2025版高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Amazingpeople知能演练轻松闯关含解析牛津译林版必修2

PAGE1-Unit3Amazingpeople课时练1阅读理解提速练[学生用书P258(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解A(2024·福州质检)LookatamapofSpainandpointatthecenter.You’lllocatethecountry’scapitalandoneofEurope’smostbeautifulcities:Madrid.Thispopulardestinationisconsideredacityofcontrastswithitsabundanthistoricsites,restingintheshadowsofmodernskyscrapers.HistoryThiscityofover3millionpeopleisproudofWesternEurope’slargestroyalpalace,andsomeconsiderittobeMadrid’smostbeautifulbuilding.InsidetheRoyalPalace2，800roomsaredecoratedinglorywithmuseum­qualityfurnitureandartwork.Touristscantour50oftheselargeandsplendidrooms.ArtTheinternationallyrespectedPradoMuseumisthelargestandmostimpressiveartgalleryinSpain.Foundedin1819,itisfilledwithworksofartthatfeaturetheworld’smostcomprehensivecollectionofSpanishpaintings.ShoppingMadridhassomeofEurope’sbestshoppingmalls,andpotentialbuyerslovetolookthroughthestoreslookingforbargains.Butfor500years,shoppershavegatheredtoanextremelylargeoutdoorfleamarketknownasElRastrowheretheyfindeverythingfromantiquestoCDs.EntertainmentNotriptoMadridiscompletewithoutseeingaperformanceofSpain’sfamousartform,flamenco.Everyday,flamencoperformerssing,danceorplaytheguitarinsmallcafesandgrandtheatersalike.FoodMadridhasawidevarietyofrestaurants,butbecausetheSpanishtypicallyeatlateatabout9or10p．m.,it’sdifficulttofindgooddinnerfoodearlier.Ifyougethungrybeforethen,thebestsolutionistotryatapasbarwherelightsnacksareserved.Besuretotrythejamon,dry­curedham—Spainisfamousforit.TimeforabreakAfteradayoftouring,relaxin350­acreRetiroParkwithitsbeautifulgardens,fishpondandlake.Itistheperfectplacetoreflectonallyou’veenjoyedinthisimpressiveSpanishcity.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙首都马德里。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheRoyalPalace?A．Ithas50roomsforvisit.B．Itcanhold2，800people.C．It’sbeenvisitedby3millionpeople.D．ItisthoughttobethelargestinEurope.A解析：细微环节理解题。依据History部分中的“Touristscantour50oftheselargeandsplendidrooms.”可知，游客可以巡游这些宏大而辉煌的房间中的50间，故答案为A选项。2．Whatkindofmarketis“ElRastro”？A．Fordiscount.B．Forartworks.C．Tosellvariousgoods.D．TosellantiquesandCDs.C解析：推理推断题。依据Shopping部分中的其次句可知，在ElRastro这个户外的跳蚤市场上，购物者可以找到古董到CD之类的全部的东西，C选项中的“sellvariousgoods”和文中的“findeverythingfromantiquestoCDs”相对应，故答案为C选项。3．WhatisamustwhenpeoplearetravellinginMadrid?A．Enjoyingflamenco.B．Havingdinnerearlier.C．RelaxinginRetiroPark.D．Drinkinginatapasbar.A解析：推理推断题。依据Entertainment部分中的“NotriptoMadridiscompletewithoutseeingaperformanceofSpain’sfamousartform,flamenco.”可知，到马德里没有看西班牙的闻名艺术形式flamenco的表演，旅行是不完整的，因此答案为A选项。B(2024·洛阳、许昌高三第一次质检)Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths.Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople’sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonourwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist:Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnotonlyself－disciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经验明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培育的。4．Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?A．Wildlife. B．Music.C．Languages. D．Literature.A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。5．Whycan’ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?A．Hedidn’tlivewiththemforlong.B．Thefamilywasextremelylarge.C．Hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.D．Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.C解析：推理推断题。依据第三段最终一句可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对四周的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段其次句中的“Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld”呼应，故选C。6．Accordingtotheauthor,whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?A．Beingknowledgeable.B．Beingself－disciplined.C．Beingfullofambition.D．Beingfullofenthusiasm.D解析：推理推断题。依据第四段前两句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations”可知，作者从小酷爱自然界，而且这种热忱使作者做了许多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充溢热忱，故选D。7．Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascientist?A．Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.B．Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.C．Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway.D．Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople’sobservations.A解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第一句可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素养，故选A。C(2024·湖南高三六校联考)IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe’rebothbetteroffasaresult—sogoestheprincipleofreciprocity.Ashumans,wearefamiliarwiththeconcept,whetheritisbybuyingroundsofdrinksorexpellingdiplomats.Butdoanimalsalsohelpthosewhohelpthem?Theanswermaybeyes.ApaperbyDolivoandTaborskyshowsthatNorwayratswillonlygiveasgoodastheyget.Intheirlaboratory,DolivoandTaborskyfirsttrainedratstopullastickthatprovidedafooditemwithinthereachofaratinaneighboringcageseparatedfromthembywiremesh(铁丝网)．Theythenintroducedafurthertreatmentinwhichanexperimentalratwasplacedinacagewithothercagedratsoneitherside.Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.Inthefollowingtrialsthefocalrat(theoneinthecentralcage)hadtheopportunitytorepaytheotherratsusingthesamesticktooltodeliverfooditems.Now,theratshadtypicallyturnedtheirnosesupatthecarrotandshowedastrongpreferenceforthemoredesirablebanana.Onthebasisthatthebanana－providingratshouldbethereforerememberedasthesuperiorpartner,theauthorspredictedthatinthetestphase(阶段)thefocalratwouldmorereadilyprovidehelpforbanana－offeringratsthanforcarrot－offeringrats.Thisprovedtobethecase:theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards—itseemedthattheywerebehavingreciprocally.DolivoandTaborsky’sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat,andadjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.Itisapparentthatweshouldn’tundervaluetheabilityofanimalstoengageinreciprocity.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做试验得出结论的过程。试验的结果告知人们，我们不应当低估动物的互惠实力。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocity”probablyreferto?A．Theactofbeingkindtootherpeople.B．Acooperativeexchangeoffavors.C．Apositiveattitudetoeverything.D．Thequalityofbeinggenerous.B解析：词义揣测题。依据第一段第一句中的“IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe’rebothbetteroffasaresult”可知，假如两个人相互抓背，则两个人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”，故B项正确。9．Whatwouldhappenifaratpulledthestick?A．Itwouldfindsomefoodinitsowncage.B．Otherratswouldbeabletoenteritscage.C．Anotherratinanothercagewouldgetfood.D．Itwouldbeabletoenteraneighboringcage.C解析：推理推断题。依据其次段的内容和第三段尾句“Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces”可推知，假如一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。10．Whichgotmorebenefitfromthefocalrat?A．Theratsthatpreferredcarrotpieces.B．Theratsthatpreferredbananapieces.C．Theratsthathadprovidedcarrotpieces.D．Theratsthathadprovidedbananapieces.D解析：细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的内容尤其是“theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards”可知，供应香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报，故D项正确。11．WhichofthefollowingmightDolivoandTaborskyagreewith?A．Someanimalsmayreturnothers’help.B．Norwayratshaveverypoormemories.C．Itishardtoexplaintheabilityofanimals.D．Rats’behaviorisveryuncommon.A解析：推理推断题。依据尾段第一句可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的试验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁供应的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类；由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象，故A项正确。D(2024·新疆维吾尔自治区第一次适应性检测)Super­stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesyearsago.Thewind­drivenwatercausedalotofflooding,especiallyintheregion’ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone,Super­stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood­watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通风栅).Thosemetalgrillesusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood,engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(胶合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures,whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney,too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent,lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt­in,adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning,onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown,thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper­prooffeatures,whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon’tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey,itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈攻击美国东部，造成了洪水灾难，当地的地铁被洪水沉没。为防止地铁再次被洪水沉没，两位少年独创了一种装置。12．What’sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D解析：段落大意题。依据其次段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水沉没地铁的缘由：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。13．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens’newinvention?A．Costly. B．Time­saving.C．Practical. D．Conventional.C解析：推理推断题。依据文章最终一段第一、其次句可知他们运用的栅栏和现在运用的栅栏大小一样，所以很简单就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最终一段最终两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很便利。故选C。14．What’sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper­prooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻挡操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常状况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。15．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述了两位少年独创了一种成本较低、好用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应当属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五(2024·桂林、百色、崇左联考)Testanxietycanbearealproblemifyou’resostressedoutoveratestthatyoucan’tgetpastthenervousnesstofocusonthetestquestionsanddoyourbestwork.Feelingreadytomeetthechallengecankeeptestanxietyatamanageablelevel.Beprepared.Somestudentsthinkthatgoingtoclassisallittakestodowellontests.1.________Youwillfindyourtestanxietyeaseswhenyoustarttostudymoreregularly.Thereasonisthatthemoreyouknowthematerial,themoreconfidentyou’llfeel.Havingconfidencegoingintoatestmeansyouexpecttodowell.Watchwhatyou’rethinking.Ifexpectingtodowellonatestcanhelpyourelax,whataboutifyouexpectyouwon’tdowell.2.________Theycancontributetoyouranxiety.Ifyoufindyourselfhavingthesethoughts,replacethemwithpositiveones.Notunrealisticpositivemessages,ofcourse,butonesthatarepracticalandtrue.Acceptmistakes.Anotherthingyoucandoistolearntokeepmistakesinview—especiallyifyouareaperfectionistoryoutendtobehardonyourself.Everyonemakesmistakes,andyoumayhaveheardteachersrefertomistakesaslearningopportunities.3.________4．________Ifsittingforatestgetsyousostressedoutthatyourmindgoesblankandcausesyoutomissanswersthatyouknow,thenyourleveloftestanxietyprobablyneedssomeattention.Yourteacheroryourschoolguidancecounsellor(顾问)canbegoodpeopletotalkto.Takecareofyourself.Forsomepeople,thismightmeanlearningasimplebreathingexercise.Practicebreathingexerciseregularlywhenyoufeelstressed.5.________Thenyoucancalmyourselfdownandgetcentered.A．Askforhelp.B．Learntopraiseyourself.C．Thishelpsyourbodyreceiveasignaltorelax.D．Butgoodstudyhabitsandskillsaremoreimportant.E．Soit’stimetoregardsmallfailuresasvaluableexperiences.F．Thenyouwillbecomemoreinterestedinaskingquestions.G．Youmaysendyourselfsomenegativemessagesaboutthetest.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，具体介绍了缓解考试焦虑的五个方法。1．D解析：依据空处前一句可知，一些学生认为去上课就能考好试；依据空处后一句可知，当你起先更有规律地学习时，你会发觉你的考试焦虑减轻了。依据语境可知，空处前后为转折关系，空处说明“但是良好的学习习惯和技能更为重要”，故D项与此处匹配。2．G解析：依据空处前一句可知，假如期望在考试中表现精彩可以帮助你放松，那假如想到自己考得不好呢？结合空后一句可知，空处表示对于考试，你可能向自己发送了消极的信息，故G项符合语境。3．E解析：依据该段第一句“Acceptmistakes.”可知，该段主要讲解并描述了“要接受错误”的观点，再结合空前的“refertomistakesaslearningopportunities”可知，要将失败作为珍贵的经验，故E项符合语境。4．A解析：依据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；依据该段尾句可知，在考试焦虑过大时可以寻求帮助。据此可知，该段主要讲“寻求帮助”，故A项符合语境。5．C解析：依据空处前一句可知，当你感到有压力时，可以进行呼吸练习。结合常识可知，呼吸练习有助于身体放松，故C项符合语境。课时练2学问运用板块练[学生用书P261(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)完形填空(2024·昆明高三摸底测试)Mrs.Hudsonwalkedintotheclassroomwithagirllimping(瘸着走)behindher.Sheintroduced，“ThisisMargaret.ShejustmovedherefromFlorida.Let’s_1__her.”Theteacherguidedher_2__toafrontseat,thenbentoverand_3__somethinginherear.Finishingexplainingthemathproblems,Mrs.Hudson_4__，“Breaktime.Seeyouintenminutes.”Boys_5__first.“Today,let’smeetatthefarendofthesidewalk.Andmakesurethenewgirldoesn’tfollowus！”Isaid.Afterawhile,Icamebacktothe_6__.IwantedtofindoutifMrs.Hudsonlikedmybookreport.Withherusualbigsmile,shebegan，“Jack,youareagood_7__．”Shiftingmyweightfromonefoottotheother,Iwasalittle_8__thatMrs.Hudsonlikedmesomuch.Her_9__letmeknowhowmuchsheappreciatedhavingmearound.Myteacher_10__inherquietvoice.“That’s_11__IamsureyouwillinviteMargarettoplaywithyoutoday.”Her_12__wordssoundedlikefrozenknivesaimingatmyheart.Couldshe_13__suspectwhatwehadbeensayingaboutMargaret?Couldsheknowhow_14__Iwas?ThenImanagedto_15__Margaretinourgroup.Whilemanyschoolmemorieshave_16__overtheyears,the_17__Mrs.Hudsontaughtmehasstayedwithme.Mrs.Hudsongentlyguidedme,_18__metodotherightthing.Shebelievedinme,and_19__whatshedid,Irosetothelevelofher_20__，bothforMargaretlongagoandevenlaterinmychoiceofcareer.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Hudson夫人是作者的老师。一天，她带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，包括作者在内的几个男孩取笑这个女孩。而Hudson夫人用激励、爱心和才智教化了作者，启迪了他的心灵，作者从今不再孤立那个女孩。这段经验对作者的一生产生了很大的影响。1．A.welcome B．introduceC．recommend D．followA解析：上文讲到Hudson夫人带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，将这个女孩介绍给班里的孩子们，让大家“欢迎”她，所以选A。welcome“欢迎”；introduce“介绍”；recommend“举荐”；follow“跟随”。2．A.casually B．gentlyC．nervously D．hurriedlyB解析：上文讲到女孩走路一瘸一拐，接着说Hudson夫人“缓缓地”将女孩带到了前排的一个座位，所以选B。casually“随意地”；gently“温顺地，缓缓地”；nervously“惊慌地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。3．A.spread B．deliveredC．repeated D．whisperedD解析：Hudson夫人先是将女孩带到了前排的一个座位上，接着弯下腰来在她的耳边“小声说话”，所以选D。spread“传播”；deliver“递送，发表(演讲)，接生”；repeat“重复”；whisper“小声说”。4．A.cried B．sighedC．announced D．agreedC解析：Hudson夫人讲完数学题后，“宣布”该休息了，所以选C。cry“喊叫，哭”；sigh“叹气”；announce“宣布”；agree“同意”。5．A.lookedout B．racedoutC．turnedup D．gaveupB解析：依据上文可知，老师宣布了下课，依据常识可推知，下课后，男孩们先“跑了出去”，故racedout符合语境。lookout“朝外看”；turnup“出现，露面，调高(音量等)”；giveup“放弃”。6．A.school B．officeC．classroom D．platformC解析：上文提到男孩们跑了出去，所以过了一会儿，作者应当是回到了“教室”。school“学校”；office“办公室”；classroom“教室”；platform“平台，月台，讲台”。7．A.guard B．colleagueC．person D．speakerC解析：Hudson夫人对作者说，“Jack，你是一个好人”，她是用表扬的方法来促使作者转变自己的做法，使作者友善对待新来的女生。guard“卫兵”；colleague“同事”；person“人”；speaker“说话者”。8．A.embarrassed B．satisfiedC．convinced D．worriedA解析：作者取笑新来的女孩，Hudson夫人却说他是一个好人，这让作者感到有点“尴尬”，所以选A。embarrassed“尴尬的”；satisfied“满足的，满足的”；convinced“确信的”；worried“担忧的”。9．A.answer B．explanationC．comment D．predictionC解析：Hudson夫人对作者的正面“评价”(说作者是个好人)让作者知道了老师是特别喜爱他在身边的。answer“回答，答案”；explanation“说明，说明”；comment“评论，评述”；prediction“预料，预言”。10．A.begged B．repliedC．urged D．continuedD解析：上文讲到，Hudson夫人说作者是一个好人，然后“接着说”，“这就是我确信你今日会邀请Margaret一起玩的缘由。”beg“祈求”；reply“回答”；urge“敦促”；continue“接着说”。11．A.why B．howC．when D．whereA解析：参见上题解析。why“为什么”；how“如何，怎样”；when“何时”；where“哪里”。12．A.doubtful B．confidentC．honest D．comfortableB解析：她“确定的”话犹如冰冷的刀子直指向作者的心，所以选B。doubtful“怀疑的”；confident“自信的，确定的”；honest“诚恳的”；comfortable“舒适的”。13．A.necessarily B．regularlyC．hardly D．possiblyD解析：上文提到作者孤立新同学，但老师却说他是个好人，所以作者心中怀疑：她“有可能”会猜到我们都说Margaret什么吗？她知道我有多令人厌烦吗？necessarily“必要地，必定地”；regularly“常常，定期地，有规律地”；hardly“几乎不”；possibly“可能”。14．A.greedy B．smartC．awful D．outgoingC解析：参见上题解析。greedy“贪欲的”；smart“聪慧的，机智的”；awful“糟糕的，极坏的”；outgoing“外向的，友好的”。15．A.refuse B．praiseC．separate D．includeD解析：之后，作者设法让Margaret“加入”到了他们的团体中。refuse“拒绝”；praise“表扬，赞美”；separate“使分别，使分开”；include“包含，包括，列入”。16．A.faded B．existedC．remained D．refreshedA解析：多年过去了，许多学校的回忆“渐渐消逝”，但Hudson夫人给作者的教训却始终伴随着他。fade“渐渐消逝，褪色”；exist“存在”；remain“接着存在”；refresh“复原精神”。17．A.process B．principleC．secret D．lessonD解析：参见上题解析。process“进程”；principle“原则”；secret“隐私”；lesson“课，教训”。18．A.forcing B．challengingC．permitting D．orderingB解析：Hudson夫人温顺地引导作者，“激励”他去做正确的事情。force“强迫，逼迫”；challenge“激励，要求”；permit“允许”；order“吩咐”。19．A.becauseof B．regardlessofC．inspiteof D．intermsofA解析：作者的老师信任他，“由于”老师所做的一切，作者达到了老师的期望，所以选A。becauseof“因为，由于”；regardlessof“不顾，不管”；inspiteof“尽管”；intermsof“依据，在……方面，以……的措辞”。20．A.beliefs B．expectationsC．success D．standardB解析：参见上题解析。belief“信仰，信条”；expectation“希望，期望”；success“胜利”；standard“标准，水平”。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)语法填空Startinganewschooltermisalwaysexciting.Itisachance1.__________(see)yourfriendsagain.Butmostexcitingofall,thenewtermletsyoutakeupnewhobbies.InBritainitiscommonforstudentstotakeupnewhobbiesaftertheChristmasholidays.PromisingtolearnsomethingnewisacommonNewYear’sresolution.Mostschoolsofferdifferentkinds2.____________hobbyclasses.Students3.____________(usual)takethemintheirfreeperiodsorafterschool.Someclassesyouhavetopayforbutsome4.____________(be)free.Forexample,IoncetookafreeWednesdayeveninggymnasticsclass5.____________isofferedbymyschool.ButwhenIlearnthowtoplaythedrum,myparentshadtopayforthelessons.Themostpopularextraclassesatmyschoolwerepianolessonsanddramalessons.Bothclassesofferedexamsstudentscouldtake.Studentswithmanyhobbiessometimesfeltmorestressed6.____________thosewithoutany.Butthestudentswithhobbiesleftschoolwithmanyextra7.____________(skill)．Ihaven’tcontinuedanyofthehobbiesI8.__________(begin)atschool.ButIhaveneverregrettedtaking9.____________(they).My10.____________(good)friendtodayissomeoneImetinmygymnasticsclass.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的爱好班。英国的学生可以参与爱好班，其中有收费的，也有免费的。在爱好班，你可以相识许多挚友。1．tosee解析：考查形式主语。分析该句结构可知，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。2．of解析：考查介词。differentkindsof为固定搭配，意为“各种不同种类的”。3．usually解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，故用usual的副词形式usually。4．are解析：考查动词时态和主谓一样。依据but前的have可知，应用一般现在时；该句中的some指someclasses，故用复数形式are。5．that/which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为class，在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。6．than解析：考查比较级。依据该句中的“morestressed”可以推断，该句运用“比较级＋than”的结构。故填than。7．skills解析：考查名词的数。依据空前的many可知，空处应用复数。8．began解析：考查动词的时态。依据语境可知，begin这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。9．them解析：考查代词。依据语境可知，空处指代上句的“hobbies”，故用them。10．best解析：考查形容词的最高级。依据语境可知，我最好的挚友是在体操班相识的，故用good的最高级best。课时练3语法写作增分练[学生用书P262(单独成册)]第三部分语言学问运用(共两节，满分45分)其次节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2024·南昌模拟)IwanttotalkaboutMissSmith,ahistoryteacherIhadatsecondaryschool61.____________Iwasabout15.MostoftheteachersIhadwereOK,62.____________theygavethefeelingthatitwasjustajob.ItseemedthatMissSmithreally63.____________(love)bothhistoryandteachingit.Oneofthe64.____________(good)thingsaboutherlessonswasthatwedidn’talwayshavetostudyinanordinaryway.Forexample,ratherthanwriteanarticleforhomework,usuallywewereallowed65.____________(work)withafriendtowriteanimaginarydialoguebetweentwohistorical66.____________(figure).Thenwecouldperformitfortheclass.IthinkMissSmithinfluencedmeintwoimportantways.Firstly,shemademe67.____________(interest)inhistory.NowIstillreadbooksonhistoryandwatchTVprogramsaboutitwhenIgetthechance.68.____________(second),sheshowedmehowateachercanusethestudents’owncreativitytohelpthemlearn.Instead69.____________justbeingakindofaudienceforlessons,wewereinvolvedin70.____________(decide)whathappenedinthelessons.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师别出心裁，总是让课堂充溢乐趣，并布置学生喜爱的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。61．when解析：考查连词。依据语境可知，Smith老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师；分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。62．but解析：考查连词。依据空格前的“wereOK”及下文中的“itwasjustajob”可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作，空格前后表示转折。故填but。63．loved解析：考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。64．best解析：考查形容词的最高级。“Oneof＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”意为“……中最……的一个”。依据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。65．towork解析：考查非谓语动词。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填towork.66．figures解析：考查名词复数。依据空格前的“two”可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填figures。67．interested解析：考查词性转换。“makesb.＋形容词”意为“使某人……”，此处指使作者对历史感爱好。故填interested。68．Secondly解析：考查词性转换。依据上文中的“Firstly”可知，此处应填Secondly。留意首字母大写。69．of解析：考查介词。insteadof意为“代替，而不是”。故填of。70．deciding解析：考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动名词形式。故填deciding。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2024·洛阳尖子生联考)WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.Seetheimagesoficemeltingandthepolarbearshabitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Ibegintorealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecansavetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheimmediateagreedtogetit.Besides,shegotformeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwastepapersandplasticbo