2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-省略及倒装

1、,省略、倒装、强调,一 . 简单句的省略 . 1. 在口语中 - How is your mother today? - (She is ) Much better. (Is there) Anything wrong?,省略,2. 在祈使句中,一般省略主语. (You) Open the door, please. (I) Thank you very much. 注: 某些时候, 当听话的对象要特别说明时, 可将这个称呼写出来. Come here , Jack . You come here, Jack .,4. 特殊疑问句中的省略. 1) - I dont know if I shou

2、ld take the digital camera with me . - Why not ? (= Why dont you take the digital camera ?) 2) - Who can do it ? - Lucy , I think . ( Lucy can do it , I think .) 3) - Which country did you go to last summer ? - Britain. ( I went to Britain last summer,5. 感叹句中的省略. What a (good) boy (he is)! How (hard

3、) they are working! 6. 在名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物中 At her mothers (house) she passed many happy days. I met him at the doctors (clinic).,7.动词不定式的省略 a. 为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, like和love等. 如: S

4、he asked me to dance with her, but I didnt want to (dance with her). -Will you go with me? -Well, Id like to (go with you).,b. 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词. 如: I really didnt want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him). c. 在某些形容词delighted, glad, happy, pleased

5、等后省略to后面的动词. 如: - Will you join in our discussion? Ill be glad to (join in your discussion).,d. 若不定式中带有be, have等, 常保留be, have. -Are you a teacher? No, but I used to be (a teacher). John didnt come, but he ought to have (come). e. 使役动词 have , let ,make 和感官动词 feel ,see, watch, notice, look at , hear,

6、listen to 等后面的不定式做宾语补足语时, 省略 to,但被动语态中要加上. He had two boys wash his car . She saw him walk into the house. He was seen to walk into the house.,二、使用替代词的省略 1. 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：dodoesdid, so, not, neither, nor和the same等. 用助动词dodoesdid来替代上文中出现的动词，以免重复。如： She speaks English more flu

7、ently than her elder sister does.,2. 用so , not 或其他手段来省略上文中的一部分或整个句子，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的宾语。 1) - Can Emily do this work ? - I think so . - I think not . / I dont think so . （这也是宾语从句中的省略）,注: guess , hope , be afraid 的否定式只有一种, 即 : I guess not . I hope not

8、 . I am afraid not . 2) - Did you know anything about it ? - Not until you told me . ( 你告诉了我, 才知道.) 3) He has gone . No one knows where ( he has gone ).,3. 代词的替代省略,三、并列句中的省略 1. 后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。 如： She was poor but (she was) honest. Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasnt (done his homework). 2. 有

9、时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。 如：Mary can （speak English）and (Mary) ought to speak English. Bob works (in London), and Peter lives in London.,四、复合句中的省略 1. 主语从句的省略 主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。 (Its a) pity you couldnt come. 2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。 -Shall I go to play? -If you like. (you can go to play),2.

10、宾语从句中的省略 1）由which, when, where, how和why 引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。 如：Please pass me one of these books, I dont care which (book you pass me). He will come back, but she doesnt know when (he will come back). She wants to learn English well, yet she doesnt know how (she can learn it well).,2

11、) 在Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, I imagine等开头的作答句中, 后面跟so 与 not 分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 a. Do you believe our team will win? I guess so (your team will win). I guess not (your team will not win). b. Do you think it will rain? I hope so (it will rain). I hope not (th

12、at it will not rain). 注:I hope so的否定式只能用I hope not, 不可用I dont hope so. c. Will we be late? Im afraid so /not,3.状语从句中的省略： 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词含有be时，或状语从句为there be结构时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为: 1).连词as/as if/once+名词 Once( he was) a teacher ,he now works in a government . 2)连词though/whether/when+形容词 Work

13、 hard when (you are) young, or you will regret . 3).连词whether /as if /while+介词短语 He looks everywhere as if (he was) looking for something.,4)连词when/while/though+现在分词 While (I was )walking in the street, I heard my name called . 5).连词when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than/as+过去分词 The exhibition is mo

14、re interesting than( it was) expected. 6).连词as if/as though +不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 当状语从句的主语为it ,谓语动词含有be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为: 连词if/unless/when/whenever+形容词 Unless( it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.,7)if+ so/not省略句式， so/not 代替上文内容 Get up early t

15、omorrow morning, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the bus. 练习：补充省略部分 1) When in trouble , I always turn to her for help. 2) Errors , if any, should be corrected. 3）He seldom goes to the cinema, if ever.,I am,there is,he has ever been,4) Wood gives much smoke while burning. 5) The letter

16、 is to be left here until called for . 6) Henry stopped walking as if to wait for her 7) You must eat it when fresh.,wood is,it is,he was,it is,2、 比较状语从句的省略 1) 以as, than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。 如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as

17、 hard as you (study). 2）在the + 比较级. , the +比较级 的句型中, 当谓语是be 动词时 , 而且主语非代词时, 常省略动词be. The older you are , the poorer your memory. （memory will be ） The more I can do , the better （better it will be）,3. 以as soon as 引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时,可用on/upon doing 形式简化状语从句, 此时的动词为瞬间动词. As soon as he arrived at the v

18、illage , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. On /Upon arriving at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers.,4. 定语从句中的省略 1)定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词. 如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was)

19、built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.,2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that, which, whom可以省略;在the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分; 先行词是 direction(方向) , way(方式) , distance(距离) , time(时间) , times(倍数) 等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which 如:,如：He is one of the man (whom

20、) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. The direction (in which ) we move a body (物体) can be changed. The distance (that/ which ) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers.,5.虚拟语气中的省略 If Thomas Edison had stored his m

21、oney , he would have died a wealthy man . Had Thomas Edison stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . 注: 虚拟语气的 if条件句中省略if把 had(助动词), should , were 提前. It was suggested that the meeting be put off until the next week . 注: 在表建议,命令,劝告等词后所接虚拟语气的should +动词原形中的 should 常省略.,五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介词

22、 have difficulty (in) doing sth spend some time / money (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth waste some time (in) doing sth have a hard time (in) doing sth There is no use (in) doing sth,六. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中 例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do

23、not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had time to write diary Notes: Opera OK, costumes great,Lets practice.,1. He was a swimmer when _. A. to be a child B. a child C. being a child D. as a child. 2. When _ , he worked very hard all his life. A. was young B. be young C. being young D. young While

24、 _, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. A. was in Beijing B. to be in Beijing C. be in Beijing D. in Beijing,he was a child.,he was young,I was in Beijing,B,D,D,Lets practice.,4. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? Dont speak until _. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spok

25、en D. speaking to 5. The exhibition is more interesting than _. A.expected B. expect C. expecting D. to expect 6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET2003) A. seeing B. having C. to have seen D. to see,you are spoken to,it was exp

26、ected.,he was to see,B,A,D,Lets practice.,7.I wonder why you didnt do it as _. Its the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told 8.Once _ during the examination, you will be punished. A. caught cheat B. catching to cheat C. catch cheating D. caught cheating 9.Ask him

27、 to take you home if _. A.is possible B. to be possible C.possible. D. being possible 10. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. I could have received,you were told to,you are caught cheating,it is possible,If I had received,A

28、,D,C,C,Lets practice 2.,1.Why did you take a taxi? I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C. had to D. had to do 2.He is not _his sister,but _ _. A.taller than；stronger B. so tall as；strong C. taller than；is stronger D. as tall as; stronger 3. Im going to dig it up. What _? A. with B. by C. at D.

29、 from 4. Have you been here long? _. A. No，not very B. Not much C. Yes，only little D. No, only yesterday,had to take a taxi,taller than he is stronger than his sister,are you going to dig it up with,No, I have not been here very long,C,A,A,A,Lets practice.,5. What do you think made Mary so upset? _

30、her new bicycle_. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 6. Dont forget to come to my birthday party. _. A.I dont B.I wont C.I dont forget D.I wont forget 7. Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning. _. Ill be as early as a bird. A. OK.I will B. Im afraid I can C. Of course not D. N

31、o，I will,Losing made her so upset,I wont forget to come to your birthday party,OK. I will get up earlier tomorrow morning,C,B,A,Lets practice.,8.Whats the matter with you? I didnt pass the test，but I still _ _. A. hope so B. hope to C. hope it D. hope that 9.I am happy if you _. A. happy B. are C. w

32、ill D. be 10.Are you a film star? _. A.Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D.Im used to,hope to pass the test,are happy,I used to be a film star,B,B,B,Lets practice.,1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.(MNE2002) A.that B. one C. it D. what 2

33、.You have three children，but I have only two _. A. one B. ones C./ D. child 3. Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? Give me _ , please. A. it B. the same C. that D. so,a moment,children,the same black coffee,B,C,B,Lets practice,4 I say it is your turn to be on duty today. _? A. Mine

34、B.I C. Myself D. Me 5. Can you climb that tree，my boy? _? A.I B. Mine C. Myself D. Me 6. Why didnt you do your homework yesterday? But _，sir. A.I did so B.I didnt do it C.I didnt forget D.I did do it I often think of my childhood, during _ I lived on my uncles farm. A. which B. when C. where D. who,

35、Is it my turn to be on duty today,Can I climb that tree,I did do my homework,(my childhood),A,D,D,A,Lets practice.,8. May I help you with some shoes，sir? Yes，Id like to try on those white _. A. one B. ones C. two D. pair 9. Whats the difference between the first house and the second? The first one h

36、as a garage while the second has _. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither 10. Canada has a large area than _ China. A. that of B. the one of C. it of D./,shoes/pairs,no garage,the area of,B,B,(nobody),A,倒装,倒装句的高考考点： 一 全部倒装 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 二 部分倒装 1、Onl

37、y+状语位于句首时 2、否定副词位于句首时 3在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。 4、So Neither Nor 位于句首时 5、as引导的让步状语从句 6、特殊句式,完全倒装： 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。 (1) The birds flew away. Away flew the birds. (2) The rain came down. Down came the rain 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 （1）山脚下有一个美丽的湖。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake

38、 （2）教室外面站着一个男孩。 Outside the classroom stood a boy. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again.,1、Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1000 years. （2006上海春季，34） A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree. C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands 2、Look ove

39、r there. _!（2007年安徽，22） A、Around the corner is walking a policeman. B、Around the corner is a policeman walking. C、Around the corner a policeman is walking. D、Around the corner policemen are walking,部分倒装： 1. Only+状语位于句首时 1）He only found it important to get along with others then. Only then did he fin

40、d it important to get along with others. 2）We can only make great progress in this way. Only in this way can we make great progress.,注意: 当only引导的短语做主语时，主、谓则不发生任何倒装。 只有五个学生能回答这个问题。 Only five students can answer this question. 注意:only后接状语从句时，该从句一定是陈述语序。 He only realizes how nice home is when one is aw

41、ay from home. Only when one is away from home does he realize how nice home is.,高考真题再现： 1、Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A、had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized 2、 Only after my friend came _. A、did the computer repair B、he repaired the computer C、was

42、the computer repaired D、the computer was repaired,2. 否定副词及短语位于句首时。 高考常考的这类词或词语有：not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等 。 我从没见过如此美丽的地方。 I have never seen such a beautiful place Never have I seen such a beautiful place.,1. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no me

43、ans _ with my progress. (2006年重庆，24） A、the teacher is not satisfied B、is the teacher not satisfied C、the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied 2、Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.（2004年辽宁, 26） A、can you find B. you could find C. you can find

44、 D. could you find,3 在省略if的虚拟条件从句中 （1）如果我是你，我会努力学习。 Were I you, I would work hard （2）如果明天下雨的话，我们就延迟会议。 Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. （3）假如他听从了我的建议，他早就 成功了。 Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. If it were not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from

45、this high school Were it not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from this high school.,注意：我们可以说Were it not.或者Had it not been., 但不可以说Weren t it. 或者hadnt it been. 4、so neither nor 位于句首的情况。 （1）So + 助动词 +主语 So + 主语 + 助动词 高考真题再现： 1. -Father, you promised. - Well, _. But it was you who didnt k

46、eep your word first. A、so was I B. so did I C. so I was. D. so I did,（2）Neither 和 Nor 用于否定句，表示“ 也不，也没有”。 Neither Nor +助动词+主语 高考真题再现： (1) -I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. -_! (2004全国卷，32） A、Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I,易错题： 1、I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _, so _ mine. A、does , will B. will, does C. will, would D. does, do 2、-I seldom watch TV, but li