过去分词用法

bGrammarBymzcUnit+4-5+单元语法+非谓语动2023-2024学年高中英语人教版必修第二册动词谓语动词非谓语动词系动词amisarewaswerelooksoundseemgetturn实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi)runsinglearnsaywrite助动词dodoesdidhavehashad情态动词canmaymustneeddare...tododoingdone非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,在又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.过去分词定语宾语补足语表语状语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、宾语补足语、表语或者状语。过去分词通常于逻辑主语之间存在被动关系或表完成。过去分词的用法(1)一、过去分词做定语1.含义(1)过去分词在多数情况下由及物动词充当,含有被动或动作完成的意义。Alltheneededtoolswillbefullysupplied.所需的所有工具将会全部供应。(2)过去分词也可以由不及物动词充当。这种情况下的过去分词没有被动意义,只表示动作的完成。Therisensunissobright.升起的太阳如此耀眼。2.位置过去分词做定语可以位于名词之前或名词之后。(1)单个的过去分词做定语一般放在名词的前面。Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在清扫院子里的落叶。过去分词之前还可以有副词修饰。Therearemanybeautifullydecoratedhousesinthisarea.这个区域有许多装饰精美的房子。(2)如果是过去分词短语,则通常放在名词后做后置定语。ItisahousebuiltbytheRomans.它是一栋由古罗马人建造的房屋。过去分词短语做后置定语的作用相当于定语从句,如:Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.=Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.昨天举行的会议非常重要。

动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式都可以做定语,但用法不同:动词-ing形式表示主动或进行的意义,过去分词表示被动或完成的意义,不定式表示动作尚未发生。(1)Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。(2)Themanstandingoverthereismyfather.站在那边的那个人是我的父亲。(3)I’mlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找房子住。二、过去分词做宾语补足语1.过去分词用于感官动词feel,hear,listento,have,make,let,see,notice,observe,watch等词之后做宾语补足语。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.当我们到达学校时,我们看见门锁着。Wecanhearthewindowsknockedbytheheavyraindrops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。2.过去分词用于使役动词have,make,get,leave,keep之后做宾语补足语。Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.少说多看。Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱被偷了。Ihadmybikebrokenonmywayhome.在我回家的路上,我的自行车坏了。句型剖析1.【教材原文】TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(Page41)他们在英国各地建造城堡,并对法律体系进行了改革。句法分析句中hadcastlesbuilt是

“have+sth(宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”结构,意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth后面用过去分词做宾语补足语,说明sth与过去分词表示的动作之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。(1)have

sb/sth

doing

意为“使某人/某物做某事”这种动作往往具有持续进行的含义;此外,此句型还可用于won’t/can’t

have

sb

doing

sth,表示不允许或禁止。(2)have

sb

do

让/叫/使某人做某事语境领悟(1)Shemightjusthaveherhairwaved.她可能刚刚烫了发。

(2)Shehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.在吃饭期间,她让我们笑个不停。(3)I’llhavesomeonerepairthebikeforyou.我会请人为你修理自行车的。学以致用单句语法填空(1)Ihavemyhair

cut

(cut)thismorning.

(2)You’dbetterhaveyourcarrunning(run)slowly.(3)Iwon’thaveyou

staying

(stay)upsolate.

(4)Theteacherhadhisstudents

reading

(read)Englisheverymorningforhalfanhour.

(5)Thepatientisgoingtohavehistemperature

taken

(take).

3.过去分词用于表示“希望,愿望,命令”等的词之后做宾语补足语,如like,want,wish,expect,order,意为“希望/要求某人或某物被……”。Theteacherwouldn’tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

过去分词与动词-ing形式做宾语补足语的区别:

在“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,如用过去分词做宾语补足语,表示动作所处的状态且与宾语构成动宾关系;用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系。Confuciussaidthatlearningwithoutunderstandingleadstoconfusion.(Page38)孔子说过,学而不思则罔。非谓语动词做主语的特殊情况句法分析句中的learningwithoutunderstanding是动词-ing形式(短语)做主语。动词-ing形式做主语时,表示一种抽象的概念,谓语动词要用第三人称单数的形式。在位置上,动词-ing形式(短语)做主语时,可以直接位于句首做主语,有时也用it做形式主语,把动词-ing形式(短语)置于句尾,这通常用于某些形容词如better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult或名词(短语)nouse,nogood,awasteoftime等之后,构成Itis/was+adj./n.+doing的句式。语境领悟(1)LearningEnglishwellallbyyourselfisverydifficult.完全靠自己学好英语很难。(2)It’sawasteoftimeplayingvideogameseveryday.每天玩电子游戏是浪费时间。(3)Swimmingisgoodforthehealth.游泳对健康有益。学以致用单句语法填空(1)Itisnogood

telling

(tell)yourfriendeverythingaboutwhatyouknow.

(2)Doingmorningexerciseseveryday

does

(do)yougoodinmanyways.

(3)

Collecting

(collect)informationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.

句型剖析1.【教材原文】It’sanhonourtobehereandtosharewithyouthestoryofhowmusichashadanimpactonmylife.(Page56)非常荣幸来到这里与大家分享音乐是如何影响了我的人生。句法分析句中it做形式主语,代替真正的主语tobehereandtosharewithyouthestoryofhowmusichashadanimpactonmylife。另外,thestoryof后接how引导的宾语从句,how在宾语从句中做方式状语。在英语句子中,如果做主语的动词不定式太长,常常用it做形式主语,而将真正的主语动词不定式后置。语境领悟(1)Ittookmehalfanhourtowalkthere.我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。(2)It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.对我们来说,学好英语是重要的。(3)Itseemedapitytohavewastedsomuchtime.浪费了这么多时间,真是遗憾。学以致用完成句子(1)背对着老师,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。

It’s

rude

to

turnyourbacktoyourteacherandrefusetoanswer.

(2)想不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。

It

is

impossible

to

learn

aforeignlanguagewithoutmakingpainstakingeffort.

Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.我看见她正走进教室。(her和come是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示“进来”这一动作正在进行)Withtheproblemsettled,hecouldfinallyhaveagoodsleep.

问题得以解决,他终于可以好好睡一觉了。(problem和settle之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词做宾语补足语)即学即练单句语法填空(1)Thisisthestatueofabravesoldier

seated

(seat)onahorse,withagunonhisback.

(2)Someofthepeople

invited

(invite)tothepartycan’tcome.

句型转换(3)Ienjoyedthemusicplayedbymyfriendyesterday.→Ienjoyedthemusic

which

was

played

bymyfriendyesterday.

(4)Leaveswhichhavefallenintheparkmustbesweptawaybythevolunteers.→

Leaves

fallen

intheparkmustbesweptawaybythevolunteers.

Translation1._____________(开水)2.________________(一个破碎的茶杯)3.three____________________(受伤的士兵)4.Welivedinthehouse_________________(我舅舅们修建的).5.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.6.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).boiledwater

abrokecup

injuredsoldiersbuiltbymyunclestakenmadebyher7.Mostofthepeople_________________(被邀请参加宴会的)werefamousscientists.8.Lessons_____________(易学的)aresoonforgotten.9.Thecomputercenter___________(开办)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.invitedtothepartyeasilylearnedopened过去分词作表语什么叫表语？表语又叫主语补足语，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。可放在系动词be,get,become,feel,remain,seem,look等之后。可做表语的词：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词Theappleisred.一、过去分词做表语的含义基本结构：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，说明的是主语的状态，其作用相当于adj.Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.2.过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态中，强调动作。

e.g.：◆Thebookiswellwritten.

这本书写得很好。◆Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.

这本书是由一位士兵写的。

3.过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别1.Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.

Ifeel

disappointedwiththeresultofthetest.2.Thestoryisveryinteresting.Heisinterestedinthebook.3.Theresultisquitesurprising!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.归纳：V-ing形式表示

主语或中心词本身的特性

表主动“令人……的”

V-ed形式表示主语或中心词的一种感受表被动“某人感到……的”Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas___________(bore)andlonely.Jacklookedevenmore____________(amaze)thanhefelt.Theresultswerevery_____________(disappoint).Iwasthankedbythe_____________(satisfy)customer.Thegirl___________(dress)inredismydaughter.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)trip.boredamazeddisappointingsatisfieddressedorganised[即时演练1]——单句语法填空(1)WhenIenteredhisroom,hewas_______(bury)inhisbooks.(2)Thedaysare_____(go)foreverwhenJohnwasshyanddidn'tknowhowtogetalongwithothers.(3)Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget_________(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(4)Althoughthedevelopmentofoilsandisfacedwithkindsofchallenges,itsfutureis____________(encourage).buriedgonepromotedencouraging_______(move)bywhatIsaid,shestoodthereforamoment.感我此言良久立(白居易《琵琶行》)_______

(give)thetalentbytheheaven,Iwillemployit!天生我材必有用(李白《将进酒》)EnjoysomebeautifulsentencesMovedGivenWhen___________(question)underapinetree,“Myteacher,”thepupilanswered,“wentforherbs”.松下问童子,

言师采药去。(贾岛《寻隐者不遇》)questioned过去分词作状语什么叫状语？状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、条件、时间、地点、让步、程度、目的、伴随等Iplaysoccerverywell.

Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.Toseethebeautyofthecity,Igotothetopofthemountain.3.【教材原文】Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(Page41)如果你留心观察,你会惊奇地发现你能够看到它的过去和现在。句法分析该句是一个主从复合句,其中if引导的从句为条件状语从句;thatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent为宾语从句,做find的宾语。tofind...为动词不定式做原因状语,用于句型“sb+be/become/feel/get...+adj.(表示情绪的形容词:surprised,excited,shocked,disappointed,glad,pleased,sad,satisfied...)+todo...”中,表示引起某种情绪的原因。语境领悟(1)Hefeltdisappointedtobetoldthathewasunfitforthejob.被告知不适合这份工作,他感到很失望。(2)Janewasexcitedtohavegotsuchagoodchanceforfurtherstudy.简因为获得一个如此好的深造机会而激动不已。(3)Iamreallyhappytoseeyouagain.再次见到您我真的非常开心。学以致用单句语法填空(1)Thegirlwasshocked

to

see

(see)abigsnakelyingontheroad.

(2)Jacksonfeltveryexcited

to

have

been

elected

(elect)chairmanofthefootballclub.

(3)Iwassatisfied

to

be

given

(give)enoughtimetoprepareforthelecture.

1.Whenhewastoldthathepassedtheexam,hewasveryexcited.

Toldthathepassedtheexam,hewasveryexcited.2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.

Seenunderamicroscope,

afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.1.时间状语相当于as,when,while,until等引导的时间状语从句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系，该动作通常表示先于谓语动作发生或同时发生。1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,

theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.

Doneinahurry,

hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.2.原因状语相当于as,because等引导的原因状语从句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.

Givenmoreattention,

thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

Comparedwithyou,

westillhavealongwaytogo.3.条件状语相当于if,unless,once等引导的条件从句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。4.让步状语相当于让步状语从句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。1.Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveup.

Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveuphope.2.Althoughhewaswounded,thebravesoldierscontinuedtosearchforthetrappedpassagers.Wounded,thebravesoldierscontinuedtosearchforthetrappedpassagers.1.Thehunterlefthishouse,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.

Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.2.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.

Shesatbythewindow,

lostinthought.5.方式或伴随状语,相当于and等引导的并列结构。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。1.Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.

Whenhewastoldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.2.

Comparedwithyou,Istillhavealongwaytogo.

IfIamcomparedwithyou,Istillhavealongwaytogo.3.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher'swords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.

Because/Ashewasgreatlytouched

bytheteacher'swords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.4.Supportedbythenurse,thepatientgotoffthebed,.

Thepatientwassupportedbythenurseand

gotoffthebed.过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、if、while、though、evenif、until、unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。◆Evenifinvited,Iwon'ttakepartintheparty.→EvenifI'minvited,Iwon'ttakepartintheparty.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。1.Whenwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.=heated,waterturnsintosteam.

When过去分词作时间状语2.Becausehewastired,hefellasleepatonce.=tired,hefellasleepatonce.Because过去分词作原因状语3.IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.=givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.If过去分词作条件状语4.Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.=laughedatbymanypeople,shecontinuedherstudy.Although过去分词作让步状语5.Thegirlleft,andshewasfollowedbyalittledog.=Thegirlleft,followedbyalittledog.过去分词作伴随状语

有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有lost(迷路)、seated(坐)、hidden(躲)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦)、worriedabout(担心)、satisfiedwith(满意)等。◆Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。由某些动词(通常是与心理感受有关的词)后面加-ed转化来的形容词也表状态不表被动。如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。e.g.Surprisedatwhathadhappened,

Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed。

过去分词(短语)与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系；现在分词(短语)与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。_______(see)fromthehill,the

city

lookslike

a

big

garden._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthe

city

looks

like

a

big

garden.

SeenSeeing

跟着那个老人,

我们上去了Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wefollowedtheman)

2.被那个老人跟着,

我们上去了Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewerefollowed)4.过去分词与动词-ing形式做状语的区别(1)过去分词表示被动或完成的动作,动词-ing形式表示主动或进行的动作。Seenfromadistance,themountainlookslikeanelephant.从远处看,这座山看起来像一头大象。Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.被自然的美景所吸引,这个从伦敦来的女孩决定再在农场上待两天。(2)动词-ing形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作,过去分词表示完成的被动动作。BeinghelpedbyProfessorWu,SarawilllearnChinesewell.在吴教授的帮助下,萨拉将会学好汉语。

HelpedbyProfessorWu,SarahaslearntChinesewell.在吴教授的帮助下,萨拉的汉语已学得很好了。(3)动词-ing形式的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作,过去分词所表示的动作有时发生在谓语动词前,有时与谓语动词同时发生,有时表示未来的动作或状态。Havingbeengiventherightanswer,theteacheraskedmetositdown.准确地回答了老师的问题,老师让我坐下。Givenmoretime,wewillfinishtheworkintime.如果多给点时间,我们就能及时完成这项任务。无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。◆Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)◆Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)◆Ifthethiefiscaught，thepolicewillpunishhim/her.(√)[即时演练3]——单句语法填空(1)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,________(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.(2)________(look)atthepicture,Icouldn'thelpmissingmymiddleschooldays.(3)__________(discuss)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.(4)_______(catch)intherainonmywayhome,Ihadabadcold.tellingLookingDiscussedCaughtⅠ.单句语法填空1．________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.2．________(praise)bytheheadteacher,Amywasexcitedallday.3．Wewereall_________bythe__________speechmadebythewell-knownteacher.(inspire)FoundedPraisedinspiredinspiring4．Intheirsparetime,theyare___________(interest)inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden.5．______(build)morethan500yearsago,thewoodentowerisindangeroffallingdown.6．Greatly________(touch)bytheteacher'swords,hedidalotofthingstohelpclassmates.7．________(hear)thebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.interestedBuilttouchedHearing11．_____(see)fromthetopofathirty-storeybuilding,Beijinglooksmoresplendid.12．______(give)enoughwaterandsunlight,theplantwillgrowtothreemeters.13．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_____________(disappoint).SeenGivendisappointedⅢ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

AsoneofthegreatestleadersofChina,SongQingling,1._____(bear)on27thJanuary1893inShanghaiwasawell-knownstateswoman.Whenshewasyoung,shewasmuchconcernedaboutthefutureofChina.Latershe2._____(take)partinmanyactivities3._________(fight)forthefreedomofChinese.AfterthefoundationofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,borntooktofightshewascompletelydevotedtothedevelopmentofChinaand4._______(play)animportantpartinmanyactivities.On29thMay1981,she5._____(die)inBeijingattheageof88,which6.________(bring)greatsorrowtoChinese.7._________(honour)asoneofthegreatestwomenofthe20thcentury,she8.______________(remember)byChineseforever.playeddiedbroughtHonouredisremembered1.Ifthebuildingproject______bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.tobecompletedB.beingcompletedC.completedD.iscompleted2.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-inventionPractice3.Itisbelievedthatifabookis_______,itwillsurely_______thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest4.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying5.MrSmith,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring1.丢了钱他困惑不已。He______________aboutlosingthemoney.2.你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways_____________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?gotpuzzledlooksotired3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody__________________thedeathofthefamousfilmstar．wasdisappointedwithwasshockedtohear5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.Hiswound_________________________anewvirus．arereallyexcitedaboutbecame/wasinfectedwith2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.

OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.用过去分词作状语来改写句子。