辅差计划三阅读理解主旨大意题专练-高三英语二轮复习

第三讲主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上，运用概括、判断、推理等逻辑思维方

法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。解题关键是首先通读全文、把握好文章大意；其次应

抓住文章主题句。这类题目可分为：主旨大意型、文章标题型和目的态度型。

I.Fromthepassageweknowthat

2.Whatisthepassage/storymainlyabout?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

命题形式4.Thearticleisabout.

主旨大/__________

通发全文，把握文章大意；

意型\技巧点拨1.

-2.找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词，从而

把握文章的主旨(mainidea)。

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemight

命题形式be.

主旨是一2.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

3.Whichof(hefollowingcanbethebesttitle

ofthispassage?

文章标

题型

1.通渎全文，把握文章大意；

技巧点拨

2.找出主题句，把握文章的主旨；

3.标题要言简意赅，引人注目；

1.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

2.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthe

passageis_______.

3.Thepurposeofthispassage/storyisto

命题形式—4.Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthis

passage?

目的态

扁7颗DT幺闪生

度型

(2018•全国卷I•用一I.要充分理解全文，正确把握文章思想和主

GwdM”，〃加Mm力.技巧点拨旨大意；

S2.站在作者的立场想问题，推断作者的写作

morning,butsheiscookingupastorminh(态度及目的：

preparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney：GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththe

helpofchefMattTebbuitofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparing

recipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersays

she'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrominylocalMexican

takeawayrestaurant,Msheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion（一份），butMattmakes

themfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycan

buytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves.v

Theeight—partseries（系列节目），SaveMoneyzGoodFood,followsinthe

footstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowto

getvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtime

withadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofa

familyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthe

family'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

、寸支法1文章主线定标题

关键词法一反复出现的词

语和多次重复的观点就是

体现主旨的关键词

主题句法一根据文强主题

句，确定中心词充当标题

4大选珠连中法一分析文章细

技巧节.确定共同点，如同穿珠

般考虑能穿珠引线的主旨,

确定标题

逆向法一根据四个选项.考

最虑其可能内容,对照原文,

佳最相似者为最佳选项

标

题精准性强一不改变原文意

义和感情色彩

3大概括性强一概括全文，休

特点现文意主旨

新颖性强一语言精炼醒目,

吸引读者

禹题i太远

3种

错误断章取义

选项

以偏概全

考法2段落大意类

（全国卷＞D）

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingthey

learnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothada

chancelogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackin

thewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplay,

catchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewords

fbryearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins4tTwinklc,twinkle,littlestar”or

rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.

B.Childrenhaveabeltermcinoryihaiigrown-ups.

C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.

D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.

＞寸支法2首尾兼顾知段意

首知①段首：说明文和议论文中

段

尾的主题句常在段首。

意

抓兼

住顾②段尾：先表述细节，后归

段纳概括，段落主题旬在段尾,

落③段中间：先用一句或几句话引出要

主表达的主题，再陈述主题,再论述细

题节.即引出主题f段落中心再论述

句

④没有明显段落主题句时.需概括段

落内容,总结段落大意。

考法3文章大意类

(2018•全国卷IILB)

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportor

river.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuited

tocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbourat

themouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over30()yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom

800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodof

time.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,

wasunmappedwilderness(荒里干).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwo

yearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof3(),()0().

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonor

Paris.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow—coveredmountainsand

sailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirty

feetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthe

path,killing63pcople.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswere

worththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.

About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessities

likefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondepended

onhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerest

insettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,they

leftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo-tosee

wheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawson

City—itspresentpopulationis762.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

C.Journeysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

»技法3定位主题断文意

适用于主题句出现在开

头的文章.如说明文、

读首段新闻报道、科技说明文、

知大意议论文。

读尾段记叙文故事:类阅读主旨

知大意常隐含在尾段。

文敬泞段往往是兴屈例

读中段_T或谈论个别现象，后

|面的段落才是主匕所在

6知大意

个

关析句子俏总句若是长难句.

键知人意主句一定是主题句。

技

巧作者反复重中的观点通

।曲是土白，反复出现的

产意币词语一般是体现主旨的

_口关键词；

■］留心转折旬和总结性的提示i司

①表转折的词:but,however,yet;

一我因果的同：therefore,thus等

间之后的内容可徒是主场句；

一②总结词:inshort,tosumup,in

conclusionViV我？占i仑休j41j子"i

根据各段主题句关系.

串联每段大意归纳文章

-归纳法

2大意。

种

方排除不积极的选项，剔

逻辑

法除细节,抓住主要信

排法法

息，概括大意。

(202()年浙江卷)

Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetfor

successispersistence（毅力），acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavily

influencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthat

fathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayanivedatthesefindings

afterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,the

persistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.

“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers.”

Padilia-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchas

persistence-whichcanhetaught-arckeytoachild'slifesuccess.”

Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative“parenting

style.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.

Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:

childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehind

rulesarestressed；childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主权）.

Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsof

authoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyan

authoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleads

tobetteroutcomesinschool.

Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.

Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthe

benefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers

B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture

C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather

D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance

（2017•全国卷HLC）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstone

NationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.

Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchof

thecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhuman

development.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstone

area.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewer

humansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelk

populations-majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimals

consumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthe

park.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyotes

killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythe

park'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducing

wolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelk

andcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves

wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly3（）yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethe

wolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolf

packsinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfis

fittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeavers

andredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeena

valuableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestoother

partsofthecountryaswell.

28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

（2018全国IID）

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedby

peoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,struggling

withtheuncomfortablesilence.

What'stheproblem?It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversational

intelligence.It?smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkward

andchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyou

findyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Experts

sayit'saninvaluablesocialpractice