。 Hardly had the computer st

8、arted working when viruses were found. 计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。,48,11,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,As soon as she heard the news, she fainted. 她一听到这个消息, 就昏过去了。 They fell in love the moment they saw each other for the first time. 他们一见钟情。,48,12,14.1 时间状语从句的翻译,14.1.4 译成并列分句 The earth turns round its axis as it travels about

9、the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面绕地轴自转。 I read a newspaper while I was waiting / I waited. 我边等边看报。 I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。,48,13,14.2 原因状语从句的翻译,英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词 as, because, since 引导。 由because引出的原因状语从句一般置于句末，也可位于句首，通常用来表示直接原因。 由as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首；若置于句末，前面应有逗号分开。表示的原因或理由为说话的对方所知道，a

10、s通常翻译为“由于”。 since引出的原因状语从句通常位于句首，把已知的事实作为推理的依据，说明的原因或理由是说话的双方所明知的事实，因此，since往往翻译为“既然”。,48,14,14.2 原因状语从句的翻译,所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常位于句首，偶尔亦置于句末。 汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于译句句首，也可置于译句句末。,48,15,14.2 原因状语从句的翻译,14.2.1 译成表示原因的分句 They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry. 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是

11、因为他们总是处于匆忙之中。 Because his parents had paved a good way for him, he didnt worry about it at all. 他之所以一点不急，是因为父母已为他铺好了道路。,48,16,14.2 原因状语从句的翻译,It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed ” to do so. 人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题, 只是因为电脑给输入了解决问题的“程序”。 Since the speaker cant

12、come, well have to cancel the meeting. 既然发言人不能来，我们不得不取消这次会议。,48,17,14.2 原因状语从句的翻译,14.2.2 译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的并列分句 As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off. 众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年的朋友，远离大

13、家庭的其他成员, 日常信息来源就此切断。,48,18,14.2 原因状语从句的翻译,Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without themnot for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，我们的生活离不开它们一刻也离不开。,48,19,14.3 条件状语从句的翻译,14.3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, th

14、e whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 27 We wont be able to go there on foot in case it rains. 要是下雨，咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。,48,20,14.3 条件状语从句的翻译,If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不同，不会留下这么多遗憾。 Only if we a

15、re true to facts, can we be loyal to the truth. 只有忠实于事实，才能忠实于真理。 We can realize the goal of our life, if only we work hard. 只要我们努力工作，就能实现人生目标。,48,21,14.3 条件状语从句的翻译,14.3.2 译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子 If the temperature drops to zero degree centigrade, water freezes. 水在摄氏零度结冰。 If you work hard, you will succeed

16、. 努力工作，就会成功。 If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal. 将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金属。,48,22,14.3 条件状语从句的翻译,14.3.3 译成补充说明情况的分句 “Youll have some money by thenthat is , if you last the week out, you fool.” “到那时你该有点钱了就是说，如果你能度过这星期的话，你这傻瓜。” Be respectful to your superiors, if you have an

17、y, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. 要尊重你的上司，如果你有上司的话。对待陌生人，有时还有别人，也要尊重。,48,23,14.3 条件状语从句的翻译,14.3.4 译成特定的条件分句 They might be prepared to trim productionbut only if they are convinced it will firm prices. 它们可能准备削减产量但条件是必须先使这些产油国确信, 石油价格将保持稳定。 Certainly you can pass the test, but only if you

18、 study very hard. 你肯定能通过考试，但前提是你学习非常刻苦。,48,24,14.4 让步状语从句的翻译,14.4.1 译成表示 “让步”的分句 Although there are these cultural differences, the main engine propelling the separatist cause is economic. 尽管有文化差异，但是推动分裂主义进程的主要动力是经济因素。 Old as he is, he would rather work than sit idle. 他虽已年迈，但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。,48,25,14.4 让

19、步状语从句的翻译,Although we were very close, the time came when Jeff needed a door between us, a space of his own to grow in. 虽然我们之间亲密无间, 但还是有一天, 杰夫需要一扇门把我们分开, 需要一个他自己成长的空间。 Even though our hope for success is pretty slim, we still want to have a try. 哪怕成功的希望渺茫，我们也还要试一试。,48,26,14.4 让步状语从句的翻译,We must contin

20、ue to learn the strong points of other nations, even if we have caught up with the world advanced level in the field of science and technology. 即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。,48,27,14.4 让步状语从句的翻译,14.4.2 译成表 “无条件”的条件分句 英语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方面的一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同样的结果，也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的前一分句，称之为“无

21、条件”的条件分句，通常以whatever, wherever, whoever, whenever, no matter wh-为引导词, 通常翻译为“不论” “无论” “不管” 等关联词。,48,28,14.4 让步状语从句的翻译,14.4.2 译成表 “无条件”的条件分句 Yet whenever I stopped by his hospital bedside, he was surrounded by visitors from his church, singing and praying. 然而，无论我何时来到他的病床边，他总是被来自他奉职教堂的人所包围，他们又唱又祷告。 Ill

22、 be right here waiting for you, wherever you go, and whatever you do. 无论你到哪里去，无论你做什么，我都会在这儿等你。,48,29,14.4 让步状语从句的翻译,No matter what happens, he will go on with an indomitable will without turning back. 不管发生什么事，他都将义无反顾, 勇往直前。 We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own

23、nation is superior to all others. 不论我们来自世界上的哪个国家，我们大家全都相信，我们自己的民族优于所有别的民族。,48,30,14.5 目的状语从句的翻译,以so that , in order that, to the end that, in case等从属短语连词引导的目的状语从句，一般译成汉语中相对应的 “为了”、“以便”、“以免”、“以防”等引导的目的状语修饰语。同样，汉语中这样的目的状语修饰语应翻译成英语的目的状语从句。,48,31,14.5 目的状语从句的翻译,14.5.1 译成表示 “目的”的后置状语 Youd better take an

24、umbrella with you in case it rains. 你最好带把伞以防下雨。 He is planning to make this speech in order that we might have a better understanding of the vicissitude of the international situation. 他打算做一次演说，以便我们能更好地理解当今国际形势的风云变幻。,48,32,14.5 目的状语从句的翻译,Besides learning the prescribed textbooks, you are supposed to

25、 read more books on your subject in order that you may expand your scope of knowledge. 为了扩大知识面，你们除了学好规定的教材之外，还应该阅读一些与专业相关的书籍。 Students are expected to recite a number of excellent pieces of prose so that they may lay a solid foundation in language competence. 学生应该背诵一些优秀散文，以便奠定坚实的语言基本功。,48,33,14.5 目的

26、状语从句的翻译,14.5.2 译成表示 “目的”的前置状语 The travel plan was cancelled in order that the spread of SARS could be prevented. 为了防止非典的传染, 这次旅行计划给取消了。 He sent a bunch of flowers each day in order that he could win her love. 为了赢得她的芳心，他每天送她一束花。,48,34,14.5 目的状语从句的翻译,14.5.3 灵活地译为表目的的句子 有时也可根据逻辑意义和汉语表达习惯, 将英语目的状语从句与主句融

27、合起来翻译，译为表目的的句子，包含“其目的是”和“为的就是” 这样的词语。,48,35,14.5 目的状语从句的翻译,The UN was established in order that peace and development can be promoted. 创建联合国的目的就是要推动和平与发展。 We learn from our past lessons so that history wont repeat itself. 我们从过去的经历中吸取教训为的就是不再重蹈覆辙。,48,36,14.6 结果状语从句的翻译,14.6.1 译成表结果的分句 He had overslept

28、, so that he was late for work. 他睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。 That girl studied very diligently last term so that she obtained excellent results in all the terminal examinations. 那个女孩上个学期学习非常勤奋，因此期末每门功课考试都获得优秀成绩。,48,37,14.6 结果状语从句的翻译,He never played with the children that a quarrel did not follow. 他跟孩子们玩耍，结果总是吵架。

29、The book was so boring that he gave up reading it half way through. 该书如此枯燥乏味，以至他读了一半就放弃了。,48,38,14.6 结果状语从句的翻译,14.6.2 译成不含关联词但内含因果关系的并列分句 There are many factories around, as a result, the air is seriously polluted by smoke. 这周围有许多工厂，空气受到烟尘的严重污染。 It was such a terrible experience that I will never fo

30、rget it. 那次经历可怕至极，我永远不会忘记。,48,39,14.6 结果状语从句的翻译,Peter is such a nice boy that he is loved by everybody. 彼得是个好男孩，人人都喜爱。 Such was his anxiety that he couldnt stop trembling. 他焦虑不安，颤抖不已。,48,40,14.7 方式状语从句的翻译,表示方式的状语从句通常由as, as if, as though引导，往往位于主句之后，但在 as.so.结构中，as分句通常置于主句之前。在口语中可用the way (that)引导方式状

31、语从句。 Please do exactly as your doctor says. 务请按照医生的吩咐行事。 Mary does not bother about trifles the way her sister does. 玛丽不像她姐姐那样关心鸡毛蒜皮的小事。,48,41,14.7 方式状语从句的翻译,All folk songs sound as if they come from the heart. 所有民歌听起来宛如人们的心声。 The clouds disappeared as if by magic. 那些云团消失得无影无踪，如同被魔力驱散了。 As a man sows, so he will reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 As the twig is bent, so the tree is incli