考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷281

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷281

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题

分,共20分。）

ItisnotquiteBenidormyet,butAntarcticahasbecomeanincreasinglypopular

destinationfbrthemoreadventuroustourist.Inthisyear'ssouthern-hemispheresummer

season,runningfromNovembertoMarch,asmanyas39,000visitorsareexpectedto

makethetripfromTierradelFuego,thenearestjump-ing-offpointtotheworld's

emptiestcontinent.Thatamountstoafourfoldincreaseinadecade.Officialsinboth

ChileandArgentinaaregettingincreasinglyworriedabouttheriskofafatalaccident—

"anewTitanic"asdueChileannavalofficerputsit.Nobodyhasdiedsofar,butthere

havebeensomenear-collisions.In2007morethan150peoplewereevacuatedwhentheir

ship,theExplorer,sankafterhittinganicebergneartheSouthShetlandIslands.They

were"veryluckywiththeweather",saysChile'sdeputyministerforthenavy,Carolina

Echeverria.Thatwasoneofonlytwoaccidentslastseason,withasimilarnumberthe

previousyearandonesofartliisseason.Helpisusuallynotfaraway.Althoughcruise

shipsplantheirroutesoastokeepoutofeachother'ssight,therearegenerally20to30

boatsheadingtoorfromtheAntarcticPeninsulaonanyoneday.Evenso,survivingan

accidentissomethingofalottery.Ildependspartlyon（heweather.Notalltheshipshave

（hecoveredlifeboatsrecommendedforpolarconditions.Smallboats,liketheExplorer,

haveabetterchanceofbeingabletotransfertheirpassengersiftheygelintodifficulties.

ButsomecruiseshipsvisitingAntarcticanowcarryalmost3,000passengers—morethan

tentimesthelimitthatoffersareasonablechanceoftimelyrescue,accordingtoChile's

navy.Thenavyisannoyedaboutthecostofpatrols,rescueoperationsandcleaningup

fuelspills.Itwantslegallybindingrules,backedbypenalties,forAntarcticcruiseships.

Butthatishardtoachieve.Underthe1959AntarcticTreatynocountrycanexercise

sovereigntyoveranypartofthecontinentanditswatersarcinternational.Someruleson

tourismhavebeenwrittenunderthetreaty:cruiseshipscarryingover500passengers

cannotmakelandings,forexample.Butthesearenotlegallyenforceable.Neitherwillbe

rulesbeingdebatedbytheUnitedNations*InternationalMaritimeOrganizationonsafety

requirements.Sometouroperatorssaytheywouldwelcometighterregulationandhigher

safetystandards.Othersinsistthatsafetyisalreadyadequate.Theworldrecessionmay

placeatemporarybrakeon（hetrade.Bu（Chileanofficialsreckonthatthetrendtobig

cruiseships,with（heircheaperfares,willresumeoncerecoverycomes.Ifso,atragedy

maybeonlyamatteroftime.

1、WcicarnfromthefirstparagraphthatAntarcticahas

A^becomeaBenidorm-liketouristdestination.

B、witnessedmorefatalaccidentsthanbefore.

C、attractedmoreboldgueststhanbefore.

D、experiencedanewTitanicperiod.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。该段首句指出，南极洲已经越来越受具有冒险精神的旅

游者的欢迎，因此C项为正确答案。

2、TheExplorerismentionedinParagraph2toshowthat

A^il'sperfectlysafetovisitAntarctica.

B、theweatherwillhelppeoplesurvive.

C、nobodyhasdiedfromaccidentssofar.

D、accidentsoccuroccasionallyinthisarea.

标准答案：D

知识点解析；推理判断题。文中举出“探索者号”的事例总结说明了近三年以来事故

发生的情况，因此D项为正确答案。

3、"Helpisusuallynotfaraway"(LineI,Paragraph3)suggeststhat

A、cruiseshipsplantokeepthemselvesawayfromotherboats.

B、survivinganaccidentdependslargelyontheweather.

C、boatssailfrequentlyaroundthevisitingareaofthecruiseships.

D、cruiseshipsareequippedwithlifeboatsforpassengers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义理解题。该段首句谈到救援帮助不会很远，通常每天都有20至

30艘船只往返南极半岛。因此C项为正确答案。

4、AccordingtotheAntarcticTreaty,

A^thenavyshouldrescueasmanysurvivorsaspossibleinspiteofhighcost.

B、nocountryisentitledtotherightsofAntarcticcontinentanditswaters.

C、Antarcticashouldbeopentotheworldwithoutanyformofrestrictions.

D、rulesconcerningAntarcticashouldbeapprovedbytheUnitedNations.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据《南极公约》直接定位到第四段。文中提到《南极

公约》规定任何国家都无权在南极洲大陆的任何部分行使国家主权，并且南极洲附

近水域属于国际公海，因此B项为正确答案。

5、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

A、(ouroperatorsareeagertoseemoreregulationsconcerningAntarctica.

B、safetyissuesshouldnotbeworriedaboutnomatterhowmanycruiseshipscome.

C、theworldrecessionhelpstouroperatorstoreducetheirfares.

D、whenmoreandmorevisitorscometoAntarctica,atragedyisforeseeable.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。末段提到如果搭乘游轮前往南极洲旅游的趋势兴起，那

么悲剧性事故的发生就可能只是时间问题了，因此D项为正确答案。

Women'sfertilityisdeterminedinlargepartatbirth.Theyarebornwiththeirtotal

numberofreproductivecells,whichnormallyinfluencestheageatwhichmenopause—

theshuttingdownoffemalereproductivesystem—begins.Butinthe1990s,researchers

proposedthatifachild'senergyisdepletedbymalnutrition,disease,orotherfactors,he

orshewouldbelessfertileasanadult.Byusingthenaturalexperimentofmigration,

researchersdemonstratedhowdifferencesduringchildhooddoalterthecourseof

reproductioninadultwomen.BiologicalanthropologistGillianBentleyofDurham

UniversityintheUKandcolleaguescomparedlevelsofreproductivehormonesin250

Bangladeshiwomen,includingwomenwhomigratedfromSy1het,Bangladeshto

London;womenwhostayedinSylhel;andBangladeshiwomenbominLondon.Inthe

firststageoftheirstudy,theyfoundthatwomenwhomigratedfromBangladeshas

childrenhadhigherlevelsofreproductivehormonesintheirsalivathanwomenwho

livedinSylhet,butlessthanwomenborninLondon.Thishadadirecteffectonfertility:

MigrantwomeninLondonhadan11%higherrateofovulationdischargingofmature

ovum-duringtheirlivesthandidwomeninSylhet,theteamreportedin2007.Theteam

hasnowstudied900womenbetweentheagesof35and60toseeifthebeginningof

menopausevariesbetweenmigrantsandwomeninSylhet.Bentleypresentedpreliminary

resultsfromtheirmeasurementofhormonesthatregulatethematurationofreproductive

cellsandareindirectindicesofhowmanyovatheycanstillproduce.Herteamfoundthat

migrantsentermenopauselaterthandidwomenwhostayedinBangladeshbutearlier

thandidthoseborninLondon."Theadultmigrantsseemtobesensitivetoimproved

conditions,"saysBentley.Thsgroupistryingtofindoutwhichenvironmentalfactorsin

Bangladeshlowergrowinggirls*fertility.AlltheBangladeshiwomeninthestudycame

frommiddle-class,land-owningfamilies,whogrewupwithadequatecalories.However,

girlsgrowingupinBangladeshwereprobablyexposedtomoreinfectiousdiseasesduring

crucialdevelopmentalyears.So,(heymayhavehadtomake(radeoffsamongusing

energytogrow,tomaintaintheirbodies,ortomaximizetheirreproductivepotentialas

adults.BentleyplanstotestthatideanextyearwhenherteamreturnstoBangladeshto

seeifgirls(heresufferfrommorediseasesthandothoseinLondon."Inotherwords,“

saysBentley,"whereyouspendyourchildhoodinfluencesadultreproductiveFunction."

6、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingfactorinchildhoodwillprobablycause

anadulttobelessfertile?

A、Menopauseperiod.

B、Infectiousdisease.

C、Vigorousexercise.

D^Rcpioduulivclioiniuncs.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句话可得知使妇女生育能力下降的因素

包括因营养不良、疾病或其他因素，B项包括在内，故选。

7^InParagraph2,GillianBentley'sresearchshowedusthat

A、womenstayinginSylhethadahighlevelofreproductivehormones.

B、womenborninLondonwerelessfertilethanthosemigratesfromSylhet.

C、reproductionlevelofadultwomenvariedindifferentregions.

D^whereyouspendyourchildhoodmightaffectthefertilityofadultwomen.

标准答案：D

charges2%perminuteforcallsoutsidetheSkypenetwork.Butoomaavoidsthisby

usingsomeofitscustomers一thosewhohavekeptregularphonelines—toserveas

gatewaysontothelocalphonenetworkatnocharge.Whenyouwanttocalloutsidethe

oomanetwork,thecallmovesfromyourHubovertheInternettoasecondlandline-

connectedHubwithinthedestination'slocalcallingareaTheHubdialsthetargetnumber

andpatchesthecallthrough.Ineffect,oomacustomerswithlandlinespaytokeepthe

wholesystemgoing.Youdon'tevennoticeifyourlandlineisbeingusedbecauseyour

ownphonecallsgooutoveryourbroadbandconnection,withyourflat-ratemonthly

phonebillcovering(heoomatraffic.Infact,thisimprovestheefficiencyofthephone

systembyputtingidlelinestowork.Butifoomaevergainsrealtraction,Iexpectalegal

assaultfrombigphonecompanies,whicharelosingincomefromterminationfees.Web

servicesdotakeadvantageofgenuineeconomies.Thephonenetworkismoreexpensive

(hantheNet.LotsofNetplayersbuildontheseadvantages.Skypereliesonselected

userswhoact,oftenwithoutllieirknowledge,as"supernodes"tomanage(hesystem.

FreeCprovidescallsbytakingadvantageofregulatoryquirks—namely,

thestiffterminationfeeslong-distancecarriersmustpaytocertainruralphonecompanies

thathandlecallsintotheirterritory.Ineffect,thefreeconferencesaresubsidizedby

customersandshareholdersofthelong-distancecarriers.Youmayaswellenjoyfree

callswhileyoucan.Butit'salwaysagoodideatoreadthefineprint.Ifitisn'tobvious

who'spayingforafreeservice,itmightwellbeyou.

11、Thephrase"afreelunch"(Line3,Paragraph1)impliesthatthefreestuffonthe

Internetseemstobe

totallyfree.

B、impossibleasafreelunch.

C、asrightasthescience.

D、paidbysomeoneyouknow.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：短语语义理解题。根据afreelunch定位到文章首段第一句。第三句

提到看似免费的服务实质上总得有人买单，故选B。

12、Theoomasystempromisedfree,unlimitedphonecallsby

A^connectingtheoomaHubtoyourphone.

B、takingadvantageoftheircustomers.

C、payingterminationfeetocarrierVerizon.

D、keepingregularlocalphenelines.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。文章第三段提到ooma是通过利用一些使用常规电话线

的用户而提供免费无限制打电话的服务，故选B。

13、Itcouldbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheoomaservice

A^workedillegallybylosingterminationfees.

B、improvedtheefficiencyofthephonesystem.

C、waspaidbytheoomacustomers.

D、coveredtheoomatrafficbybroadbandconnection.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。文章第四段倒数第二句提到ooma利用了闲置的电话线

路，提高了电话系统的使用效率，故选B。

14、Onecannotnoticeifthelandlineisbeingusedbyothersbecause

A^(heoomatrafficcannotbscalculatedbytheoutsidenetwork.

B、yourmonthlyphonehillstillremainsstablewithnewtraffic.

C、yourHubwilldialthetargetnumberfromasecondHub.

D、thewholesystemkeepsgoingwiththebroadbandconnection.

标准答案：B

知识点解析；推理判断题。第四段第四句指出人们不会注意到电话费的变化，因为

每月的电话费几乎都是固定的，故选B。

15、Theauthorsuggeststhatreaders

A、enjoytheirfreecalls.

B、paytheirbillsbythemselves.

C、readcarefullytheirbills.

D、avoidpayingothers'bills.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。文章结尾一处指出用户有必要弄清楚谁在为所谓的免费

服务买单，否则很有可能是他们自己。因此作者实际上是在建议读者一定要留意自

己的账单，C项正确。

Aslongaspeoplehavelookedupatthenightsky,theyhavewonderedwhetherhumanity

isaloneintheuniverse.Ofplacescloseenoughforpeopletovisit.Marsistheonlyone

thatanybodyseriouslythinksmightsupportlife.Therecentconfirmationofafive-year-

oldfindingthatthereismcthanc(acolorlessgaswithnosmcll)intheMartianatmosphere

hasthereforeexcitedthehopesofthosescientistswhostudytheouterspace.These

sourcesarcprobablygeologicalbuttheymight,just,provetobebiological.The

possibilityoflifeonMarsistoothrillingformankindtoignore.Buthowshouldwe

exploresuchquestions—withmen,ormachines?GeorgeBush'sadministrationstrongly

supportedmannedexploration,butthenewadministrationislikely(ohavedifferent

priorities—andsoitshould.MichaelGriffin,(hebossofNASA,aphysicistand

aerospaceengineerwhosupportedMr.Bush'splan(oreturntothemoonand(henpush

ontoMars,hasgone.Mr.Obama'stransitionteamhadalreadybeenaskingdifficult

questionsofNASA,inparticularaboutthecostofscrappingpartsofthesuccessortothe

ageingandold-fashionedspaceshuttlesthatnowformAmerica'smannedspaceprogram.

Thatsuccessorsystemisalsodesignedtoreturnhumanstothemoonby2020,asa

steppingstonetovisitingMars.Meanwhile,Mr.Obama'sadministrationiswondering

aboutspendingmoremoneyonlotsofnewsatellitesdesigneetolookdownattheEarth,

ratherthanoutwardintospace.Thesearcsensiblepriorities.Inspacetravel,asinpolitics,

domesticpolicyshouldusuallyhyfaroutweighforeignadventures.Moreover,cashis

shortandspacetravelcostly.Yetitwouldheashameifmanweretogiveupexploring

celestialbodies,especiallyifthereisapossibilityofmeetinglifeforms—evenonesas

lowlyasmicrobes—asaresult.Luckily,technologymeansthatmancanexploreboththe

moonandMarsmorefullywithoutgoingtherehimself.Robotsarebetterandcheaper

thantheyhaveeverbeen.Theycanworktirelesslyforyears,beamingbackdataand

images,andreturningsamplestoEarth.Theycanalsobemadegcrmlcss,whichgerm-

infectedhumans,whoriskspreadingdiseasearoundthesolarsystem,cannot.Humanity,

somewillargue,isdrivenbyayearningtoboldlygotoplacesfarbeyonditscrowded

corneroftheuniverse.Ifso,privateeffortswillsurelycarrypeopleintospace.Inthe

meantime,Mr.Obama'spromiseinhisinaugurationspeechto"restoresciencetoits

righlfulplace"soundslikegoodnewsforthesortofcuriosily-drivenresearch(hatwill

allowustofindoutwhetherthosecolumnsofmethanearesignsoflife.

16^Accordingtothefirstparagraph,menwanttoexploreMarsbecausethey

A^havefoundcolumnsofgasintheMartianatmosphere.

B、thinkitisthenearestplaceformentogointheuniverse.

C、areconvincedthatMarshavesomethingbiological.

D、wanttofigureoutwhetherthereislifebeyondearth.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：因果细节题。根据第一段第一、二句可得知人类对于探索太空中是否

存在其他生命体有强烈兴趣，并且火星是人类可到达的唯一可能存在生命体的地

方，因此D项正确。