考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷588

考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷588

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共25题，每题

分,共25分。)

|A]Thesorioffaultythinkingcalledmotivatedreasoningalsoblocksoursearchfortruth

butadvancesarguments.Forinstance,wetendtolookharderforflawsinasiudywhen

wedon'tagreewithitsconclusionsandaremorecriticalofevidencethatunderminesour

pointofview.SobirthersdismissevidenceofferedbyHawaiianofficialsthatObama's

birthcertificateisreal,anddeath-penaltyfoesareadeptatfindingflawsinstudiesthat

concludecapitalpunishmentdeterscrime.Whilemotivatedreasoningmaycloudour

viewofrealityandkeepusfromobjectivelyassessingevidence,Merciersays,byletting

ustoacceptflaws(realornotjinthatevidenceitpreparesustomountadestroying

strategyinarguments.[B]Anothcrformofflawedreasoningshowsupinlogicpuzzles.

Considerthesyllogism"NoCareB;allBarcA;thereforesomeAarcnotC.MIsittrue?

Fewerthan10percentofusfigureoutthatitis.Onereasonisthattoevaluateitsvalidity

requiresconstructingcounterexamples(findinganAthatisaC,fbrinstance).Butfinding

counterexamplescan,ingeneral,inventourconfidenceinourownarguments.

ICJWomenarebaddrivers,Saddamplotted9-11,ObamawasnotbominAmerica,and

Iraqhadweaponsofmassdestruction:tobelieveanyoftheserequiresstoppingsomeof

ourcritical-thinkingfacultiesandsuccumbinginstead(othekindofirrationalitythat

drives(helogicallymindedcrazy.Ithelps,forinstance,touseconfirmationbias.Italso

helpsnottotestyourbeliefsagainstempiricaldata;nottosubjectbeliefstothe

plausibilitytest;andtobeguidedbyemotion,[D]Eventhesunk-costfallacy,whichhas

trippedupeveryonefromsupportersofalosingwartoalosingstock,reflectsreasoning

thatturnsitsbackonlogicbutwinsargumentsbecausetheemotionsitappealstoare

universal.IfMercierisright,thesunk-costfallacy,confirmationbias,andtheotherforms

ofirrationalitywillbewithusaslongashumansliketoargue.Thatis,forever.[E]An

ideasweepingthroughtheranksofphilosophersandcognitivescientistssuggestswhy

thisisso.Thereasonwesuccumbtoconfirmationbias,whyweareblindto

counterexamples,andwhywefallshortofCartesianlogicinsomanyotherwaysisthat

theseoversightshaveapurpose:theyhelpus"inventandevaluateargumentsthatare

intendedtopersuadeotherpeople."sayspsychologistHugoMercieroftheUniversityof

Pennsylvania.Failuresoflogic,hepropose,areinfacteffectivearmstowinarguments.

Thatputspoorreasoninginacompletelydifferentlight.Arguing,afterall,islessabout

seekingtruth(hanaboutovercomingopposingviews.Sowhileconfirmationbias,fbr

instance,maymisleadusaboutwhat'strueandreal,bylettingexamplesthatsupportour

viewmonopolizeourmemoryandperception,itmaximizesthearmsweusewhentrying

toconvincesomeonethat,say,hereallyis"lateallthetime."[F]Formsofreasoningthat

aregoodfbrsolvingproblemsandwinningargumentsloseout,overthecourseof

evolution.Infact,rationalityreferstothesuccessofgoalattainment,whateverthose

goalsmaybe.Sometimes,rationalityisequatedwithbehaviorthatisself-interestedtothe

pointofbeingselfish.Sometimesrationalityimplieshavingcompleteknowledgeabout

allthedetailsofagivensituation.［G］Thcfactthathumansaresubjecttoallthesefailures

ofrationalthoughtseemstomakenosense.Reasonissupposedtohethehighest

achievementofthehumanmind,and(heroutetoknowledgeandwisedecisions.Butas

psychologistshavebeendocumentingsincethe1960s,humansarereally,reallybadat

reasoning.It'snotjustthatwefollowouremotionssooften,incontextsfromvotingto

ethics.No,evenwhenweintendtodeploythefullforceofourrationalfaculties,we

oftenfailed.Order:I「L.PIA］_］卜囚|

1、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章的首段应该是引出问题或提出某种现象，从而进行下一步分析。

［C］首先用几个例子引出问题：这几个事情使我们屈从于邪理性，符合文章的行文

顺序，可以作为备选答案。出］第一句指出：另一种逻辑的失误表现在逻辑游戏

上，可见，上文已经提到了一种逻辑的失误，因此排除［B］；［D］的首句指出：即便

是沉没成本谬论……表示让步，说明上文有内容，可排除［D］；［E］首句指出：在心

理学家和认知科学家中间普遍流行的一种观点解释了其中的原因(whythisisso),可

以看出上文必然提到了this指的是什么，因此可以排除［E］；［F］首句提到：说理的

形式……，在下文并没有细举说理的形式，而是一直在定义理性(rationality),因此

必然有在上文提及，因此可排除［F］：［G］项首旬提到：人们总是受制于所有这些

(mese)理性思维失误，可见，上文必然提到了有哪些失误，因此可以排除［G］。分

析所有选项后可以得知，［C］应该是本文的首段。

2、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：文章首段，即［C］项提出现象：要相信任何上述事情都需要暂停我们

的某些理性的思考，转而向非理性低头，这让我们理性的大脑疯狂，可.知下文必然

会就理性与非理性进行探讨，而［C］项最后一句中的Ithelps中的it指代的是非理

性，因此可以判断下文应该主要讨论非理性。［G］项首句市的failuresofrational

thought指的就是非理性，并且［G］项进一步提出了问题：humansarebadat

reasoning»因此可以作为名选答案。［B］项首句提到Anotherformofflawedrcason-

ing,而［C］项并没有说明一种flawedreasoning的形式,因此可以排除;［D］项提到

了非理性思考有利于争辩，也和［C］项不相符，可以排除；［E］项首句提到：在心理

学家和认知科学家中间普遍流行的一种观点解释了其中的原因，这似乎也和上文能

衔接上，但是［E］项第二句指出其原因是我们作为人类缺乏逻辑的原因，与［C］的意

思不衔接；［F］项首句提到Formsofreasoning,后面却■直在定义理性

(rationality),这也和［C］项无法合理连接，可排除。因此可知答案为［G］。

3、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：［G］项提出问题：人类不善于理性思考，即便我们有意愿充分发挥我

们的理性思考的能力，也总是失败。因此下文应该是针对这个问题的分析。综观其

余的几个选项，只有［E］项符合逻辑，［E］项首句提到：在心理学家和认知科学家中

间普遍流行的一种观点解释了其中的原因(whythisisso),这个原因就是指人类不善

于理性思考的原因，因此［E］项为答案。［B］项首句提到Anotherformofflawed

reasoning,而［G］项并没有说明一种flawedreasoning的形式，因此可以排除；同

样，［D］项也提到了非理性思考有利于争辩，而上文的［G］项并未提到，因此可以排

除；［F］项首句提到了Formsofreasoning,而后面一直在定义理性(ralionalily),这

和［G］项也无法衔接，故排除。

4、

标准答案：B

知识点解析；［E］项后面指出；证实性偏见(confirmationbias)会误导我们的是非观

念，它使得那些支持我们观点的例子独占我们的记忆和视野，而前一句提到了

poorreasoning,可见，证实性偏见属于一种形式的poorreasoning,综观剩下的选

项，［B］项首句提到Anotherformofflawedreasoning,其口poorreasoning和flawed

reasoning属于同义替换，因此［B］项应该在［E］项之后。

5、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：上文提到有一种被称作动机性推理的错误思考同样阻碍着我们寻求真

理，但是却促进「争辩，并且举例进行说明。在剩下的［D］项和［F］项中，［D］项讨论

的是理性思考背离逻楫但是赢得了争辩，和上文可以顺利衔接，并且最后指出：只

要人类还愿意争辩，沉没成本谬论、证实性偏见以及其他形式的非理性思考会一直

伴随着人类，直到永远。也符合文章的结尾，因此［D］项正确。［F］项提到Formsof

reasoning,但是后面一直在定义理性(raHonalily),因此可以排除。

Atthispoint,mostofusgenerallyhaveaclueaboutthebasicsofstayingingood

health-eatwell,exercise,don'tdrinktoomuchanddon'tsmoke.Andplentyofresearch

hasbeendedicatedtoexploringhowfailingonanyofthosefronts,orevenmorethanone

atatime,canbedetrimentaltooverallhealth.Yet,formanypeople,thosebadhabits

haveawayofaccumulating.And,ac-cordingtoanewstudypublished(hisweekinthe

ArchivesofInternalMedicine,theircumulativeimpactcanbeprettygrim.Inananalysis

ofnearly5,000adultstrackedfortwodecades,researchersfoundthatstackingupthese

fburbadhabitscanworktogethertoprematurelyageyoubyasmuchas12years.

Lookedatindependently,theriskybehaviorsincludedsmoking,asedentarylifestyle,

littleconsumptionoffruitandvegetablesandregulardrinking—anaverageofthree

drinksperdayfbrmen,ortwofbrwomen.Whencomparedtopeoplewhohadthemost

healthyhabits—thosewhoneversmoked,exercisedatleasttwohoursperweek,ate

plentyoffruitsandvegetablesanddidn'tdrinkatall,ordrankmoremoderately,those

withallfourbadhabitshadanincreasedriskofdeathequivalenttobeing12yearsolder.

Infact,thestudyauthorssaythatcomparedwithpracticingnoneofthesebadhabits,the

combinedeffectofallfburbehaviorstripledorevenquadrupledtheriskofdeath.Asthe

AssociatedPresspointsout:Overall,314peoplestudiedhadallfourunhealthybehaviors.

Amongthem.91diedduringthestudy,or29percent.Amongthe387healthiestpeople

withnoneofthefburhabits,only32died,orabout8percent.Ofcourse,whilethese

C、besimplecommonsenses

D^makeuslivelonger

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。从文章最后一句Dr.WalterWillett写给时代杂志的话看

来，他认为健康的生活方式将有助于人们享受长寿，所以D项正确。

10^Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

A^Maintainingexerciseswillincreaseourchancesoflivingtoanoldage.

B、Theideaofcombinedeffectsofharmfulbehaviorsisnewtothepublic.

C、Drinkingwillbedetrimentaltopeople'soverallhealthjustassmoking.

D^Avoidingcertainbehaviorswillimprovepeople'soverallphysicalcondition.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。原文最后一段第三句提到“改善人们健康状况的简单且

常识性的措施值得提倡“。也即避免不良行为习惯会改善人的健康状况，D项的表

述与原文意思一致，故为答案。

ThomasHardy'simpulsesasawriter,allofwhichheindulgedinhisnovels,were

numerousanddivergent,andtheydidnotalwaysworktogetherinharmony.Hardywas

tosomedegreeinterestedinexploringhischaracters'psychologies,thoughimpelledless

bycuriositythanbysympathy.Occasionallyhefelttheimpulsetocomedy(inallits

detachedcoldness)aswellastheimpulsetofarce,buthewasmoreofteninclinedtosee

tragedyandrecordit.Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealismintheseveralsensesofthat

phrase.Hewantedtodescribeordinaryhumanbeings;hewantedtospeculateontheir

dilemmasrationally(and,unfortunately,evenschematically);andhewantedtorecord

preciselythematerialuniverse.Finally,hewantedtohemorethanarealist.Hewantedto

transcendwhatheconsideredtobethebanalityofsolelyrecordingthingsexactlyandto

expressaswellhisawarenessoftheoccultandthestrange.Inhisnovelsthesevarious

impulsesweresacrificedtoeachotherinevitablyandoften.Inevitably,becauseHardy

didnotcareinthewaythatnovelistssuchasFlaubertorJamescared,andthereforetook

pathsofleastresistance.Thus,oneimpulseoftensurrenderedtoafresheroneand

unfortunately,insteadofexaclingacompromise,simplydisappeared.Adesiretothrow

overrealityalightthatneverwasmightgivewayabruptlytothedesireonthepartof

whatwcmightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcretelythestructure

andtextureofaflower.Inthisinstance,thenewimpulsewasatleastanenergeticone,

andthusitsindulgencedidnotresultinarelaxedstyle.ButonotheroccasionsHardy

abandonedaperilous,risky,andhighlyenergizingimpulseinfavorofwhatwasforhim

thefatallyrelaxingimpulsetoclassifyandschematizeabstractly.Whenarelaxing

impulsewasindulged,thestyle—thatsureindexofanauthor'sliteraryworth—was

certaintobecomeverbose.Hardy'sweaknessderivedfromhisapparentinabilityto

controlthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnessto

cultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.Hesubmittedtofirstoneandthen

another,andthespiritblewwhereitlisted;hencetheunevennessofanyoneofhis

novels.Hismostcontrollednovel,UndertheGreenwoodTree,prominentlyexhibitstwo

differentbutreconcilableimpulses—adesiretobearealist-historianandadesiretobea

psychologistoflove—bu(theslightinterlockingofplotarenotenoughtobind(hetwo

completelytogether.Thuseventhisbooksplitsintotwodistinctparts.

11、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor(hetext?

A、UndertheGreenwoodTree:Hardy'sAmbiguousTriumph

B、TheRealandtheStrange:TheNovelist'sShiftingRealms

C^EnergyVersusRepose:TheRoleofOrdinaryPeopleinHardy'sFiction

D、Hardy'sNovclisticImpulses:TheProblemofControl

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。文章第一段点出托马斯.哈代的创作冲动多样且不同，但却

未能将这些冲动和谐地融入到其作品中。第二、三、四段列举托马斯.哈代创作的

不同冲动，及其在作品中不和谐的表现。最后，第五段总结其原因为缺乏控制。不

难看出，本文着重论述哈代的创作冲动和他的主要问题：不能控制这些冲动。故选

［D］o

12、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutliteraryrealism?

A、Literaryrealismismostconcernedwith(heexplorationoftheinternallifeof

ordinaryhumanbeings.

B、ThetermMliteraryrealism"issusceptibletomorethanasingledefinition.

C、Literalrealismandaninterestinpsychologyarelikelytobeatoddsinanovelist's

work.

D、Literaryrealismisthetermmostoftenusedbycriticsindescribing(hemethodof

Hardy'snovels.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据笫二段第二句Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealismin

(heseveralsensesofthatphrase.可知，现实主义包括多个意义，故选|B］。这句之

后，作者列举了托马斯.哈代作品中表现现实主义的多个方面，而［A］只是其中之

一；［0、［D］在文章中并没有提到。

13、Theauthorofthetextconsidersawriter'sstyletobe.

A、areliablemeansbywhichtomeasurethewriter'sliterarymerit

B、mostapparentinthosepartsofthewriter'sworkthatarcnotrealistic

C、problematicwhenthewriterattemptstofollowperilousorriskyimpulses

D、shapedprimarilybythewriter'sdesiretoclassifyandschematize

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。第匹段第三句Whenarelaxingimpulsewasindulged,the

style—thatsureindexofanauthor'sliteraryworth——wascertain(obecomeverbose.对

•个作家的风格做了明确的解释，即衡量其文学品格、价值的指标。由此可知［A］

正确。

14、Whichofthefollowingcanbestbetheauthor'sattitudetowardstheworksof

ThomasHardy?

A、Totallypositive.

B、Objectiveandcritical.

C、Totallynegative.

D^Highlycritical.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：态度题。通读全文可以看出，作者很客观地评述了托马斯・哈代的创

作冲动对其作品风格的影响，但同时又对他不能控制好那些穿梭往来不尽相同的创

作冲动提出了批评，这种缺陷使哈代的小说显得参差不齐，高低不一。故［B］正

确。

15、WhichofthefollowingaboutUndertheGreenwoodTreedoestheauthorimplyin

relationtoHardy'sothernovels?

A、ItisHardy'smostthoroughinvestigationofthepsychologyoflove.

B、Althoughitishismostcontrollednovel,itdoesnotexhibitanyharshorrisky

impulses.

C、It,morethanhisothernovels,revealsHardyasarealistinterestedinthehistoryof

ordinaryhumanbeings.

D^InitHardy'snovelisticimpulsesaremanagedsomewhatbetterthaninhisother

novels.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第五段中，作者认为托马斯.哈代的缺点是未能控制不同创

作冲动的此起彼伏，而且也不愿培养、坚持冒险精神。第三句指出他认为《绿荫

下》是托马斯.哈代在其作品中控制创作冲动最好的一部，故选［D］。fA「对爱情心

理的透彻探究“、［B］“没有表现出冒险精神”过于片面；虽然托马斯.哈代在这部小说

中表现出现实主义，但作者并没有认为他在这方面表现得比其他作品好，故排除

ICh

Whenamedicalprocedureortechnologyfirstcomesontothescene,itisalmost

invariablymetwithcontroversyfromallsidesregardingthewayitcan,andshould,be

applied.Theongoingdebateoverabortioniscertainlynoexception,acontentiousissue

thathascapturedtheattentionoflaymenandmedicalpractitionersalikefordecades.

WiththeintroductionoftheFrench"abortionpill"RU-486,thesituationhasbecomean

evenmoreurgentoneloproponentsonbothsidesoftheissue.Thoseinfavorofa

woman'sright(ochooseaborionarguethat(hepillindicatesihat,whetherwelikeitor

not,(hemeansloaccomplish(hegoalisoutthere,andwemustrespondorbelef(behind.

Anti-abortionactivists,however,seethepillasrepresentingthegreatestthreattotheir

causetodate,andthusadevelopmentthaturgesalltomobilizeforthefightagainst

abortion.TheRU-486"abortionpill"hasalreadybeenusedinover200,000recorded

instancesinFrance,claiminga95.5%effectivenessratewhenusedinthefirst7weeksof

pregnancy.InFrance,itisseenasamoreeconomicalandsaferalternativetosurgery,

whichwasthemethodbywhichabortionswereperformedpriortothedevelopmentof

thepill.Recentstudieshavediscoveredthatthepillmayhavebeneficialsideeffectsas

well,includinguseasapromisingtreatmentforbreastandovariancancer,glaucoma,

adrenalcancer,andahostofotherillnesses.Althoughgenerallyconsideredsafeforuse,

theuseofthepillhasnotbeenwithoutcomplications,mostnotablyexemplifiedinthe

caseofoneFrenchwomanwhodiedofaheartattackafteringestingtheproperdosageof

(hemedicine.Further,duetoitsrelativelyshorthistory,(helong-termeffectsof(heRU-

486drughaveyettobeconclusivelyexamined.Thisandotherconcerns,including

politicalones,havepreventedsuchstatesasCanadaandtheUnitedStatesfrom

approvingtheuseofthepillwithinitsborders.Otherstateshavebeenundeterred,

however,asahostofothernationscurrentlyusethepillasaviablemethodofabortionin

someformoranother.TheunderlyingissueisonethatgoesbeyondtheuseoftheRU-

486pill,however,extending:othequestionofmorality.Activistsopposedtoabortion,

includingtheCatholicchurch,viewinglifeasbeginningatconception,andthusabortion

isaformofmurderineverycase.Thoseinfavorofabortionseelifeasaprocess

beginningatbirth,thusequalingabortionprocedures(oanyolherstandardmedical

treatments.Untilthosedeeperlevelsofcontentionareresolved,theissueof"thepill"will

beoneofonlymarginalimportance.

16^FromParagraph3,wclearnthat.

A、theuseoftheRU-486pillisunsafe

theRU-486abortiondrugisunlikelytospreadinusetoothercountriesuntilmore

extensivetestsareperformed

C、althoughthetrackrecordisgenerallypositive,somerecordedeffectsofRU-486

warrantfurtherstudy

D、healthconsiderationsarecurrentlythemainfactorhinderingeffortstoexpanddrug-

inducedabortions

标准答案：C

知识点解析：属信息推断题。第三段第一、二句说：虽然普遍认为使用人流丸是安

全的，但人流丸的使用并不是没有引起并发症……。RU-486“人流丸”的历史相对

较短，它的长期影响还有待验证。由此可知，选项C正确。选项A与第一句意思

不符；选项B、D都与第三句内容不符，影响“人流丸”使用范围的因素除疗效外，

还有来自政治等方面的担心。

17、Whentheauthorsays"Theunderlyingissueisonethatgoesbeyondtheuseofthe

RU-486pill,however,extendingtothequestionofmorality.",hemeansthat.

A^moreimportantthan(heRU-486pillarethemoralimplicationsofabortion

B、theissueoftheRU-486pillcurrentlyexistsduetoit'squestionablemoralbasis

C、theproblemoftheRU-486pillisjustonepartofalargercontroversyregardingbirth

control

D、onlyafterthemoralissuesofbirthcontrolaredeterminedcantheRU-486dilemma

besolved

标准答案：C

知识点解析：属信息推断题。最后一段第一句指出：潜在的问题超出了RU一

486“人流丸”的使用，涉及了道德问题。第二、三句列举了反对、支持人工流产者

的观点，争议的焦点是生命开始的时间；最后一句总结上文：在这些争论的深层次

问题解决之前，关于“人流丸”的争议就不太重要了。由此可推知，“人流丸”的问题

只是有关生育问题争议的一部分，即选项C正确。

18、InorderfortheRU486pilltobeapprovedforuseinsuchnationsas(heUnited

States,itisnecessarythat.

A^（hedrugbeprovenabsolutelysafeforhumanuse

B、aconsensusbereachedinthenationregardingtheproperusageofsuchdrugsina

moralsense

C、influentialoppositiongroupsacceptit,openingthewayforpoliticalfeasibility

D^thequestionofwhenlifebeginsbesatisfactorilyresolvedandthecurrenthealth

concernsrelatedtothepillclarified

标准答窠：D

知识点解析：属信息归纳题。题目中的关键词IheUniledStates出现在第三段第三

句：有关长期效果或其他方面的担心，包括政治方面的担心阻止了加拿大、美国这

样的国家同意在其境内使用避孕药。第四段指出其他方面的担心就是道德问题，

即：生命何时开始，人流算不算谋杀。由此可知，只有解决了这些问题，“人流丸”

在美国才可能获准使用，理选项D正确。

19^ThetextcitestheCatholicChurch'soppositiontoabortionto.

A、reflectthegeneralsocialattitudetowardtheissue

B、nameoneexampleofaprominentgroupthatholdsaparticularstanceonthe

controversy

C、provideevidencefbrthevalidityoftheopposition'sargument

D、revealthattheconceptoflifebeginningatconceptionisagenerallyacceptedone

标准答案：B

知识点解析：属信息推断题。题目中的关键词CatholicChurch出现在最后一段第

二句：反对人工流产的积极分子，包括天主教会认为生命从怀孕开始……。由此可

知，天主教会只是这组人中一个典型例子（故选项B正确）；而不是反映普遍存在或

接受的态度（故选项A、D错误）；也不是为了提供有效的证据（故选项C错误）。

20Themainpurposeofthistextisto.

A、presentthecurrentstatusofthedebateontheRU-486pill

B、provideahistoricalaccountoftheRU-486pill'susetodate

C、proposesolutionsbywhichtheRU-486pillcanfeasiblybeintroducedintosuch

nationsastheUnitedStates

D、explaintheRU-486pill'simpactonthelargerissueofabortion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：属主旨思想题。文章第一段第一、二句指出：每当一种医疗方法或技

术一登场，它几乎都免不了引起各方的争论，正在进行的关于人工流产的辩论当然

也亳不例外。下文以最近法国推出的“人流丸”RU-486为例，说明争议双方的论点

及现状。由此可知，选项A正确。选项B是第二段的内容，不能概括全文；C只

是在文章最后两段间接提到；D只在最后一段提到，不是文章主要内容。

Tobringthetofu,ornotbringthetofu?It'saquestionthatGenevieveHartmanhasbeen

rollingoverinhermindfbrsometimenow.The28-year-oldvegetarianwillbespending

Thanksgivingatherboyfriend'sprofessor'shouseinNewYorkCity.Thanksgivingused

tobeoneofHartman'sfavoriteholidays,whenshecelebrateditwithhervegetarian

familyinSanFrancisco.ButeversinceshemovedtoNewYorkfiveyearsagoandbegan

spendingtheholidaywithrelativesorfriends,itsbeenasourceofanxiety.[RI]

ThenumberofvegetariansintheUnitedStateshasdoubledoverthepast10

years,accordingtopollsbytheVegetarianResourceGroup,andnowstandssomewhere

around4.7million.Freezeraislesatgrocerystoresslockagrowingselectionofman­

mademeatproducts,fromtofubuffalowingstosoy-basedkielbasa.Veggieburgershave

becomeacommonfixtureatbarbecues.[R2]It'stheoneholiday,TurkeyDay,

(hat'ssostronglyassociatedwithmeatthatnotparticipatingseemsalmostunpatriotic.

[R3]Betweenthemashedpotatoes,greenbeancasserole,candiedyamsand

plentyofdesserts,youcanusuallyfindawaytostuffyourselfsilly.Instead,the

vegetarianfrustrationiswiththeflurryofquestionsthatfollowsaying"nothankyou"to

(heturkey.[R4]Manyoftheirhostsfindaccommodatingvegetarianstressful

becausethey'reusedtoworkingwithsuchasetThanksgivingmenu."Mystep-mother

didn'tknowavegetariananddefinitelydidn'tlikeit,"saysMollieMarti,42,whomarried

intoanIowafarmfamily."Itwasmoreoftheunknownthatwasuncomfortableforher

thanitwasherjudging.Therewasanervousnessonbothsides."Thekeytoasuccessful

Thanksgiving,Martisays,hasbeencommunicationaboutwhatshecatsandwhatshe

doesn't.[R5]"Memoriesbasedonsightandsoundarerelativelyabsentof

strongemotionalevocation,"saysThomasF.Shipley,apsychologyprofessoratTemple

University."Butbecauseofthewaythebrainiswired,smellsdirectlyevokeemotions.

SothethoughtisthatwithsomethinglikeThanksgiving,whereyoumayhavebeen

eatingthesamefoodsandsmellingthesamesmellssinceyouwereachild,itwillevoke

verystrongemotionalmemoriesfromearlierinlife."Andsometimes,Thanksgiving

tensionscanturnintotheirov/nfamilytradition.ShelleyFrostbecameavegetarianover

20yearsago,onThanksgivingDay1986.The47-year-oldvideogra-pherreceivedthe

typicaljeeringandquestioningfromherfamily,largelyfromhercousinBryan.Sheeven

skippedthefamilydinnerafewyearsago,tradingintheturkeyandthetauntingfora

Japaneserestaurantwithplentyofvegetarianoptions.Butsomethingdidn'tfeelright.

"Honestly,atthispoint,itwouldbeweirdifThanksgivingdidn'tincludeBryan