考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷22（共191题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷22（共9

套）

（共191题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

[A]Whyreadingfallsintodecline?[B]Readingisrelatedtonationalpolitics[C]Reading

isastimulatingexperience[D]Readingandnationalhealth[E]Thedeclineofreadingis

thecrisisinnationaleducation[F]TheeffectsofelectronicmediaAsurveyreleasedon

ThursdayreportsthatreadingforpleasureiswaydowninAmericaamongeverygroup.

Thesurveyalsoindicatesthatreadersarcactive,whilenonreaders-morethanhalfthe

population—havesettledintoapathy.[RI]Readingisnotanactiveexpression

likewriting,butitisnotapassiveexperience,either.Itrequireseffort,concentration,and

attention.Inexchange,itoffersthestimulustothoughtandfeeling.Kafkasaid,"Abook

mustbeaniceaxtobreaktheseasfrozeninsideoursoul."[R2]The

electronicmedia,ontheotherhand,tendtobetorpid.Despitetheexistenceofgood

television,finewritingontheInternet,andvideogamesthattestlogic,theelectronic

mediabyandlargeinviteinertreception.Oneselectschannels,butthentheinformation

comesoutpreprocessed.Mostpeopleusetelevisionasameansofturningtheirmindsoff,

noton.Manyreaderswatchtelevisionwithoutperil;butforthoseforwhomtelevision

replacesreading,theconsequencesarefar-reaching.[R3]Mylastbookwas

aboutdepression,andthequestionIammostfrequentlyaskediswhydepressionisonthe

rise.ItalkaboutthelonelinessthatcomesofspendingthedaywithaTVoracomputer

orvideoscreen.Thattheratesofdepressionshouldbegoingupastheratesofreading

aregoingdownisnohappenstance.[R4]Iwillneverforgetseeing,asahigh

schoolstudentonmyfirsttriptoEastBerlin,theplazawhereHitlerandGoebbelshad

burnedbooksfromtheuniversitylibrary.TheNaziswererightinbelievingthatoneof

themostpowerfulweaponsinawarofideasisbooks.AndtheUnitedStatesisnowin

suchawar.Withoutbooks,wecannotsucceedinourcurrentstruggleagainstabsolutism

andterrorism.Youarewhatyouread.Ifyoureadnothing,thenyourmindwithers,and

youridealslosetheirvitalityandsway.[R5]Itisimportanttoacknowledge

thatthefalling-offofreadinghastodonotonlywiththeincursionofanti-intellectualism,

butalsowithaflawedintellectualism.Theascendancyofpoststructuralisminthe1980's

coincidedwiththebeginningofthecatastrophicdownturninreading;

deconstructionism'ssuggestionthatalltextisequalinitsmeaningsandthedenigrationof

thecanonledtothedevaluationofliterature.Theroleofliteratureistoilluminate,to

strengthen,toexplainwhysomeaspectoflifeismovingorbeautifulorterribleorsador

importantorinsignificantforpeoplewhomightotherwisenotunderstandsomuchorso

well.Readingisexperience,butitalsoenrichesotherexperience.Readingisharderthan

watchingtelevisionorplayingvideogames.Butmoredifficultpleasuresaremore

rewarding.Artcomestoyouprofessingfranklytogivenothingbutthehighestqualityto

yourmomentsastheypass.SurelythatissomethingallAmericanswouldwant,ifwe

onlyunderstoodhowreadilywemightachieveit,howwellworththeeffortitis.

1、[Rll

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[R2]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[R3]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[R4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[R5]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

[A]Nuclearpowerisapotentialthreattomankind[B]Thesafetyofnuclearpowerhas

improved[C]Thespreadofnuclearweaponsmaterialispotentiallyafatalproblem

[D]Thedisposalofnuclearwasteisproblematic[E]Thestoryofnuclearpowerseemsto

havebegunandendedinthe20thcentury[F]Thcneedfornuclearpoweriscoiningback

Nuclearpowerdiedinthe20thcentury,butthingshavechangedsincethen.World

leadersarenowtakingasecondlookattheatom.[RI]Firstcamethe

fireworks-twoatombombsthatendedaworldwarandannouncedvaststoresofenergy

inthefinestructureoftheatom.Thencameanewindustrythatpromisedelectricity"too

cheaptometer,"butinsteadfounderedonhighcostsandinexcusableaccidents.Its

epitaphwaswritteninthe1980s,whenonlytheblindorthebiasedcouldstillhave

believedthatthehundredsofbillionsofdollarsinvestedinnuclearpowerwasmoney

wellspent.[R2]Somuchhaschanged.Thepricesofoilandnaturalgashave

gonethroughtheroofandareexpectedtostaythere.Warinessofmajorsupplierslike

RussiaandIranisforcingpoliticalrecalculationsacrosstheworld.Coalischeapand

plentiful,butit'sabigsourceofcarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthat157nationsare

committedtoreducing.Environmentalists,whousedtobethenaturalenemiesofnuclear

power,arenowbusybeatingtheirdrumsoverclimatechange.Energydemandis

expectedtoriseworldwidebyabout50%in20years,withgrowthindevelopingnations

hitting90%.Energywillhavetocomefromsomewhere.It'sbecomingplainthatthe

worldneedstoexploitrenewablesourcessuchassolarandwind.Itneedstofindclean­

coaltechnologies.Itneedstomakefactoriesandhomesenergyefficient.Andasleaders

fromIndiatoGermanyhavedeclaredrecently,itneedsnuclearpower.[R3]Is

nuclearenergyworthyofacomeback?There'ssometruthtotheargumentthat20years

agotheindustryanditsregulatorswerebeginningtogetthingsrightjustasthepublic

wasrunningoutofpatience.Sincethennuclearresearchhasn'texactlybeenagrowth

industry,butengineershavemadesteadyimprovements.Reactorsnowbeingbuilt,if

operatedproperly,couldimprovetheindustry'saccidentratetenfold,accordingtoJohn

Deutch,anuclearpowerexpertattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.New

designscoulddobetter.Advancedboilingwaterreactors(ABWR),forinstance,aremade

toworkevenwhentheylosecoolant,withoutoverheating.Pebblebedreactorsuse

uraniumballsthatdissipateheatsowelltheyshutdownduringanaccident.Chinaand

SouthAfricaarebuildingpilotplants.[R4]Onepotentiallyfatalproblemis

theso-calledfuelcycle.Uraniumfuelturnsintoradioactivewaste,whichmustbeeither

recycledordisposedof.Bothoptionsareproblematic.Reprocessingputspureplutonium,

thestuffofbombs,intocirculation;anddisposalispoliticallyandtechnicallytricky.

Scientistshavetriedtoinventawayoutofthismess-onenewtechnologyturnsnuclear

wasteintofuelthatisworthlessinbombs,butitisunproven.[R5]

Proliferationseemsdestinedtoremainadiplomaticnightmare,asthecurrentimbroglio

overIran'snuclearprogramattests.Tocontainthespreadofweaponsmaterial,nuclear

nationsmayallowIranandothercountriestodevelopcivilianreactorsinexchangefor

givingupcontroloverthefuelcycle.Theotherquestioniswhethernuclearpoweris

viableeconomically.Onpaper,highenergycostscreateanopeninginthemarketplace.

But,saysDeutch,"onedoesn'tknowwhatcostswillbeuntilrealplantsgetbuilt."Much

dependsonwhetherindustryanditsregulatorsgetthingsrightthistime—andwhether

environineiiuilislsandthepublicgiveihemachance.Anaccidenthereortheremayclose

nuclearpower'ssecondchapterasquicklyasitclosedthefirst.Thistimethestakesare

higher.

6、[RI]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[R2]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[R3]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[R4]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[R5]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：哲无解析

[A]Nomiracledietsforheartdiseaseorcancer[B]Howthestudywasconducted?[C]The

outcomeofthestudyonheartdisease[D]Lowcolorectalcancerratc:chanceorthelow-

fatdiet?[EJThesignificanceofthestudyonbreastcancer[FJHowfatandheartdisease

arerelated?Startingalow-fatdietinmid-lifedoesnot,byitself,decreaseawoman'srisk

ofheartdiseaseorstrokeordramaticallyreduceherriskofbreastcancerorcolorectal

cancer,accordingtothreestudiespublishedtodayofalmost50,000healthy,post­

menopausalwomen.Butthefindingsstillsupportthegeneralideathatyouneedtopay

attentiontohowmuchfat—andparticularlywhatkindsoffat—youeat.[RI]

Researchersrandomlydividedtheparticipantsintotwogroups,workedhardtogetone

grouptocutitsfatintakeandthencomparedtheresultsforeachofthemforthenext

severalyears.Throughfocusgroupsandsessionswithnutritionists,theso-called

interventiongroupwasgivenalotofhelpandinformationonhowtocuttheamountof

fatintheirdiet.Asagrouptheyweren'tabletogetallthewaydownto20%fatintake,

buttheydidmanagetoreduceitto24%inthefirstyear,thoughitslidbackupto29%by

thesixthyear.Theother,so-calledcontrolgroupreceivedprintedmaterialondietary

guidelinesbutnootherhelponhealthyeating.Thefatcontentoftheirdietswas35%

afteroneyearandcreptupto37%aftersixyears—andtheygainedalittleweightto

boot.(Theinterventiongrouplostweightorstayedthesame.)[R2]Alltold,the

womeninthetwogroupsshowednooveralldifferenceinthenumberofheartattacksor

strokestheysufferedovertheeightyearsofthestudy.Partofthereasonmaybethatthe

levelofLDLor"bad"cholesteroldroppedintheinterventiongroupbyatiny2.4%—too

smallareductionforthestudytobeabletodetectadifferenceinoutcome.[R3]

It'salsopossiblethatifyouwanttopreventheartdisease,it'snotenoughtofocus

justonthetotalamountoffatinthediet;youalsohavetolookatthetypesoffataswell

asexerciseandphysicalactivitylevels.Whydidn'tthestudyfocusmoreintentlyonthese

variables?Researcherswerenotasawareofhowimportanttheywerebackinthelate

1980s,whentheyweredesigningthetrial.[R4]Womeninthelow-fatgroup

suffered9%fewerbreastcancersthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Althoughthat

differencewasnotstatisticallysignificant,itisverysuggestive.Givenhowlongittakes

formosttumorstogrow,itmaysimplybethatthestudyhasnotlastedlongenoughto

showasignificanteffect.Inaddition,therewasaclearbenefitforonesub-groupof

women——thosewhobeganthestudywiththehighesttotalfatconsumptionandwhowere

abletomakeandmaintainthegreatestreductioninthenumberoffatcaloriesintheir

diet.Thisgroupbenefitedfromal5%to20%dropintheincidenceofbreastcancer.

[R5]Womeninthelow-fatgroupdidnotseeasignificantdropintheirratesof

colorectalcancer.Givenhowlongittakescolorectalcancertodevelop,a9%difference

issignificant.Welcometothewildandcomplexworldofstatistics.Afterlookingatthe

variationinthedatawithvariousmathematicaltools,researchstatisticiansdetermined

thattheycouldn'truleoutthepossibilitythatthe9%differenceinbreastcancerresults

wasduetochancealone.Ontheotherhand,afterapplyingthosesamemathematicaltools

tothedatainthecolorectalcancerstudy,theydeterminedthatthe9%differenceinthe

numberofpolypswasunlikelytobeduetochancealone.So,inmanywaysthesestudies

raisedmorequestionsthantheyanswered.Strictlyspeaking,theresultsdonotapplyto

men,whotendtogetheartdiseaseearlierthanwomendoandforwhomalow-fatdiet

mightbeparticularlybeneficial.Butthisstudyhassetthegoldstandardfordietstudiesin

thefuture.

11、[RI]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[R2]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[R3]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[R4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[R5]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

|AJWomcnmarryup;menmarrydown|B|Today'swomenlovedomesticlife

[C]Equalityincourtshipunrealized[D|Womenappreciatemenpayingthecheck

[E]Womenaremeredomesticrobots[F]Women'smagazinesarenodifferencefromwhat

theywereWhenIenteredcollegein1969,womenweresheddinggirdles,paddedbras

andconventions.Womenwereonceagainimitatingmenandactingallindependent:

smoking,drinking,wantingtoearnmoneyandthinkingtheyhadtherighttobesexual,

thistimeprotectedbythepill.[RI]Decadesafterthefeministmovement

promisedequalitywithmen,itwasbecomingincreasinglyapparentthatmanywomen

wouldhavetobrushuponthevenerabletricksofthetrade:anabsurdlycharmingliule

laugh,aperttossofthehead,anairofsaucytriumph,dewyeyesandafullknowledgeof

music,drawing,elegantnotewritingandgeography.Today,womenhavegonebackto

huntingtheirquarry—inpersonandincyberspace-withelaborateschemesdesignedto

allowthedeludedcreaturestothinktheyarethehunters.[R2]Nowdating

etiquettehasreverted.Youngwomennolongercareaboutusingthechecktoasserttheir

equality.Theycareaboutusingittoassesstheirsexuality.GoingDutchisanarchaic

feministrelic.Youngwomentalkaboutitwithdisbeliefanddisdain.[R3]

Menwouldrathermarrytheirsecretariesthantheirbosses,andevolutionmaybeto

blame.AstudybypsychologyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,usingcollege

undergraduates,suggestedthatmengoingforlong-termrelationshipswouldrathermarry

womeninsubordinatejobsthanwomenwhoaresupervisors.Menthinkthatwomenwith

imporlantjobsaremorelikelytocheatonthem.Thereilis,rightintheDNA:womenget

penalizedbyinsecuremenforbeingtooindependent.Womenmovingupstillstriveto

marryup.Menmovingupstilltendtomarrydown.Thetwosexes'goinginopposite

directionshasledtoanepidemicofprofessionalwomenmissingoutonhusbandsand

kids.[R4]Manywomennowdonotthinkofdomesticlifeasacomfortable

concentrationcamp,wheretheyarelosingtheiridentitiesandturningintoanonymous

biologicalrobotsinadocilemass.NowtheywanttobeMrs.AnonymousBiological

RobotinaDocileMass.Theydreamofbeingrescued-toshop,tostayhomeandbe

takencareof.Theyshopfor"StepfordFashions"一matchingshoesandladylikebagsand

the50's-stylesatin,laceand.chiffonpartydressesfeaturedinInStylelayouts-andspend

theirdaysatthegymtryingforWisteriaLanewaistlines.[R5]Cosmoisstill

thebest-sellingmagazineoncollegecampuses,asitwaswhenIwasincollege,and【he

best-sellingmonthlymagazineonthenewsstand.TheJune2005issue,withJessica

Simpsononthecover,hercleavagespillingoutofanorangecroquetedhalterdress,could

havebeenJune1970.Theheadlinesarefamiliar:"Howtoturnhimonin10wordsorless,

""DoYouMakeMenM-E-L-T?Takeourquiz,""BridalSpecial,"''Cosmo'sstudsearch"

and"Cosmo'sMostFamousSexlips;theLegendaryIricksIhatHaveBrought

CountlessGuystoTheirKnees."WhatIdidn'tlikeatthestartofthefeministmovement

wasthatyoungwomenweredressingalike,lookingalikeandthinkingalike.Theywere

supposedtobeliberated,butitjustseemedlikestiflingconformity.WhatIdon'tlikenow

isthattheyoungwomenrejectingthefeministmovementaredressingalike,looking

alikeandthinkingalike.Beforeitwas"don'tbeasexobject;"nowit's"beasex

object"—buttheconformityisjustasstifling.

16、[Ri]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[R2]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[R3]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[R4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20>[R5]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共25题，每题1.0

分,共25分。）

"Pleasedon'ttakeyourorganstoheaven,'1readstheAmericanbumpersticker."Heaven

knowsthatweneedthemhereonearth."Lastyearmorethan7,000Americansdied

whileawaitinganorgantransplant-almostdoublethenumberofAmericansoldiers

killedinIraqsince2003.InEurope,too,thousandsofpeoplewhoselivescouldbe

extendedortransformed（byhavingsightrestored,forexample）throughtransplantsforfeit

theopportunityforwantofavailableorgans.ResearchbytheWorldHealth

Organisation（WHO）hasfoundthatonlyoneintenpeopleinneedofanewkidney,the

bodypartmostindemand,managestogetone.Inthepoorestplaces,ofcourse,a

complextransplant—whichintheAmericanhealthsystemcosts$500,000—is

unthinkableformostpeopleanyway.Butthegapbetweensupplyanddemandfororgans

affectsthepoortoo,bycreatingamarketinbodypartswhereabusesareprevalent.In

prosperousandmiddle-incomecountries,thewaitinglistsfororgantransplantsgrowever

longerasageingpopulations,hypertensionandobesityfabigcauseofdiabetes-driven

kidneyfailurc）takctheirtoll.Theproblemhasbeenworsenedbyafallinroaddeathsin

richcountries,which—alongwithstrokesandheartattacks—arethemainsourceof

organsfortransplant.Smallwonderthatpeoplescourtheglobetoprocuretheorgans

theyortheirlovedonesneed;orthatunscrupulousintermediariesofferhelp.Thelatestof

manyorgan-harvestingscandalsisnowraginginIndia,oneofseveralpoorcountries

wherethesaleoforgansusedtobelegalbuthasnowbeenbanned,withtheapparent

effectofdrivingthetradeunderground.Adoctor,AmitKumar,isawaitingtrialafter

reportedlyconfessingtohavingperformedhundredsofillegaltransplantsforrichclients

fromAmerica,Britain,Canada,SaudiArabiaandGreece.Hehasbeenaccusedofluring

labourersintohisclinicswithjoboffers;victimswerethenofferedupto$2,000,a

princelysum,topartwithakidney.Somewhorefusedaresaidtohavehadkidneys

removedanywayafterbeingdrugged.AnotherkidneyracketflourishedinSouthAfrica

between2001and2003.DonorswererecruitedinBrazil,IsraelandRomaniawithoffers

of$5,000-20,000tovisitDurbanandforfeitakidney.The109recipients,mainlyIsraelis,

eachpaidupto$120,000fora"transplantholiday";theypretendedtheywererelativesof

thedonorsandthatnocashchangedhands.Knowinglyorunknowingly,Europeansmay

havebenefitedfromanotherracket,operatingontheirdoorstep,inaregionwherethe

Westclaimstobeupholdinghumanrights.CarladelPonte,untilrecentlythechief

prosecutoratthewar-crimescourtforex-Yugoslavia,claimsinanewbookthatin1999,

guemllasfromKosovoharvestedtheorgansof300captiveSerbsatasecretsitein

Albania.TheauthoritiesinKosovoandAlbaniahavehotlydeniedthestory.

1、Whichofthefollowingaffectsthepoormostaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A、Morethan7,000Americansdiedduringwaitingfororgantransplantlastyear.

B、Only10%peopleinneedcouldsucceedingettingorgantransplantoperation.

C>OrgantransplantoperationisverycomplexandcostlyeveninAmerica.

D、Thelargergapbetweendemandandsupplycreatesmarketsofbodyparts.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。首先，根据题干提示定位至第一、二段。本题可用排除

法：|A］、［B］所述为美国和世界的最新调查结果，不涉及穷人或富人，选项本身陈

述正确，但不符合题干要求，故排除；文中提到：因为昂贵的手术费，穷人是不可

能接受这样的手术的。也就是说穷人不会与器官移植手术发生关联，因此排除

IC］；但是文中紧接着说到：然而因器官的供求差距所滋生的滥用人体器官的市场

也影响了穷人，由原文中but可知后面含有更进一步的意味，由此可见对穷人的影

响最大，故选［D］。

2、Thebestreasonthatleadstoalargergapbetweenorgandemandandsupplyis

A、inprosperousandmiddle-incomecountries,moreandmorepeopledieofvarious

diseases.

B、inprosperouscountries,thesupplyoforgansreducesforthefewertrafficaccident

deaths.

C、thereisalargerandlargerdemandwhilethesupplyseemstobecomelessandless.

D^moreandmorenationsbegintotakemeasurestobantheoncelegalsaleoforgans.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据关键词reason定位至第三段。该段从两个方面解

释了可移植器官供不应求的矛盾更加突出的原因：一是各种疾病导致的死亡率上

升；二是因车祸死亡率下降而带来的器官供应的减少。这一升一降就加剧了供求矛

盾。故答案为［C「需求日益增加，供应却越来越少:［A］和［B］都只涉及其中的一个

方面，观点片面；［D］仅仅说明了造成供应减少的一个方面，故排除。

3、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?

A^Thelastofmanyorgan-harvestingscandalsisnowtakingplaceinIndia.

B、AfterbeingbannedthesaleoforgansinIndiahasnowdisappeared.

C^AmitKumarwasontrialforperforminghundredsofillegalorgantransplants.

D、Foralargeamountofincome,somejobhunterswenttopartwithakidney.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至第四段。根据该段第一句“在众多

器官获取的丑闻中，最新的一个在印度“，并没最后一个，由此可知［A］不正确；

［B1与原文的“因被禁而使得这一交易转入地下”不符；［0与原文第二句内容相符，

为正确答案；原文中说到“引诱劳工到诊所”、“强行麻醉劳工而后取走一个肾”表明

他们是“不情愿”的，并非为钱，故排除［D］。

4、Whatdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepresentsituationinorgantransplantprofession?

A、Pleased.

Concerned.

C、Indifferent.

D^Sympathetic.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。本题需要根据全文的基调以及作者的措辞来进行推测。

首先，作为有关器官移植的文章，作者没有选择客观的科技性的介绍——如何进行

此类手术以救治何种类型的患者，而是以器官供不应求为切人点反映此行内的灰色

交易。其次，作者在例证过程中所描述的灰色交易过程之残忍令人发指。最后，作

者在文中所用词汇，如abuse,thepoorunscrupulous,scan―dais,racket、

upholdinghumanrights等，充分表现了他的愤慨与忧虑，［A］“感到高兴”，可首先

排除；［C］“漠不关心”，也不正确，因为这篇文章就是要揭露这种现象；［D］“感到

同情”，只是说明了部分观点，并没有把文中体现的“忧虑”表现出来，由此可知

［B］“担忧”正确。

5、Whatmessagedoesthispassagemainlyaimtoconvey?

A、Morepeopleareawaitingtohavelivesextendedortransformedthroughtransplants.

B、Organtransplantoperationsaretooexpensiveandcomplexforpoorpeopletohave.

C、Organexchangemarketshavebeeninexistenceinmanypartsoftheworld.

D、Thegapbetweendemandandsupplycreatesorganmarketsespeciallyimmoral

exchanges.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨大意题。本题考查对全文的理解。根据第3题对文章结构的分析

可见，全文的中心是“供与求''和"由供求矛盾引发的市场“，二者相比，文章更侧重

于后者：从第二段开始就涉及市场问题，并在下文进行原因剖析和事实举证。

［A］、［B］均在描述“求”方，［C］仅提到了“市场”,三个选项割裂了“供求”与“市场”的

关系，均不能全面反映文章的中心。［D］提到因供求矛盾引发了市场，尤其是不道

德的市场的出现，符合主题，故正确答案为［D］。

Improvingthebalancebetweentheworkingpartofthedayandtherestofitisagoalofa

growingnumberofworkersinrichWesterncountries.Someareturningawayfrom(he

idealsoftheirparents,forwhomworkalwayscamefirst;otherswithscarceskillsare

demandingmorebecausetheyknowtheycangetit.Employers,caughtbetweenafalling

populationofworkersandtightcontrolsonimmigration,areeagertoidentifyextraperks

thatwillluremore"talent"theirway.Justnowtheyarefocusingonbenefits(espccially

flexibleworking)thatofferemployeesmorethanjustpay.Somecompaniessawthe

changeofmoodsometimeago.IBMhasmorethan50differentprogrammespromoting

work-lifebalanceandBankofAmericaover30.Butplentyofotherfirmsremain

unconvincedandmanylackthecapacitytocatertosuchideaseveniftheywantedto.

HelenMurlis,withHayGroup,ahuman-resourcesconsultancy,seesawideninggap

betweenfirms"atthecreativeendofemployment"andthosethatarenot.Thechief

componentofalmostallschemestopromotework-lifebalanceisflexibleworking.This

allowspeopletoescaperigidninc-to-fivcschedulesandworkawayfromaformaloffice.

IBMsaysthat40%ofitsemployeestodayworkoffthecompanypremises.Formany

businesses,flexibleworkingisanecessity.Globalizationhasspreadthehoursinwhich

workersneedtocommunicatewitheachotherandincreasedthecallforflexibleshifts.

NellaBarkley,anAmericanwhoadvisescompaniesonwork-lifebalance,saysthatlarge

firmsarcbeginningtounderstandthevalueofsuchschemes,"butonlyslowly".Formost

ofthem,theystillmeanlittlemorethanchildcare,healthcareandflexibleworking.To

someextent,theproliferationofwork-life-balanceschemesisafunctionoftoday'slabour

market.Companiesinknowledge-basedindustriesworryabouttheshortageofskillsand

howtheyaregoingtopersuadetalentedpeopletoworkforthem.Althoughwhite-collar

workersaremorelikelytobelaidoffnowadays,theyarealsolikelytogetrehired.

UnemploymentamongcollegegraduatesinAmericaisjustover2%.Thesame

competitionforscarcetalentisevidentinBritain.Forsometimetocome,talentedpeople

intheWestwilldemandmorefromemployers,andcleveremployerswillcreatenew

gewgawstoattractthemtojoin.Thoseemployersshouldnotethatforagrowingnumber

oftheseworkersthemostappealinggewgawofallisthefreedomtoworkasandwhen

theyplease.

6、Employeesaredemandingmorefromtheiremployersbecause

A、theyalwaysputtheirworkasthefirstthinginlife.

B、theyarepursuingamorebalancedlifestyle.

C、theyareequippedwithspecialskills.

D、theyarefocusingonbenefitsmorethantheirsalary.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的demandingmore定位至首段。开篇指出

在西方富裕国家越来越多的人想要在工作和生活之间找到一个更好的平衡。接着介

绍他们对此的表现：有些人开始抗拒父母一代认为工作总是第一的理念；另有一些

掌握稀缺技术的人则要求更多，因为他们知道自己能得到满足。第二句是对首句的

解释，由此可见，雇员向雇主提出更多的要求是为了获得一种更加平衡的生活方

式，故［B］为答案。根据该段第二句可知，认为工作第一是父母一辈的想法，与孩

子的想法完全不同，故排除［A］；第二句中提到一些工人拥有稀缺技能，这是他们

能向雇主要求更多的条件，而不是原因，因此排除［C］；第一段末句最后指出：雇

主不仅仅关注雇员的工资，还关注其他福利，［D］中将原句主语换成了“雇员”，属

干偷梁换杆，故排除。

7、Thepresentsituationaboutthework-lifebalanceproblemisthat

A^manycompanieshavedifferentprogrammesforthisproblem.

B>manycompaniesarereadytotakeeffectivesolutions.

C、companiesareattwoextremesinsolvingthisproblem.

D^manycompaniesareindifferenttothisproblem.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词work-lifebalance定位至第二段第二

句。该段第一句指出：一些公司在一段时间以前就注意到这种思想倾向的变化了。

接着以IBM为例进行说明：推出了50多个促进工作和生活平衡的方案。然后进行

转折：许多公司还不相信这一变化，即使相信，许多公司也缺乏能力来达成这一目

标。由此推出，现在公司分成两派：一种是迅速采取行动，满足员工的需求；一种

是不承认变化，也缺乏能力满足员工的需求。可见这是两个极端，故［C］为答案。

这里只提到了IBM公司和美国银行的方案，没有提到其他很多公司的方案，故排

除［A］；［B］与该段第二句中plentyofotherfirmsremainunconvinced矛盾，故排除;

句中只是说许多公司不相信有这种变化，并没有说他们漠不关心，故排除［D］。

8、IBMismentionedinthethirdparagraphtoshowthat

A、IBMhasmanydifferentprogrammesenhancingwork-lifebalance.

B、flexibleworkingmeansflexibleworkingtime.

C、flexibleworkingincludesallowingemployeestoworkoutsideoffices.

D、flexibleworkingcanberealizedbyHexibleshifts.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至笫二段第二句：IBM说它现在有

40%的员工不在公司里办公。这是段落中的支持性细节，通常作为说明前面提到的

观点的论据出现，该段前两句指出：几乎所有推动工作和生活之间平衡方案中的主

要内容都是弹性工作制。这让人们摆脱了朝九晚五的工作时间限制。IBM的例子

就是对第二句的说明，故［C］为答案。［A］是对第二段第二句细节内容的总结，与本

段细节内容支持的观点无关，故排除；IBM的例子中没有提到工作时间，显然［B］

不是该论据支持的观点，故排除；文中没有提到IBM有灵活的轮班制度，故排除

［D］o

9、Accordingtothepassage,work-lifebalanceschemes

A、arenowadoptedbymanylargefirms.

B、mainlycontainchildcare,healthcareandflexibleworking.

C>arewelcomedbywhite-collarworkers.

D、arethenaturalresultoflabourforcecompetition.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的work-lifebalanceschemes定位至第五段

首句：从某种程度上而言，推动工作和生活之间平衡的计划的增多是由现在的劳动

力市场造成的。第二句背出：知识型产业的公司担心技术工人的短缺以及如何说服

人才为他们工作c由此可以推断,work-1ife-balanceschemes的增多是劳动力市场竞

争的结果，故［D］为答案。文中只是提到schemes增多，没有具体提到大公司，故

排除［A］；第四段指出大公司对工作和生活平衡计划的看法：无外乎就是儿童保

育、医疗保健、弹性工作制等福利。这是大公司的看法，不是计划涉及的具体内

容，故排除［B］；第五段第三句提到白领们，但没有说明他们对schemes的看法，

故排除［C］。

10、Theword"gewgaws”(Line2,Para.6)mostprobablymeans

A、jewelry.

positions.

C^policies.

D、payment.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干提示定位至末段。该段对人们要求实现工作和

生活的平衡这种趋势进行了评论和预测：在未来的一段时间内，西方国家的人才将

会向雇主提出更多的要求，聪明的雇主将制定新的gewgaws来吸