北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三年级上册期中英语试卷（解析版）

北京市朝阳区2023〜2024学年度第一学期期中质量检测

高三英语

（考试时间90分钟满分100分）

本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Lastnightwasthelastgamefbrmyson'ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedveryhardfbritand

thusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.

Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson'steaminthe1Parentsencircledthefield,

offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson'steammate,Mickey

O'DonnellWithshoutsof"2it!”acrossthefield,Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.All

roundmethecrowderupted.Hehad3!

However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthegameinadraw.

Foramomenttherewastotal5Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MickeyhasDown'ssyndrome,

aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,ar.dforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.He

had6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonapoint.

Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,madeit!Imadeit!Everybodywon^^^

ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould7Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,through

tears,myson8hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,44WaytogoMickey!Waytogo

Mickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joiningmysonto9himonhisgoal.

Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,ultwasa10.

Everybodywon.”

1.A.wayB.positionC.leadD.back

2.A.LeaveB.PickC.ThrowD.Kick

3.A.missedB.scoredC.performedD.slipped

4.A.clearB.wrongC.specificD.decisive

5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisperD.laughter

6.A.ratherB.hardlyC.almostD.even

7.A.admitB.reactC.guessD.defend

8.A.drewbackB.putdownC.lookedatD.threwup

9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consultD.instruct

10.A.reliefB.keyC.tieD.pity

【答案】LC2.D3.B4.B5.A6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个患有唐氏综合症的男孩米奇在足球比赛中踢进了马龙球，虽然

比赛打平，但所有人都认为米奇嬴了的故事。

【1题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我儿子的队领先。A.way方法；B.position位置；C.lead榜

样;领先地位；D.back后背。根据"Thescorewastwotoone,”及下文可知,作者儿子所在的足球队暂时

领先。故选C。

【2题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：高喊着“踢它!”A.Leave离开;B.Pick捡起;C.Throw扔;D.Kick踢。根据

uWithlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson'steammate,MickeyO'Donnell.n可

知，球到了米奇•奥唐纳的脚下，所以所有人都喊他踢球。故选D。

【3题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进球了！A.missed错过；B.scored得分：C.peiformed表演：D.slipped滑

倒。根据uHowever,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthegame

inadraw.”可知,米奇•奥唐纳进球得分了。故选B。

【4题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，每个人都立刻意识到，米奇做到了，但是错误的进球，以平局结束比

赛。A.clear清晰的；B.wrong错误的；C.specific明确的；D.decisive决定性的。根据“endingthegamein

adraw."可知，米奇把球踢进错误的球门了。故选B。

【5题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：i时间，全场鸦雀无声。A.silence沉默；B.anger生气；C.whisper低语；D.

laughter笑声。根据"Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.”可知,全场都很惊讶，所以沉默的鸦雀无声。故

选Ao

【6题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：当对方球员赢得一分时，他甚至会拥抱对方球员。A.rather相当；B.hardly几

乎不；C.almost几乎；D.even甚至。根据“Yousee,MickeyhasDown'ssyndrome,aconditioninwhicha

personisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.”可知，因为米奇患唐氏综合

症，所以他甚至在对方进球时也会拥抱对方球员。选D.

【7题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，我屏住了呼吸，不知道儿子会有什么反应。A.admit承认；B.

react反应；C.guess猜：D.defend防守。根据"ForamomentIheldmybreaih,"可知，作者不确定儿子对

这种情况的反应，故选B。

【8题详解】

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地看着儿子举起手，做了一个经典的击掌动作，开始大喊：

“干得好,米奇!干得好,米奇!”A.drewback撤回;B.putdown记下；C.lookedatD.threwup扬起。

根据"hishandin【heclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouling,"可知，作者儿子扬起手欢呼。故选D。

【9题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一会儿，两支球队都围住了米奇，和我儿子一起祝贺他进球。A.congratulate祝

贺；B.comfort安慰；C.consult请教；D.instruct教导。根据uIwatched,throughtears,myson__8___his

handintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,uWaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!v”可知，两支

队伍都加入儿子的欢呼，祝贺米奇进球。故选A。

【1()题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些时候，女儿问我谁赢了，我笑着回答：“平局。大家都赢

了。"A.relief欣慰；B.key关键；C.lie平局；D.pity怜悯；同情。根据"However,everyonerealized

immediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthegameinadraw.MHJ知，比赛结果以平局告

终。故选C。

第二节(共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分)

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

InmyearlyyearsatschoolIhadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan"F"andthatwould

makeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowastumthe"F"intoa"B”12(please)myparents.

However,itdidn'tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearn

fromit,soI13(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat"F'turnedintoa"B"andthat"B"turnedintoan

“A”.

【答案】11.really

12.toplease

13.took

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚开始上学的时候，学习成绩不佳，为了取悦父母，经常偷偷

把“F”改为“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。

[11题详解】

考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”，这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared,因此应

用real的副词形式really,意为“很，十分”。故填really。

【12题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去常常把“F”变成“B”来取悦我的父母。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，

表示“为了”，因此应用please的不定式形式。故填loplease。

【13题详解】

考查时态。句意：然后我知道我必须接受失败并从中吸取教训，所以我采取了积极的态度。分析句子可知，

空处作句子的谓语，文章在叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，因此应用take的过去式。故填took。

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis14manyyoungsters

enjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthecityonfoot.Participantscan

followadistinctiveurbanroute.15(explore)thecityattheirownpace.Comparedwith

famous16(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceof(heplacestheyvisit.

【答案】14.what

15.exploring

16.spots

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍许多年轻人喜欢结伴在城市街头漫步，这种步行游览方式让他们

能以自己的节奏探索城市，获得更全面的游览体验，而不是去热门景点挤人群。

【14题详解】

考查名词性从句。句意：约上几个朋友，在街上悠闲地散步一一这是许多年轻人在访问一个新城市时喜欢

做的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填

whato

【15题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：参与者可以沿着独特的城市路线，以自己的节奏探索城市。句中一有谓语动词，

所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Participants与explore之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填

exploringo

【16题详解】

考查名词的数。句意：与著名景点和拥挤的人群相比，他们更苣欢在他们参观的地方获得更全面的体验。

名词spot为可数名词，泛指许多景点，用复数形式。故填spots。

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.17weimaginecityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceof

development.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18thesetechnologiesarenow

successfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also19(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperformall

functionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponentering

thedestination,20(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.

【答案】17.How

18.but19.known

20.finds

【解^5]

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。

【17题详解】

考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作

主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词how作引导词，且空处位于句首，how的首字母需

大写。故填How。

【18题详解】

考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在成功地成为现实。前面说

明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后语义

构戊转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。

【19题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽车，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的所有功能。

分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作Anaulonomouscar的非限制性后置定语，know和Anautonomous

car逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用know的过去分词形式。故填known。

【20题详解】

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的情

况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作ihat引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般现在

时，find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaid

hasthreebasicparts:amicrophoneanamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,

whichcliangcsllicsuundwavesloclccliiualsignalsandscudsliicinLuanamplifici.Theamplificiincicascsihcpuwci

ofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.

Bchind-thc-car(BTE)aidsarcusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fit

aidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,

somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.

•In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasa

teiecoilthatallowsusers(oreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.

,Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)aidsaremadetofitthesize

andshapeoftheearcanal.Completcly-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.

Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakey

consideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanthat

i(willbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredby(heguarantee,estimated

costsfbrrepair,andthehearingaidcompany'sreputationforqualityandsenice.

Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.

21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?

A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.

C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoil.

22.Ifpreferringahearingaid(hatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.

A.“Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaids

C.In-the-canalaidsD.Completely-in-canalaids

23.lbbuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould.

A.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewithmorefeatures

C.giveintotheafter-saleservicesD.consideryourneedsandlifestyle

【答案】21.B22.A23.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canalaids）以

及适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段44Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesound

wavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsand

sendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.（助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送

到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵）”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电

信号的强度。故选B项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheear

completely,withanarrowtubeintorheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferit

becausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.（“迷你”BTE是•种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设

备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声

音听起来不“堵塞”）”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini”BTE。故选A项。

[23题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsand

life乂yle.（最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式）”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑你

的需求和生活方式。故选D项。

B

BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthe

streetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,31Mtheynever

spoke.

Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredby

thebook5scompassionate（有同情心的）message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutside

andintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He'dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,but

heendeduplivingonthestreet.

“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,“Petersonrecalled.4isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedor

takenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.^^AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,

hadn'tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaidyes.

ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingand

paintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheincomeintowhathecallsa'Move

account”R）rhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.

ManyofPeterson'snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcarehotelrooms,

andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum（专辑），realizinghismusicaldrcams.Another

subject,Sondoval,whohadneverbe^nabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter's

rent.

SinceFacesufSantaAnawasestablished,Pclcrsunhaspainted41ofallihcpuiliails.Buithere'smuretothe

finishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstend

toconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymight

haveotherwisestereotyped（持固有观念）oroverlooked.^Peopleoftentellme,41wastheonethatwouldcrossthe

street.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,'"Petersonsays."Ididn'tknowthatwouldhappen.^^

24.HowdidPetersonfeelabout（hehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?

A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.D.Confused.

25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto.

A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbum

C.gotoanartschoolD.painthisportrait

26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?

A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.

C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizeiheirdreams.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.

C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家BrianPeterson如何通过肖像画帮助无家可归的人并

改变他们的生活的感人故事。

【24题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythe

homelessman.Inspiredbythebook、compassionate（有同情心的）message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:

Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.（-天,Peterson正在读《爱的力量》，这时他被■个流浪汉打

扰了。受到书中富有同情心的信息的启发，Peterson做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己）”可知，

Peterson之前一直对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他受到了书中同情心理念的影响，决定走出去

向流浪汉介绍自己，并最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Peterson读完书后，他对流浪汉充满担忧。故选C。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“"Ilwasthestrangestthingtome,“Petersonrecalled.44Isawbeautyonthefaceof

anumwhohadn'tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.^^AndeventhoughPeterson,

anartschoolgraduate,hadn'tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaid

yes]“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，"Peterson回忆说。“我在一个大概一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸

上看到了美。但他的故事激励了我。”尽管毕业于艺术学院的Peterson已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是

问能不能画一下Faris的肖像。Faris答应了）”可知，Peterson和Faris交流之后，决定为他画一幅肖像画。

故选D。

【26题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna.anon-profitorganization

focusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople4这段经历促使Peterson成立了uFacesofSanta

Ana"，这是一个非营利组织，致力于帮助无家可归的人，并为他们画肖像）”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，

Peterson成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthe

painting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveolherwisestereotyped（持固有观

念）oroveHooked.（他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能刻

板印象或忽视的人建立友谊）”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖像，Peterson帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的

固有观念，让他们感到被尊重和欣赏。由此推知，这所有的一切都是源于Peterson最初对流浪汉的同情心。

故选Co

C

“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogo

tosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblanksiares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthe

city'sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,a

growingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.

Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefinesthecharacter

ofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables

（clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology）,andvirtualreality,they'refightingwhattheyseeasalimiting

visualpreferenceinurbanplanning.

4Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfbr10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,^^saysOguz

Oner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribe

whattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgan

couldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardly

hear,evenalongthewaterfront.

Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyetthiskindofindividualfeedback（反

馈）aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusing

afreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity'slatestnoiseactionplan.

Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithin

thefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviews（odevelopasetofbestpracticesfbrgood

seniorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldata

likeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.

Asdatacollectionaboutpeople'ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarn

thatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance（监视）needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusion

alsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarcfactoredintoplanning.ttScnson,awarenessis

notindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyand

socially,MsaysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.

DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplaced

bytrendycafes.uItusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,“shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingrather

thanwelcoming.uNowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.^^

28.Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares“inParagraph1impliesthat.

A.Montrealislackinginvisualappeal

B.Montreal'snon-visualinformationisignored

C.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanism

D.（herearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend

29.Whatcanweleamfromthepassage?

A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.

B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.

C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.

D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.People'sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.

B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.

C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.

D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.

【答案】28.B29.C30.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一

些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。

【28题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文"Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity'sothersensory

attractions,itssoundmarksandsmcllmarksJsaysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoften

referredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.（“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气

味，”感官研究主任豪斯说,感官研究是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为“感官城市主义“）"可知，很

多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当地的旅游办公室停下来，询问

他们会推荐游客去哪里闻、尝、听这座城市的声音时.，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，划线词组

blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽略。故选B项。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribe

whattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgan

couldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardly

hear,evenalongthewaterfront.（多年来，他一直在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音漫步”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述

他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的研究已经确定了可以建造波浪风琴的地点，以增强海浪的声音，他惊讶

地发现，即使在海浜，人们也几乎听不到海浪的声音）”可推如，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会注意

到声音的吸引力。故选C项。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhose

sensoiyexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning."'Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;

whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,''saysMonicaDegen,anurban

culturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.（公平性和包容性的问题也在决定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时

发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简单的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社

会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔大学（BrunelUniversityLondon）的城；文化社会学家莫妮k•德根（MonicaDegen）

说）”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。故选A项.

D

Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener'ssoncowpox（牛痘）andthen

deliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox（天花）totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedto

cowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine（疫苗）

washighlyeffective.4fcVaccination'\fromtheLatinwordfbrcow,soonbecamecommonplace.

Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,rather（hanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionally

exposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.Thingshavechangedalot

sinceJenner'stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfbrdoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,

there'sthecontinuoussensethatthere'ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.

Butthisshouldn'tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasingly

importantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatof

diseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.

Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus（RSV）,researchers

haveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeof

vaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV.whichkillstensof

thousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon'talwaysknowthedangers

volunteersmightface;wcdon'talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?

Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn't

alwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn'tdevelopinthesame

wayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewer

volunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumber

ofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it'salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedby

vaccines.intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.

Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshould(rytogelridof

themisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofall

wouldbetomakesureparticipants'effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplying

themwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillions

oflives.

31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto.

A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrials

B.introducethetopicofchallengetrials

C.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccine

D.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”

32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.

B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.

C.Ch