阅读理解 体裁微解-说明文-2025年高考英语题型技巧解读（含解析）

第7讲体裁微解一一说明文

一、近五年考情分析

年份试卷类型篇数科普知识类话题生态环保类话题题型分布

2024新高考I卷1新型量子计算技术突破城市生态系统的生物多样细节理解3题、推理判断

性研究1题、主旨大意1题

2024新高考II卷1人工智能在医疗影像诊断海洋微塑料污染现状及治细节理解2题、推理判断

的应用理措施2题、词义猜测1题

2023新高考I卷1基因编辑技术在农业育种森林碳汇对减缓气候变化细节理解3题、主旨大意

的应用的作用1题、观点态度1题

2023新高考II卷1纳米材料在能源存储的创湿地生态修复工程成效分细节理解2题、推理判断

新应用析2题、标题归纳1题

2022新高考I卷1脑机接口技术的最新进展生物入侵对本土物种的影细节理解3题、推理判断

响1题、文章结构1题

2022新高考II卷13D打印技术在航空航天全球水资源短缺与可持续细节理解2题、推理判断

领域应用利用策略2题、主旨大意1题

2021新高考I卷1虚拟现实技术在教育领域土壤污染的成因与治理方细节理解3题、推理判断

的应用法1题、观点态度1题

2021新高考II卷1新能源汽车电池技术革新城市垃圾分类推广的挑战细节理解2题、推理判断

与对策2题、词义猜测1题

2020新高考I卷15G通信技术的特点与应大气污染治理的国际合作细节理解3题、推理判断

用1题、主旨大意1题

2020新高考II卷1人工智能算法优化濒危物种保护现状与困境细节理解2题、推理判断

2题、标题归纳1题

说明：

1.难度系数：取值范围为0-1,数值越接近1表明难度越低，该数据综合考量文章的词汇量、句子复杂程度、题目设问难

度等多方面因素。

2.易错点分析：基于对学生答题情况的统计和深入剖析得出，精准反映出学生在说明文阅读理解中常见的丢分原因。

二、命题特点

（一）科普知识类

1.词汇专业性强：文章中充斥着大量专业术语和复杂的科学词汇，像"artificialintelligence

（人工智能）""quantummechanics（量子力学）”"CRISPRgene-editingtechnology（CRISPR

基因编辑技术）”等。这些词汇对于考生来说可能较为陌生，需要具备一定的猜词能力和词

汇积累才能理解文章内容。

2.逻辑结构严谨：通常遵循“提出问题-分析问题-解决问题”或“现象阐述-原理分析

-应用前景”的结构。例如，先介绍某种新型材料的研发背景，接着深入分析其物理化学特

性，最后探讨在各个领域的应用可能性。这种严谨的逻辑结构有助于考生梳理文章脉络，但

也要求考生具备较强的逻辑分析能力。

3.题型多样：细节理解题考查考生对文中具体科学信息的准确把握，如实验步骤、技术参数

等；推理判断题要求考生依据已知科学知识和文章内容进行合理推断，如根据某种科学现象

推断其产生的原因；主旨大意题则考查考生对文章整体科学主题和核心观点的概括能力。

（二）生态环保类

1.数据列举频繁：为了直观地说明生态环境问题的严重性或环保措施的成效，文章中常常列

举大量的数据。比如“全球每年有1000万公顷的森林遭到砍伐”“某河流的化学需氧量（COD）

超标50%”等。通过这些数据，考生需要准确理解生态环境问题的现状和变化趋势。

2.观点态度鲜明：作者通常会明确表达对生态环境问题的担忧以及对环保行动的支持态度。

可能会使用“urgent（紧迫的）”“vital（至关重要的）”等形容词，或者直接陈述观点，

如"Wemusttakeimmediateactionstoprotectourenvironment（我们必须立即采取行动来保护

环境）”。因此，观点态度题是常见的考查题型之一。

3.联系现实生活：文章内容与日常生活紧密相关，会提及人们日常生活中的行为对生态环境

的影响，以及个人可以采取的环保措施。例如，倡导减少使用一次性塑料制品、鼓励绿色出

行等，使考生在理解文章时更容易产生共鸣，也能引导考生将环保理念应用到实际生活中。

三、解题技巧

（一）科普知识类

1.快速浏览，掌握主旨：迅速浏览文章标题、首尾段和每段首句，确定文章的核心科学主题,

明确文章是关于哪种科学现象、技术或理论的介绍。例如，看到标题“NewBreakthroughin

SolarEnergyTechnology（太阳能技术的新突破）”，就能初步判断文章围绕太阳能技术的新

进展展开。

2.剖析结构，定位信息：依据文章严谨的逻辑结构，确定各部分内容的作用。在解答题目时,

根据题干中的关键词，快速定位到相应的段落和句子，提取关键信息。若题目询问某种技术

的应用领域，就到介绍应用前景的部分寻找答案。

3.巧用语境，猜测词义：遇到专业术语时，不要惊慌，结合上下文语境、解释说明、举例等

线索来猜测词义。比如，uAstronomy,thestudyofcelestialobjectssuchasstars,planets,and

galaxies,hasmadegreatprogressinrecentyears."通过"thestudyofcelestialobjectssuchasstars,

planets,andgalaxiesv的解释，能明白"Astronomy”是天文学的意思。

4.合理推理，避免臆断：推理判断题要基于文章中给出的科学知识和信息进行合理推断，不

能过度推理或加入主观臆想。比如，文章仅表明某种新型药物在实验室测试中表现良好，就

不能推断它已能完全治愈某种疾病。

（二）生态环保类

1.关注数据，分析趋势：对文章中出现的数据进行重点关注，分析数据所反映的生态环境问

题的变化趋势，是恶化还是改善。通过对比不同时期的数据，准确理解文章内容。例如，“某

地区过去五年空气质量优良天数比例从30%提升到了50%”,表明该地区空气质量有所改善。

2.把握态度，理解意图：留意作者表达观点态度的词汇和语句，准确判断作者对生态环境问

题的看法以及写作意图。是呼吁人们重视环保，还是介绍某种环保措施的优势，从而精准回

答观点态度题和主旨大意题。

3.联系生活，辅助理解：将文章内容与日常生活中的环保现象和行为联系起来，帮助理解文

章。比如，文章提到“垃圾分类”，考生可结合自己在生活中对垃圾分类的了解，更好地把

握文章内容。

4.对比选项，排除干扰：在做选择题时，仔细对比选项与原文内容，排除与原文不符、过于

绝对或偏离文章主旨的选项。若选项中出现“all（所有）”“never（从不）”等绝对词汇时,

要格外留意，除非文章中有明确表述，否则很可能是错误选项。

四、易错失分点

（-）科普知识类

1.词汇理解偏差：被大量专业词汇阻碍，无法准确理解文章基本内容，导致答题错误。考生

平时要注重积累科普类词汇，加强根据语境猜词的练习，扩大词汇量。

2.逻辑分析不足：没有理清文章的逻辑结构，在回答涉及文章整体框架或段落关系的题目时

出错。做题前先梳理文章结构，明确各部分之间的逻辑关系，有助于避免此类错误。

3.推理过度：在推理判断题中，脱离文章实际内容，过度发挥想象，得出错误结论。牢记推

理要以原文为依据，不能主观臆断，每一个推断都要有文中信息支撑。

（二）生态环保类

1.数据解读错误：对文章中的数据信息理解不清，将不同地区、不同时间、不同对象的数据

混淆，导致答题错误。阅读时要对数据进行标记和整理，明确数据所对应的具体内容，仔细

分析数据反映的问题。

2.态度判断失误：没有准确把握作者的观点态度，将作者的支持或反对态度理解错误。做题

时要关注作者使用的形容词、副词以及直接表达观点的语句，全面理解作者意图。

3.主旨把握不准：在概括文章主旨时，没有抓住文章的核心要点，仅关注到部分内容，导致

主旨概括片面。要综合考虑文章的各个方面，提炼出最能体现文章主题的主旨。

五、考题演练

1

（24-25高二上.河北衡水•期末）TheChineseCalligraphyConference（《中国书法大会》）

isaculturalprogram.Theprogramwasfirstbroadcast（播出）onCCTV-lat20:00onJune2.2023,

andendedonJuly7.Afterappearing,theprogramquicklybecameverypopular.

TheprogramaimedtosearchChinesecalligraphycultureandtoshowthehistoryofChinese

charactersandcalligraphy.Throughusingmoderntechnologies,theprogramexpectedtobring

newlifetothisancientartform.

Theprograminvitedmanyfamouscalligraphersandartiststoteachusthehistoryand

writingskillsofChinesecalligraphy.WhattheyalsoshowusishowChinesecalligraphyhas

developedandchangedtoday.Wecouldseehowbeautifulcalligraphyisandhowprofound

Chinesecultureis.Forexample,theprogramshowedPrefacetotheOrchidPavilion（《兰亭集序》）

throughperformance,andthenexpertsexplainedthiscalligraphyworkfrombackgroundto

brushwork（笔法）.Itleftadeepinfluenceonviewers.Thereisnodoubtthattheshowisagreat

success.

TheChineseCalligraphyConferenceisnotonlyafunprogram,butawaytolearnaboutthe

cultureofChinesecalligraphy.ItmakesmorepeopleunderstandandlovetheartofChinese

calligraphy.ItalsobringsnewlifetoChinesecalligraphyandmakesitshinebrightly.Chinese

calligraphyisourmostvaluabletreasure.Foryoungpeople,weshouldtakeanactivepartin

learningtheseexcellenttraditionalculturessuchascalligraphy,andthenspreadthemtoletmore

peopleknowaboutChina.Lefstakeactionrightnow!

1.Whenwasthisculturalprogramfirstbroadcast?

A.OnJune2nd.B.OnJune7th.C.OnJuly2nd.D.OnJuly7th.

2.Theunderlinedword“profound“probablymeans""inthepassage.

A.brightB.deepC.modernD.special

3.WemainlygettoknowtheoftheChineseCalligraphyConferencefromthe

Paragraph4.

A.popularityB.newformC.influenceD.preparation

4.Thepassageiswrittentocallonpeopleto.

A.practicecalligraphyB.createnewprograms

C-watchmoreCCTVprogramsD.spreadtraditionalChinesecultures

2

（23-24高二下•云南・期末）Laptopcomputers（笔记本电脑）arepopularallovertheworld.

IntheUnitedStatestoday,lap-topsalsoconnectstudentstotheirclassrooms.WestlakeCollegein

Virginiawillstartalaptopcomputerprogramwhosemainpurposeistoallowstudentstodo

schoolworkanywhere.

Withinfiveyears,eachofthe1,500studentsatthecollegewillreceivealaptop.Thelaptops

arepartofa$10,000,000computerprogramatWestlake,a110-year-oldcollege.Thestudentswith

lap-topswillbeabletousee-mailto“speak“withtheirteachers,theirclassmatesandtheir

families,withoutgoingtocomputerlabs.Theycanuseitathome,inafast-foodrestaurantor

underthetrees——anywhereatall!

Becauseofmanychangesincomputertechnology,laptopuseinhighereducation,suchas

collegesanduniversities,isworkable.Aslaptopsbecomemorepowerful,theycanconnect

studentstonotonlytheInternet,butalsolibrariesandotherresources.

AtWestlakeCollege,morethan60%ofthestaffusecomputers.Thelaptopswillallow

teacherstousecomputersintheirlessons.AssomeWestlaketeacherssaid,“Hereweareinthe

middleofVirginiaandwe'regivingstudentsawindowontheworld.Theycanseeeverythingand

doeverything.^^

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelaptopcomputerprogram?

A.Tohelppeopleworkathome.

B.Toconnectstudentstolibraries.

C-ToencouragestudentstosurftheInternet.

D.Toallowstudentstodoschoolworkanywhere.

6.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutWestlakeCollege?

A.Studentsmustdotheirhomeworkincomputerlabs.

B.1,500studentsofthecollegewillreceivelaptops.

C-Allthestaffofthecollegeusecomputers.

D.ItisanewcollegeinAmerica.

7.Whafssometeachers'attitudetowardstheprogram?

A.Doubtful.B.Worrying.C.Supportive.D.Uncaring.

8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ALaptopPrograminWestlakeCollegeB.LaptopComputersMakePeopleCloser

C-AFamousCollegeinVirginia:WestlakeD.ComputerTechnologyProvidesResources

3

（24-25高一上•安徽阜阳•期末）Wearingsportsclothes,manyChinesepeoplewillgo

outdoorshappilywiththeirfamiliesorfriendsonMarch12.Theyarejustplantingtreesonthis

specialday一China'sArborDay（中国植树节）.

WhenitcomestoChina'sArborDay,wecan'thelpthinkingofMr.LingDaoyang.Hewas

bornin1888.WhenheworkedasanEnglishteacherinBeijing,hegotachancetostudyforestry

（林业）atYaleUniversity.Aftergraduatingin1914,hereturnedtoChinaandbecamea

famousexpertinforestryscience.In1915,headvisedthattheQingmingFestivalshouldalsobe

China'sArborDay.Hissuggestionwaswelcomedbymostpeople.In1929,NationalArborDay

wasmovedtoMarch12,thedayMr.SunYat-senpassedaway,whodidmuchtosupportforestry.

In1979,March12wasofficiallyannouncedasChina9sArborDay.Sincethen,thousandsof

treeshavebeenplantedalloverChina,makingourcountrymuchmorebeautiful.

China9sArborDayiseducationalforallofus.Itremindsusthatweshouldprotectourearth

andthankouroldgenerations,whoplantedgreen,hopeandjoyforus.

9.Accordingtothetext,peopleoftengooutdoorsonMarch12to.

A.dosportsB.studyEnglish.C.findjobs.D.planttrees.

10.WhywasNationalArborDaymovedtoMarch12,in1929?

A.Toshowinterestintheseason.B.ToshowrespecttoSunYat-sen.

C-Tomakeuseofpeople'sfreetime.D.Tomakeprogressinagriculture.

11.WhendidMarch12becomeChina'sArborDayofficially?

A.In1888.B.In1914.C.In1915.D.In1979.

12.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.ThestudiesofChina'sArborDay.B.TheactivitiesofChina'sArborDay.

C-ThedemandsofChina9sArborDay.D.ThemeaningsofChina'sArborDay.

4

（24-25高三下•安徽合肥•开学考试）Acanofsoftdrinkandtwolargeeggsmayhavea

similarnumberofcalories,buttheeggswillprovideuswithprotein,vitaminsandothernutrients,

andsatisfyourhunger,whileafizzydrinkprovideslittlemorethancalories.Theimportant

concepthereisnutrientdensity（密度），whichreferstothenumberofnutrientswetakeinforeach

calorieconsumed.Noonewouldsuggestreplacingsweetdrinkswitheggs,butwhatcanwedoto

increasenutrientdensityinourdiet?

“Haveyouhadyourfiveaday?”onBritishsupermarketshelvesisaremindertocustomers

toensuretheyareeatingatleastfiveslicesoffruitsandvegetablesperday,promotingahealthy

diet.Manycountrieshavelaunchedsimilarcampaignstoencouragepeopletoeatmorehealthily.

Fresh,naturalproduceisusuallyverydenseinnutrients.Eatingawiderangeoffruitsand

vegetablesisimportant,sosomeadvicefocusesonincludingdifferentcolorsoffoodinourdiets.

“Eatingarainbow“couldbeonewaytogetmorenutrients.

Otheradvicerecommendsthatweshouldbemoreadventurousinwhatweeat.Cookingfood

thatwehaven'teatenbeforecanleadustouseingredientsthatwedon'tusuallyconsume.Thiscan

giveusawiderrangeofnutrients.Ifsnotjustaboutfruitandvegetables.Evenflavoringssuchas

garlic,gingerorturmericcanhaveantioxidantandanti-inflammatoryproperties,whilealso

leadingpeopletouselesssalt.Dairyproductssuchasmilkandcheese,arehighincalcium,while

inlimitedamounts,meatcanbeagoodsourceofprotein.

Ifyou'renotfeelingthatadventurous,thenswappingfooditemscanbebeneficial.Choosing

wholegrainbreadorriceinsteadofwhitetreadorricecanincreasefibreintake.Unsaltednuts

providemorenutrientsthansnackssuchascrisps.Possiblysurprisingly,popcornisawholegrain

snackthatishighinfibre.

So,freshfruitandvegetables,swappingtheworstthings,andjustalittlebitmoreadventure

couldbethesecrettoamorenutritiousdiet.

13.Whatdoes“Eatingarainbow^^suggest?

A.Focusingonlow-caloriefoods.

B.Avoidingwhiteandblackfoods.

C-Addingvariouslycoloredfoodstowhatweeat.

D.Includingrainbow-coloredsnacksinourdiets.

14.Whatcanhappenifwearemoreadventurousinourfoodchoices?

A.Wereducecaloriesinourdiets.B.Weeatmorefruitsandvegetables.

C.Weconsumemoreunhealthyfood.D.Wegainaccesstodiversenutrients.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthehealthiestswap?

A.Swappingwhitericeforwholegrainrice.

B.Swappingtwoeggsforacanofsoftdrink.

C-Swappingpopcornforwholegrainbread.

D.Swappingunsaltednutsforwhitebread.

16.Whichofthefollowingservesasthebesttitle?

A.Eatingabalanceddietisessential

B.Nutrientdensityiskeytoahealthydiet

C.Eggsareabetterchoicethansugarydrinks

D.Fruitsandvegetablesarealwaysthebestchoice

5

（2025•辽宁抚顺•二模）Accordingtonewresearch,babiesrecognizepretenceandaround

halfofchildrencanpretendbythemselvesby12months.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityof

Bristol,showsforthefirsttimehowchildren'sawarenessandgraspofpretenceinitsvarious

formsdevelopsfrombirthtothreeyearsold.

Theleadauthorsaid,“Ourfindingshighlighthowpretendingisacomplex,evolving（进化的）

processwhichbeginsveryearlyoninlife,helpingtheircognitive（认知的）andsocialskillsto

advance.Pretenceisakeypartofchildren'slearning,creativity,makingfriends,andunderstanding

ofotherpeople.Thisstudymapsitsmanydifferentstagesandtypes.”

Thefindingsarebasedonresultsfromasurveyof900parentsofchildrenagedfrombirthup

tothreeyearsoldfromtheUK,theUS,Australia,andCanada.Theearliestreportedagewhen

childrenunderstandpretencewasfourmonthsandbytheageof13months,aroundhalfwere

reportedtodiscernpretencebyothers.Aroundhalfof12-month-oldswerereportedtobe

pretendingregularlythemselves.

Researchersidentified18differenttypesofpretencewhichemergeandprogressintheearly

years.One-year-olds9pretencewasshowntoinitiallyinvolvetheirbodies,forexample,pretending

tosleep.Theymayalsogestureobjectsandactions,suchasbrushingtheirteethwithafingeror

pretendingwithobjectsfortheirintendedpurposelikedrinkingoutofanemptycup.

Theresearchershopetheirresearchwillhelpparentsandpreschoolteachersunderstandand

identifywhichtypesofpretenceareappropriatetotrywithchildrenatcertainages,supporting

theirlearning,creativity,andfriendships.

Theleadauthorsaid,“Withfurtherresearch,thefindingshavethepotentialtobeusedasa

diagnostictoolfordevelopmentaldifferencesinearlyyears.Thiscouldultimatelyhelpparents,

preschooleducators,andmedicalprofessionalsbetterunderstandhowtoplaywithchildrenat

differentstagesofdevelopment.99

17.Howcanpretenceimpactbabies?

A.Byenhancingtheirphysicalstrength.

B.Byboostingtheircognitivedevelopment.

C-Bymakingthemmoreresistanttoillness.

D.Byteachingthemtoreadandwriteearlier.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discern“inparagraph3mean?

A.Recognize.B.Force.C.Interrupt.D.Criticise.

19.Whatmightthefindingsbring?

A.Newlearningskillsinscience.

B.Changesinsecondaryeducation.

C-Betterplaymethodsforprimarystudents.

D.Waystoassessdevelopmentaldifferences.

20.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowBabiesLearntoPretend

B.TheProcessofPretenceinChildren

C-NewInsightsintoEarlyChildhoodPretence

D.TheRoleofPretenceinHumanDevelopment

6

(2025•福建福州•二模)AnewstudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy

ofSciences(PNAS)challengeslong-heldassumptionsabouthumancooperation.Traditionally,

cooperationhasbeenstudiedthroughrepeatedinteractionsthatallowindividualstobuildtrustand

win-winrelationships,adjustingtheirbehaviorbasedonothers9actions.However,manyreal-world

situations,suchasvolunteeringordonatingtocrisisrelief,involveone-timedecisionswithno

anticipatedfutureinteractions.Thisstudy,co-authoredbyDr.NatalieStruwe,Prof.EstherBlanco

alongsideProf.JamesWalker,exploredhowindividualscooperatewhentheyonlyhaveone

opportunitytodosowithinasocialgroup.

Theirexperimentsinvolvingover2,000participantsexaminedthebenefitsfromcooperation

inpublicgoodprovision.Despiteincreasedbenefits,therewasnosignificantchangeinhowmuch

individualswerewillingtocooperate.Asparticipantsdidnotexpectotherstocooperatemore

whenbenefitsincreased,theywereunlikelytoincreasetheirowncooperationefforts一evenwhen

thebenefitsofcooperationdoubled.

“Ourfindingshighlightagapinourunderstandingofcooperativebehaviorin

single-encountersettings/9saidDr.Struwe."Self-interestconflictswithsocialinterests.With

higherbenefitsfromcooperation,however,thisconflictismuchlowerandwewouldexpecttosee

muchhighercooperationrates.But,weweresurprisedtofindthatevensignificantlyincreased

benefitsdidnotleadtogreatercooperationefforts.”

“Wecouldn'tbelievetheresultsourselvesatfirst,double-checkedthedataseveraltimes,and

repeatedthestudywithseveralpopulations/9saidProfessorEstherBlanco."Intheend,we

gatherednearly2,000datapoints,conductingexperimentsonlinewiththegeneralpopulationfrom

theUK.Nomatterwhatwedid,theresultsremainedconsistent.Participantswerewillingtoinvest

about40%oftheiravailablemoneytoboostgroupearnings,regardlessofthesetting.”

""Cooperationinone-timesituationsismorecommonthanwethink."ExplainedProf.Walker.

Thestudy'sresultshaveimportantimplicationsforencouragingcooperationinurgent,one-time

scenarioslikedisasterreliefandhighlighttheneedforadeeperunderstandingofcooperative

behavior,adefiningcharacteristicofhumanity.

21.Whatdidthepreviousstudycenteron?

A.Cooperationshownincrises.

B.Interactionboostedbybonds.

C-Interactionrepeatedamongstrangers.

D,Cooperationbasedonconstantinteractions.

22.Whatfactormayaffectparticipants9willingnesstocooperate?

A,Expectationsofothers.

B.Higherrewards.

C-Jointeffortsoftheteam.

D.Interestconflicts.

23.WhatisBlanco'sfindingaboutcooperationlevels?

A.Theyincreasedregularly.

B.Theyvariedgreatly.

C.Theywererelativelystable.

D.Theywereunpredictable.

24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?

A.TheImpactofTrustonCooperationDecisions

B.ReevaluatingBenefitsinCooperativeBehavior

C.HumanInteraction:BeyondLong-TermFirmCooperation

D.RethinkingCooperation:InsightsfromOne-TimeDecisions

7

（24-25高三下•湖；I匕•阶段练习）AtechnologywithrootsgoingbacktotheBronzeAgemay

offerafastandinexpensiveapproachtohelpingachievetheUnitedNationsclimategoalofnet

zeroemissionsby2050,accordingtorecentStanford-ledresearch.

Thetechnologyinvolvesfittingheat-absorbingbricksinaninsulated（隔热的）container,

wheretheycanstoreheatgeneratedbysolarorwindpowerforlateruseinindustrialprocesses.

Theheatcanthenbereleasedwhenneededbypassingairthroughchannelsinthepilesof

“firebricks”,thusallowingcement,steel,glass,andpaperfactoriestorunonrenewableenergy

evenwhenwindandsunshineareunavailable.Thesesystemsareaformofthermalenergy（热能）

storage.Thebricksaremadefromthesamematerialsasthebricksthatlinedprimitivekilns（窑）

thousandsofyearsago.

Batteriescanstoreelectricityandprovideittogenerateheatondemand."Thedifferences

betweenfirebrickstorageandbatterystoragearethatthefirebricksstoreheatratherthanelectricity

andthattheircostisone-tenththecostofbatteries/9saidleadstudyauthorMarkZ.Jacobson,a

professoratStanfordUniversity.C6Thematerialsarebasicallyjustthecomponentsofdirt.”

Theresearchersadoptedcomputermodelstocomparecosts,landneeds,healthimpacts,and

emissionsinvolvedintwoscenariosforanimaginedfuturewhere149countriesin2050areusing

renewablesourcesforallenergypurposes.Inonescenario,firebricksprovide90%ofindustrial

processheat.Intheother,there9szeroadoptionoffirebricksorotherformsofthermalenergy

storage.Theresearchersfoundthescenariowithfirebrickscouldcutcostsby$1.27trillionacross

the149countries,whilereducingthedemandforelectricalenergyandenergystoragecapacity

frombatteries.

Jacobson'sfocusonfirebricksisrelativelynew,inspiredbyadesiretoidentifyeffective

solutionsthatcouldbeadoptedquickly."HereIcanseeasubstantialbenefitsatlowcostfrom

multipleangles,fromhelpingreduceairpollutiondeathstomakingiteasiertoturntheworldto

cleanenergy,“hesaid.

25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Howfirebrickstoragetechnologyworks.B.Howfirebricksareproducedsustainably.

C.Whatthermalenergymeansscientifically.D.Whatthermalenergystorageisusedtodo.

26.Whatadvantagesdofirebrickhaveoverbattery?

A.Firebrickcanstoreheatandcostless.B.Firebrickcangeneratemoreelectricity.

C-Firebrickcanprovideheatmorequickly.D.Firebrickismadeofmoreadvancedmaterials.

27.Whyarethecomputermodelsadopted?

A.Totestthedurabilityoffirebricks.B.Tocutthecostsoffirebricks.

C.Toexploretheeffectivenessoffirebricks.D.Totestenergystoragecapacityoffirebricks.

28.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Theusageoffirebrickscanreplacebatteries.

B.Embracingrenewableelectricitybecomespossible.

C-Innovativesystemsturnheatintoelectricitycheaply.

D.Anoldtechnologycanaidtheswitchtocleanenergy.

8

（24-25高二上•河北保定•阶段练习）“BigTree,“anoldsouthernliveoak,sitsinaparkjust

outsideOrlando'sbusinessdistrict.It'sbeenstruckbylightningatleastthreetimesandhas

survivedmanyhurricanes一anditgrewfromaseedaroundthesametimeJuanPoncedeLe6n9s

shipfirstlandedonFlorida'seasterncoast.

Over400yearsold,thetreeissoimpressivethatmembersofaMichigan-basednonprofit

flewtoOrlandoinFebruarytoclimbthetreeandcutbranchesandleaves.Theresearchersarenow

inthemidstoftheprocesstogrownewrootsfromthecuttings.Thereason:Toclonethehistoric

tree,storeitsDNAandplantpotentiallythousandsofclonedtreesacrosstheSoutheast.

Inordertocloneanancienttree,researchersmustclimbittofindapieceoflivetissue.The

freshlycutbranchesandleavesaretakentothegroup'slabinMichigan,where,in

climate-controlledrooms,researchersworktopromotegrowthfromthecuttings.

Themostcommonmethodisbyrootedcuttings.Inthismethod,atipofatree'sbranchis

dipped（蘸）intohormones,placedintoafoamplug（泡沫塞）andsetinsideamistroom.Then,the

waitingbegins.Asignoflifecantakeseveralmonthstoayeartoshow,ifonecomesatall.In

anothermethodcalledtissueculture,researcherstakeaquarter-inchofbranch,dipitintoamixture

madeupofadozenhormonesandotherchemicals,seal（密封）itinacontainerandwaittosee

whetheritwillgrowroots.

Expertslaudedthegroupforitscreativemethodsandreproductioninlargenumbers,butthey

doubtwhetherthecloneswillgrowastheoriginalsdo.ScottMerkle,aprofessorofforestbiology

attheUniversityofGeorgia,said,“Therearesomanyvariablesthatthere9snocertaintythatthey

willbeabletosurviveandperformbetterthanothertreesthatyouplantonthesameland".He

addedthattheageofhistorictreesmakesthemdifficulttostudy.UIthinkifsagreatthingthat

they9redoing.Ijustdon'tknowhowrealisticitis.”

29.Accordingtothepassage,whatdotheresearchersaimtodo?

A.Tostudythereasonforthesurvivalof“BigTree”.

B.TosavethousandsoftreesacrosstheSoutheast.

C-Toanalysetheeffectsofclimateontreegrowth.

D.Tocloneanancienttreefromitsoriginal.

30.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwomethodsmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Tissuecultureisthemostfrequentlyusedmethod.

B.Thereisachancethatthebranchwillfailtogrowroots.

C-Inthefirstmethodthelivetissueissealedinacontainer.

D.Amixtureofhormonesandotherchemicalsisneededinbothmethods.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lauded“inparagraph5mean?

A.Praised.B.Met.C.Joined.D.Contacted.

32.WhafsScottMerkle9sattitudetothegroup'swork?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Cautious.D.Unclear.

9

（24-25高二上•福建泉州•期末）AdvocatesofAIchatbotsineducationalsettingssaythe

toolscanassistinactivitieslikebrainstorming-orhelpstudentsgetstartedontoughmath

problems.ButmanyteacherssaytheirstudentsareshortoftheskillstoimproveuponwhatAI

produces,orthematurity（成熟）andself-awarenesstoknowwheretheworkofAIendsandtheir

ownresponsibilitybegins.

A2024studyofnearly1,000highschoolstudentsputthemattertoatest:9th,10th,and11th

gradersattendedabriefmathlesson,thenpractisedsolvingrelatedproblemsinpreparationfora

quiz.Somereliedontraditionalmethods一consultingtheirnotesandtextbookstofindpossible

answers一whileothershadaccesstoabasicversionoratutorversion（辅导版）ofChatGPT.

Theresultswereasuccessoftechnology——untiltheyweren't.Studentsusingthebasicand

tutorGPTsscoredanastonishing48percentand127percentbetterthantheirpeersduringthe

practices,respectively,butwhenthesamestudentswenttogetbacktheinformationfromtheir

memoryduringafollow-upclosed-booktest,theirmathskillshaddisappeared.Tes