双语客运值班员创伤救护技术课件

LiuzhouRailwayVocationalTechnicalCollege明德砺志求知笃行创伤救护技术Passengertrainpick-upoperation双语客运值班员BILINGUALPASSENGERATTENDANT教学团队TeachingteamYinTian尹天雷莲桂Leiliangui李秀聪Lixiucong周雯Zhouwen目录contents1列车常见创伤（烧烫伤现场应急救护）Commontraintrauma(burnsiteemergencycare)2列车常见创伤（外出血应急救护）Commontraintrauma(externalbleedingemergencycare)1烧烫伤现场应急救护Burnsceneemergencycare创伤救护技术1.迅速脱离致伤源：无论何种原因引起的烧烫伤，现场急救的首要任务就是要立即脱离致伤源，最大限度地阻断致伤源对组织机体的进一步损害。1.Quicklygetridoftheinjurysource:Nomatterwhatthecauseoftheburn,theprimarytaskofon-sitefirstaidistoimmediatelygetridoftheinjurysourceandblockthefurtherdamageoftheinjurysourcetothetissueandbodytothegreatestextent.一旦发生烧烫伤，要及时实施正确的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime创伤救护技术2.尽早冷疗：冷疗即第一时间用自来水（15℃〜25℃）持续冲洗或浸泡烧烫伤处降温直至疼痛缓解。对于中小面积浅度烧烫伤冷疗可以减轻热力对创面的进一步损伤，迅速缓解疼痛，且简单易行，是烧烫伤现场急救非常重要和有效的措施。Earlycoldtherapy:Coldtherapyisthefirsttimewithtapwater(15°C~25°C)continuouslyrinseorsoakburnstocooldownuntilthepainisrelieved.Forsmallandmedium-sizedareasoflightburnburncoldtherapycanreducethefurtherdamageofheattothewound,quicklyrelievepain,andissimpleandeasy,isaveryimportantandeffectivemeasureforburnon-sitefirstaid.一旦发生烧烫伤，要及时实施正确的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime创伤救护技术3.保护创面：I度烧烫伤且创面较小时可涂抹烫伤膏，II度烧烫伤或大的创面，表皮水疱不要刺破，不要在创面上涂任何油脂或药膏，应用清洁、湿润的敷料（如纱布、毛巾、床单等）或保鲜膜覆盖，并进行简单的包扎，以保护创面，防止感染，迅速送医院治疗。Protectthewound:WhenthewoundisburnedwithIdegreeandthewoundissmall,scaldcreamcanbeapplied,theseconddegreeburnorlargewound,theepidermalblistersshouldnotpuncture,donotapplyanygreaseorointmentonthewoundsurface,applyaclean,moistdressing(suchasgauze,towel,sheet,etc.)orplasticwrapcover,andcarryoutasimplebandagetoprotectthewound,preventinfection,andquicklysendittothehospitalfortreatment.一旦发生烧烫伤，要及时实施正确的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime创伤救护技术4.当遇到各种化学烧伤时，如强酸、强碱，则应先用纸巾主动蘸吸，然后立即用大量流动的清水冲洗。Whenencounteringvariouschemicalburns,suchasstrongacidandstrongalkali,youshouldfirstuseapapertoweltoactivelydipandsuck,andthenimmediatelyrinsewithalargeamountofflowingwater.一旦发生烧烫伤，要及时实施正确的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime创伤救护技术少量强酸、强碱烧伤,冲洗时间应在15分钟以上。Asmallamountofstrongacid,strongalkaliburns,theflushingtimeshouldbemorethan15minutes.

大量强酸强碱烧伤，冲洗时间应在20分钟以上，冲洗时将污染的衣物脱去。Alargenumberofstrongacidandalkaliburns,therinsingtimeshouldbemorethan20minutes,andthecontaminatedclothesshouldberemovedwhenrinsing.创伤救护技术若为粉末状强酸强碱，先清除掉再用流动水冲洗。绝不可等到医院再处理，以免使组织受到严重的腐蚀烧伤。Ifitisapowderedstrongacidandalkali,itisremovedfirstandthenrinsedwithrunningwater.Neverwaituntilthehospitaltodealwithit,soasnottocauseseriouscorrosionandburnstothetissue创伤救护技术2.尽早冷疗：冷疗即第一时间用自来水（15℃〜25℃）持续冲洗或浸泡烧烫伤处降温直至疼痛缓解。Earlycoldtherapy:Coldtherapyisthefirsttimewithtapwater(15°C~25°C)continuouslyrinseorsoakburnstocooldownuntilthepainisrelieved.2外出血应急救护Emergencycareforexternalbleeding外出血应急救护注意事项

救护员在为伤员止血时要采取防止感染的措施，如处理伤口前应洗手，尽可能戴医用手套或不透水的塑料手套，戴口罩，必要时戴防护眼镜或防护罩;处理伤口时要保护伤口，防止自身感染和感染扩散；处理伤口后要用肥皂、流动水彻底洗手；如自己的皮肤被划伤，应尽快就医，采取必要的免疫措施。Ambulancepersonnelshouldtakemeasurestopreventinfectionwhenstoppingbleedingforthewounded,suchaswashingtheirhandsbeforetreatingthewound,wearingmedicalglovesorimpermeableplasticglovesasmuchaspossible,wearingmasks,andifnecessarywearingprotectiveglassesorprotectivecovers;Whentreatingwounds,itisnecessarytoprotectthewoundsfromself-infectionandthespreadofinfection;washyourhandsthoroughlywithsoapandrunningwateraftertreatingthewounds;ifyourskinisscratched,youshouldseekmedicalattentionassoonaspossibleandtakenecessaryimmunemeasures.外出血应急救护（一）止血材料常用的材料有无菌敷料、绷带、三角巾、创可贴、止血带，也可用毛巾、手绢、布料、衣物等代替。Commonlyusedmaterialsaresteriledressings,bandages,trianglescarves,Band-Aids,tourniquets,andcanalsobereplacedbytowels,handkerchiefs,fabrics,clothing,etc.外出血应急救护（二）少量出血的处理伤员伤口出血不多时，可做如下处理:1.救护员先洗净双手(最好戴上防护手套)，然后用清水、肥皂把伤员伤口周围洗干净，用干净柔软的纱布或毛巾将伤口周围擦干。Whenthewoundedpersondoesnotbleedmuch,thefollowingtreatmentcanbedone:1.Theambulanceworkerfirstwasheshishands(itisbesttowearprotectivegloves),thenwashesthewoundaroundthewoundwithwaterandsoap,andusescleanandsoftgauzeortoweltodrythewoundaroundthewound.外出血应急救护（二）少量出血的处理2.表面伤口和擦伤应该用干净的水冲洗，最好是用自来水，因为水压有利于冲洗。Surfacewoundsandabrasionsshouldberinsedwithcleanwater,preferablywithtapwater,aswaterpressurefacilitatesflushing.3.用创可贴或干净的纱布、手绢包扎伤口。注意:不要用药棉或有绒毛的布直接覆盖在伤口上。BandagethewoundwithaBand-Aidorcleangauzeorhandkerchief.Note:Donotcoverthewounddirectlywithcottonorafluffycloth.外出血应急救护（二）严重出血的止血方法控制严重的出血，要分秒必争，立即采取止血措施，同时呼叫救护车。Tocontrolseverebleeding,youmustraceagainsttheclock,takeimmediatehemostasismeasures,andcallanambulanceatthesametime.1.直接压迫止血法Directcompressionhemostasis该方法是最直接、快速、有效、安全的止血方法，可用于大部分外出血的止血。Thismethodisthemostdirect,fast,effectiveandsafehemostasismethod,whichcanbeusedformostoftheexternalbleedinghemostasis.(1)救护员快速检查伤员伤口内有无异物，如有表浅小异物可将其取出。(1)Theambulancestaffquicklycheckswhetherthereisaforeignbodyinthewoundoftheinjuredperson,andifthereisasuperficialsmallforeignbody,itcanberemoved.外出血应急救护（二）严重出血的止血方法(2)将干净的纱布块或手帕(或其他干净布料)作为敷料覆盖到伤口上，用手直接压迫止血。注意，必须是持续用力压迫。Coverthewoundwithacleangauzepatchorhandkerchief(orothercleancloth)asadressingandpressdirectlywithyourhandstostopthebleeding.Notethatitmustbepressedwithcontinuousforce.(3)如果敷料被血液湿透，不要更换，再取敷料在原有敷料上覆盖，继续压迫止血，等待救护车到来。Ifthedressingissoakedwithblood,donotreplaceit,thentakethedressingandcoveritontheoriginaldressing,continuetocompressandstopthebleeding,andwaitfortheambulancetoarrive.(1)救护员首先直接压迫止血，压迫伤口的敷料应超过伤口周边至少3